棉花主茎叶与根系硝酸还原酶活性分布对播期和密度的响应

doi:10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201701010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的本研究旨在探讨大田轻简化栽培条件下棉花氮代谢随播期和密度的变化规律。方法选用华棉3109（G. hirsutum L.）于2014年在华中农业大学试验农场,采用裂区设计：播期为主区（S1,5月30日;S2,6月14日）,密度为副区（D1,7.5株·m^-2;D2,9.0株·m^-2;D3,10.5株·m^-2）,研究了硝酸还原酶（Nitrate reductase,NR）活性在主茎叶位和根系的分布特点。结果 1）不同播期和密度对叶片和根系NR活性平均值有显著影响。推迟播期对现蕾期棉花叶片与根系平均NR活性无显著影响,增加密度可降低叶片平均NR活性,但对根系平均NR活性无显著影响;推迟播期,显著降低初花期和盛花期棉花叶片NR活性平均值,但晚播对根系NR活性平均值的影响由侧根NR决定,增加密度,叶片和根系平均NR活性呈先升高后降低变化趋势,表明见花施肥后,晚播抑制了棉花地上部叶片氮代谢强度,而增强了地下部根系氮代谢强度;适度增加密度可显著增强棉花地上部叶片和地下部根系氮代谢强度。2）现蕾期叶片NR活性平均值>初花期>盛花期,根系NR活性平均值大体呈先升高后降低变化趋势。3）主茎叶位NR活性在3个时期均由上而下显著降低,以第1叶至第3叶波动较大,第4叶以下叶片间无显著差异,表明叶片NR活性与叶龄有关,幼叶氮代谢强度高于成熟叶片,成熟叶片之间氮代谢强度保持相对稳定。结论长江流域棉区（主要指湖北植棉区）棉花播种不应晚于6月14日,种植密度以9.0株·m^-2最佳。

关键词: 棉花; 播期; 密度; 硝酸还原酶; 主茎叶位

Abstract:

[Objective] This article aims to study how cotton nitrogen metabolism changes with the density and sowing date change in simplified cultivation fields. [Method] The distribution of nitrate reductase (NR) activity was measured in cotton’s main leaves and roots of Huamian 3109 using a field split-plot design with sowing date (S1: 30^th May and S2: 14^th June) as the main plot and density (plant·m^-2) (D1: 7.5, D2: 9.0 and D3: 10.5) as the subplot. [Results] 1) The sowing date and planting density had significant effects on the average NR activities in the main leaves and roots. No difference was observed in the average NR activity distributions in leaves and roots after the sowing date was delayed in the squaring period, whereas an increase in the plant density had an inhibitory effect on the average NR activity in leaves. However, during the first and peak bloom periods, delayed sowing dates significantly decreased the average NR activity in leaves, whereas the effect of delayed sowing on the average NR activity in the roots was controlled by lateral root NR activity. Increasing the planting density initially improved NR activity and then subsequently decreased it, indicating that delayed sowing promoted under-ground root nitrogen metabolism instead of reducing above-ground leaf nitrogen metabolism. The optimum density increased nitrogen metabolism in leaves and roots. 2) The average NR activity in leaves decreased as the growth period progressed, namely squaring> first bloom> peak bloom, whereas the NR activity in the roots initially rose prior to the first bloom period and then subsequently decreased. 3) During the three periods, the NR activity decreased in the main leaves from the top to the bottom, and fluctuated mainly in the top 1^st to 3^rd leaf with no significant differences in the remaining leaves lower than the 4^th leaf. This implied that the intensity of the nitrogen metabolism in young leaves was higher than in mature leaves, whereas the intensity of the nitrogen metabolism in mature leaves remained constant. [Conclusion] Sowing date for cotton planting in the Yangtze River region (mainly in the Hubei Province) should not be later than 14^th June, and the optimum planting density is 9.0 plant·m^-2.

Key words: cotton; sowing date; density; nitrate reductase; leaf position

王雷山, KhanAziz, 宋兴虎, 黄颖, 袁源, 杨国正. 棉花主茎叶与根系硝酸还原酶活性分布对播期和密度的响应[J]. 棉花学报, 2017, 29(1): 88-98.

Wang Leishan, Khan Aziz, Song Xinghu, Huang Ying, Yuan Yuan, Yang Guozheng. Nitrate Reductase Activity Distributions in Stem Leaves and Roots of Cotton in Response to Sowing Date and Planting Density[J]. Cotton Science, 2017, 29(1): 88-98.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201701010

https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2017/V29/I1/88

参考文献

[1]	杨国正. 棉花油后免耕直播轻简高效种植技术研究初报[J]. 中国棉花, 2009, 36(9): 27-28.
[1]	Yang Guozheng.A preliminary research on an efficient and simplified planting cultivation technology for direct-sowing cotton without tillage after canola harvest[J]. China Cotton, 2009, 36(9): 27-28.
[2]	Yang Guozheng, Tang Haoyue, Nie Yichun, et al.Responses of cotton growth, yield, and biomass to nitrogen split application ratio[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2011, 35(3): 164-170.
[3]	Yang Guozheng, Zhou Mingyan.Multi-site investigation of optimum planting density and boll distribution of high-yielding cotton (G. hirsutum L.) in Hubei Province[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2010, 9(12): 1749-1757.
[4]	Yang Guozheng, Tang Haoyue, Tong Jun, et al.Effect of fertilization frequency on cotton yield and biomass accumulation[J]. Field Crops Research, 2012, 125(1): 161-166.
[5]	张杰锟. 棉花氮代谢对一次施肥时间的响应特性[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2014.
[5]	Zhang Jiekun.Response of cotton nitrogen metabolism to once fertilization time[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2014.
[6]	方昭希, 王明录, 彭代平, 等. 硝酸还原酶活性与氮素营养的关系[J]. 植物生理学报, 1979, 5(2): 123-129.
[6]	Fang Zhaoxi, Wang Minglu, Peng Daiping, et al.The relationship between nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen nutrients[J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 1979, 5(2): 123-129.
[7]	于莎, 王友华, 周治国, 等. 花铃期遮阴对棉花氮素代谢的影响及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(10): 1879-1887.
[7]	Yu Sha, Wang Youhua, Zhou Zhiguo, et al.Effect of shade on nitrogen metabolism and its mechanism in cotton plant at flowering and boll-forming stage[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(10): 1879-1887.
[8]	Pinto E, Fidalgo F, Teixeira J, et al. Influence of the temporal and spatial variation of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and soil composition in the N species content in lettuce (Lactuca sativa)[J]. Plant Science, 2014, 219/220(1): 35-41.
[9]	Rebecca L D, Gary W S.Nitrate concentration effects on NO3-N uptake and reduction, growth, and fruit yield in strawberry[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2001, 125(5): 560-563.
[10]	王海华, 魏永胜, 王朝辉. 不同品种菠菜叶肉及叶柄中硝态氮累积与硝酸还原酶活性的关系[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2006, 42(2): 217-220.
[10]	Wang Haihua, Wei Yongsheng, Wang Zhaohui.Relationship between NO3--N accumulation and nitrate reductase activity in mesophyll and petiole of different spinach (Spinacia oleacea L.) cultivars[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 2006, 42(2): 217-220.
[11]	李雪梅, 朱长甫, 苗以农, 等. 大豆植株发育过程中不同部位的硝态氮含量和硝酸还原酶活力的变化[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 1993, 29(4): 263-265.
[11]	Li Xuemei, Zhu Changpu, Miao Yinong, et al.Changes of nitrate and activity of nitrate reductase in different parts of soybean during plant development[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 1993, 29(4): 263-265.
[12]	Brito D, Santos C D, Gon?alves F V, et al.Effects of nitrate supply on plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, and nitrate reductase activity in crambe[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2013, 36(2): 275-283.
[13]	Lee H J, Titus J S.Nitrogen accumulation and nitrate reductase activity in MM.106 apple trees as affected by nitrate supply[J]. Horticultural Science, 1992, 67(2): 273-281.
[14]	Jampeetong A, Brix H.Nitrogen nutrition of Salvinia natans: effects of inorganic nitrogen form on growth, morphology, nitrate reductase activity and uptake kinetics of ammonium and nitrate[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2009, 90(1): 67-73.
[15]	杜瑛, 李平. 小麦不同生育期硝酸还原酶活性的测定[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(27): 16517-16518.
[15]	Du Ying, Li Ping.Determination of nitrate reductase activity at different growth stages in vernal wheat[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(27): 16517-16518.
[16]	赵洪祥, 徐克章, 李大勇, 等. 吉林省不同年代育成大豆品种硝酸还原酶活性变化及其与产量的关系[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2007, 30(2): 13-17.
[16]	Zhao Hongxiang, Xu Kezhang, Li Dayong, et al.Studies on nitrate reductase activity and the relationship with yield in leaves of the soybean cultivars released in Jilin Province at different ages[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2007, 30(2): 13-17.
[17]	杨荣, 邱炜红, 王朝辉, 等. 硝酸还原酶抑制剂钨酸钠对油菜硝态氮积累的影响[J]. 植物生理学报, 2012, 48(1): 51-56.
[17]	Yang Rong, Qiu Weihong, Wang Zhaohui, et al.Effects of nitrate reductase inhibitor Na2WO4 on nitrate accumulation in oilseed rape[J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 2012, 48(1): 51-56.
[18]	李秀章, 陈祥龙, 徐立华, 等. 氮素营养水平对小麦后移栽棉氮代谢的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 1994, 6(4): 223-228.
[18]	Li Xiuzhang, Chen Xianglong, Xu Lihua, et al.Effects of the level of nitrogen application on nitrogen metabolism in the plants of transplanted cotton following wheat harvest[J]. Cotton Science, 1994, 6(4): 223-228.
[19]	李伶俐, 房卫平, 谢德意, 等. 施氮量对杂交棉光合生理特性及产量与品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(5): 1183-1189.
[19]	Li Lingli, Fang Weiping, Xie Deyi, et al.Effects of nitrogen application rates on photosynthetic and physiological characteristics and yield and quality of hybrid cotton[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(5): 1183-1189.
[20]	李晓荣, 张美俊, 杨武德, 等. Bt棉功能叶氮代谢对Bt蛋白表达及氮肥调节的响应[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 34(4): 301-307, 319.
[20]	Li Xiaorong, Zhang Meijun, Yang Wude, et al.Response of nitrogen metabolism in function leaf to Bt protein expression and nitrogen fertilizer adjustment for Bt cotton[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition), 2014, 34(4): 301-307, 319.
[21]	李文才, 林振武, 汤玉玮. 硝酸还原酶的研究——Ⅴ.棉花硝酸还原酶活力与硝态氮含量的关系[J]. 作物学报, 1983, 9(2): 93-97.
[21]	Li Wencai, Lin Zhenwu, Tang Yuwei.The relationship between nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1983, 9(2): 93-97.
[22]	宋海星, 王学立, 王开运. 不同节位玉米叶片硝态氮含量及硝酸还原酶活性[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2005(3): 72-74.
[22]	Song Haixing, Wang Xueli, Wang Kaiyun. Nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity in maize leaf with different position[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2005(3): 72-74.
[23]	李文才. 硝酸还原酶的研究——棉花品种间硝酸还原酶活力与氮肥利用能力的关系[J]. 安徽农业科学, 1985(1): 29-34.
[23]	Li Wencai. Research on nitrate reductase activity — the relationship between nitrate reductase activity and nitrate content varying among varieties[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 1985(1): 29-34.
[24]	张祥, 陈德华, 王进友, 等. 移栽Bt棉的生长发育及其碳氮代谢研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2006, 18(1): 37-42.
[24]	Zhang Xiang, Chen Dehua, Wang Jinyou, et al.Growth and development of transplanted plants and their metabolism of carbohydrate and nitrogen in Bt transgenic cotton[J]. Cotton Science, 2006, 18(1): 37-42.
[25]	李生泉, 李锐, 冯文新, 等. 棉苗抗冷性与硝酸还原酶活性变化的研究[J]. 中国棉花, 2004, 31(10): 14-16.
[25]	Li Shengquan, Li Rui, Feng Wenxin, et al.Study on relationship between cotton chilling resistance and nitrate reductase activity[J]. China Cotton, 2004, 31(10): 14-16.
[26]	曹让, 梁宗锁, 吴洁云, 等. 干旱胁迫及复水对棉花叶片氮代谢的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2013, 27(2): 231-239.
[26]	Cao Rang, Liang Zongsuo, Wu Jieyun, et al.Effect of progressive drought stress and the subsequent re-watering leaf nitrogen metabolism cotton seedlings[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 27(2): 231-239.
[27]	董海荣, 李金才, 李存东. 不同形态外源氮素营养对棉花苗期氮素代谢的影响[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 2009, 32(3): 17-20.
[27]	Dong Hairong, Li Jincai, Li Cundong.Influence of different ratios of NH4+/NO3- on nitrogen metabolism of cotton[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2009, 32(3): 17-20.
[28]	董志强, 舒文华, 张保明, 等. 棉花不同土层侧根还原力差异初探[J]. 作物学报, 2005, 31(2): 219-223.
[28]	Dong Zhiqiang, Shu Wenhua, Zhang Baoming, et al.A preliminary study on the reductive activity of cotton lateral root in different soil layers[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2005, 31(2): 219-223.
[29]	胡守林, 郑德明, 邓成贵, 等. 不同耕作方式棉花根系发育能力的研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2006, 13(6): 115-116, 119.
[29]	Hu Shoulin, Zheng Deming, Deng Chenggui, et al.Study on root system development ability of cotton with different cultivation way[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 13(6): 115-116, 119.
[30]	平文超, 张永江, 刘连涛, 等. 不同密度对棉花根系生长与分布的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2011, 23(6): 522-528.
[30]	Ping Wenchao, Zhang Yongjiang, Liu Liantao, et al.Effects of planting densities on the growth and distribution of root in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)[J]. Cotton Science, 2011, 23(6): 522-528.
[31]	阿丽艳·肉孜, 张巨松, 郭仁松, 等. 不同施氮量对枣棉间作棉花根系形态与生理特性的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2013, 22(10): 96-102.
[31]	Aliyan Rouzi, Zhang Jusong, Guo Rensong, et al.Effect of different nitrogen fertilization rate on morphological and physiological characteristics of cotton root in jujube-cotton intercropping system[J]. Acta Agriculture Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2013, 22(10): 96-102.
[32]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 123-124.
[32]	Li Hesheng.Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical experiment[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000: 123-124.
[33]	Schrader L E, Cataldo D A, Peterson D M.Use of protein in extraction and stabilization of nitrate reductase[J]. Plant Physiology, 1974, 53(5): 688-690.
[34]	Hurkman W J, Vensel W H, Tanaka C K.Effect of high temperature on albumin and globulin accumulation in endosperm protein of the developing wheat grain[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2009, 49(1): 12-23.
[35]	王雷山, Khan Aziz, 袁源, 等. 播期和密度对棉花叶柄和根系硝态氮含量的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2016, 28(6): 574-583
[35]	Wang Leishan, Khan Aziz, Yuan Yuan, et al.Nitrate content distributions in petioles and roots of cotton affected by sowing date and planting density[J]. Cotton Science, 2016, 28(6): 574-583.
[36]	Toktam S T, Mesbah B.The effect of nitrate and plant size on nitrate uptake and in vitro nitrate reductase activity in strawberry[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2007, 112(4): 393-398.
[37]	徐志文, 谢振文. 水稻生育期内硝酸还原酶活性的变化趋势研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(34): 14919-14920.
[37]	Xu Zhiwen, Xie Zhenwen.Study on the change trend of nitrate reductase activity during growth period of rice[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 36(34): 14919-14920.
[38]	葛文婷, 金喜军, 马春梅, 等. 大豆硝酸还原酶活性及其与施氮关系的研究[J]. 核农学报, 2011, 25(5): 1036-1041.
[38]	Ge Wenting, Jin Xijun, Ma Chunmei, et al.Nitrate reductase activity and its relationship with applied nitrogen in soybean[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 25(5): 1036-1041.
[39]	胡明芳, 田长彦, 吕昭智, 等. 氮肥施用量对新疆棉花产量及植株和土壤中硝态氮含量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 34(4): 63-68.
[39]	Hu Mingfang, Tian Changyan, Lü Zhaozhi, et al.Effects of N rate on cotton yield and nitrate-N concentration in plant tissue and soil[J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 34(4): 63-68.
[40]	Chen Baoming, Wang Zhaohui, Li Shengxiu, et al.Effects of nitrate supply on plant growth, nitrate accumulation, metabolic nitrate concentration and nitrate reductase activity in three leafy vegetables[J]. Plant Science, 2004, 167(3): 635-643.
[41]	许长蔼, 倪晋山. 小麦叶内硝酸还原的代谢库[J]. 植物生理学报, 1990, 16(3): 277-283.
[41]	Xu Chang’ai, Ni Jinshan.The metabolic pool of nitrate reduction in wheat leaves[J]. Acta Phytophysiological Sinica, 1990, 16(3): 277-283.
[42]	Miller A J, Smith S J.Nitrate transport and compartmentation in cereal root cells[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1996, 47(7): 843-854.
[43]	Muhammad A, Robert L T, Rains D W.Differential effect of amino acids on nitrate uptake and reduction systems in barely roots[J]. Plant Science, 2001, 160(2): 219-228.
[44]	Arun P A, Rich G B, William W.Reversible inactivation of nitrate reductase by NADH and the occurrence of partially inactive enzyme in the wheat leaf[J]. Plant Physiology, 1983, 71(3): 582-587.
[45]	马冬云, 郭天财, 查菲娜, 等. 种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦旗叶氮代谢酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2007, 33(3): 514-517.
[45]	Ma Dongyun, Guo Tiancai, Cha Feina, et al.Effects of planting density on activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes in flag leaves and grain protein content in winter wheat with two spike types[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007, 33(3): 514-517.
[46]	许长蔼. 植物体内NO3-可给性对硝酸还原酶活性的调节[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 1991, 27(3): 173-177.
[46]	Xu Chang’ai.Regulation of nitrate reductase activity in vivo by nitrate availability in higher plants[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 1991, 27(3): 173-177.
[47]	王肖娟, 危常州, 张君, 等. 灌溉方式和施氮量对棉田氮肥利用率及损失的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(10): 2751-2758.
[47]	Wang Xiaojuan, Wei Changzhou, Zhang Jun, et al.Effect of irrigation mode and N application rate on cotton field fertilizer N use efficiency and N losses[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(10): 2751-2758.
[48]	李鹏程, 董合林, 刘爱忠, 等. 施氮量对棉花功能叶片生理特性、氮素利用效率及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 25(1): 81-91.
[48]	Li Pengcheng, Dong Helin, Liu Aizhong, et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application strategy on N uptake, utilization and yield of cotton using 15N trace technique[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 25(1): 81-91.