棉花学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 198-214.doi: 10.11963/cs20210072
李飞1(),郭莉莉1,赵瑞元1,尹凌洁2,王家珍3,李彩红1,何叔军1,梅正鼎1,*(
)
收稿日期:
2021-12-10
出版日期:
2022-05-15
发布日期:
2022-08-08
通讯作者:
梅正鼎
E-mail:taifeiya0821@163.com;739017796@qq.com
作者简介:
李飞(1985―),男, 基金资助:
Li Fei1(),Guo Lili1,Zhao Ruiyuan1,Yin Lingjie2,Wang Jiazhen3,Li Caihong1,He Shujun1,Mei Zhengding1,*(
)
Received:
2021-12-10
Online:
2022-05-15
Published:
2022-08-08
Contact:
Mei Zhengding
E-mail:taifeiya0821@163.com;739017796@qq.com
摘要:
【目的】研究洞庭湖植棉区油(菜)棉(花)轮作种植制度下,氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花干物质与氮素的积累、分配及产量的影响,为油后直播棉化肥减施增效提供依据。【方法】于2018年和2019年在湖南常德开展氮肥运筹试验,以湘FZ001为试验材料,设置15 cm和5 cm(H15、H5)2个施用深度,0、90、180、270和360 kg·hm-2纯氮(N0、N90、N180、N270、N360)5个施氮量。【结果】棉花氮素积累量与干物质积累量的变化趋势一致,积累动态均符合逻辑斯谛(logistic)模型;氮肥深施提高了棉株氮素和干物质的积累量及其在生殖器官中的分配比例;随着施氮量的增加,氮素、干物质积累量及其在生殖器官的分配比例均呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势;氮肥施用深度及用量互作下,氮素积累量在H15N270下取得最大值,氮素在生殖器官的分配比例、干物质积累量及其在生殖器官的分配比例均在H15N180下最大。从氮素和干物质积累特征值可以看出,棉花中氮素和干物质的累积与分配基本同步,其中氮素的平均快速积累期起始时间略早于干物质积累,说明棉花氮素吸收可能是干物质积累的基础和前提。H15比H5提高了氮肥的利用效率,同时氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力随施氮量提高均呈现下降趋势;H15N180处理可以获得较为理想的氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力和生产效率,籽棉产量最高。【结论】适量氮肥深施可以促使棉花高产。推荐本地区氮肥施用深度从常规的撒施或浅施5 cm提高到15 cm,施氮量从常规的270~300 kg·hm-2减少为180 kg·hm-2。
李飞,郭莉莉,赵瑞元,尹凌洁,王家珍,李彩红,何叔军,梅正鼎. 氮肥减量深施对油后直播棉花干物质与氮素积累、分配及产量的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(3): 198-214.
Li Fei,Guo Lili,Zhao Ruiyuan,Yin Lingjie,Wang Jiazhen,Li Caihong,He Shujun,Mei Zhengding. Effects of increasing application depth and decreasing nitrogen rate on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield of direct seeding cotton after rape harvest[J]. Cotton Science, 2022, 34(3): 198-214.
表1
氮肥不同施用深度及用量下的棉花干物质累积动态特征值"
处理 Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ym/(kg· hm-2 ) | t1/d | t2/d | tm/d | vm/(kg· hm-2·d-1) | t/d | Ym/(kg· hm-2 ) | t1/d | t2/d | tm/d | vm/(kg· hm-2·d-1) | t/d | ||
施氮深度Depth | |||||||||||||
H15 | 12 956.47 | 52.74 | 94.72 | 73.73 | 203.23 | 41.98 | 12 417.21 | 52.62 | 95.10 | 73.86 | 192.49 | 42.48 | |
H5 | 12 567.26 | 52.28 | 94.90 | 73.59 | 194.20 | 42.62 | 11 982.20 | 52.32 | 95.09 | 73.70 | 184.50 | 42.77 | |
施氮量Nitrogen rate | |||||||||||||
N0 | 10 922.70 | 52.26 | 95.74 | 74.00 | 165.42 | 43.48 | 10 632.24 | 53.48 | 97.04 | 75.26 | 160.75 | 43.55 | |
N90 | 12 118.00 | 52.05 | 94.87 | 73.45 | 186.36 | 42.82 | 11 497.81 | 52.27 | 94.85 | 73.56 | 177.80 | 42.58 | |
N180 | 13 743.29 | 53.62 | 94.32 | 73.96 | 222.37 | 40.70 | 13 033.20 | 53.16 | 94.14 | 73.65 | 209.45 | 40.98 | |
N270 | 13 753.93 | 52.91 | 95.03 | 73.97 | 215.02 | 42.12 | 13 050.93 | 52.23 | 94.53 | 73.38 | 203.16 | 42.30 | |
N360 | 13 261.23 | 51.61 | 94.19 | 72.90 | 205.08 | 42.58 | 12 722.73 | 51.40 | 94.10 | 72.75 | 196.21 | 42.70 | |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | |||||||||||||
H15N0 | 11 074.32 | 52.86 | 96.52 | 74.69 | 167.04 | 43.66 | 10 679.52 | 53.58 | 97.17 | 75.37 | 161.34 | 43.59 | |
H15N90 | 12 220.69 | 52.10 | 94.60 | 73.35 | 189.36 | 42.50 | 11 722.68 | 52.54 | 95.11 | 73.82 | 181.34 | 42.57 | |
H15N180 | 14 347.31 | 54.26 | 93.60 | 73.93 | 240.15 | 39.34 | 13 745.77 | 53.80 | 93.65 | 73.73 | 227.16 | 39.85 | |
H15N270 | 13 833.63 | 52.83 | 95.17 | 74.00 | 215.18 | 42.34 | 13 103.52 | 52.09 | 94.63 | 73.36 | 202.87 | 42.54 | |
H15N360 | 13 297.72 | 51.53 | 94.02 | 72.78 | 206.10 | 42.49 | 12 759.05 | 51.19 | 94.18 | 72.68 | 195.46 | 42.99 | |
H5N0 | 10 769.92 | 51.65 | 94.92 | 73.29 | 163.91 | 43.27 | 10 584.99 | 53.39 | 96.91 | 75.15 | 160.17 | 43.52 | |
H5N90 | 12 015.47 | 51.99 | 95.14 | 73.57 | 183.37 | 43.15 | 11 272.81 | 51.98 | 94.58 | 73.28 | 174.29 | 42.59 | |
H5N180 | 13 133.51 | 52.92 | 95.07 | 73.99 | 205.20 | 42.15 | 12 316.05 | 52.44 | 94.66 | 73.55 | 192.13 | 42.21 | |
H5N270 | 13 672.77 | 52.99 | 94.89 | 73.93 | 214.88 | 41.90 | 12 997.58 | 52.36 | 94.43 | 73.39 | 203.49 | 42.06 | |
H5N360 | 13 225.80 | 51.68 | 94.37 | 73.02 | 204.06 | 42.68 | 12 684.84 | 51.61 | 94.01 | 72.81 | 196.99 | 42.41 | |
平均 Average | 12 762.49 | 52.51 | 94.81 | 73.66 | 198.69 | 42.30 | 12 199.83 | 52.47 | 95.10 | 73.78 | 188.49 | 42.62 |
附表 1
氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花干物质积累的影响"
处理 Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 d | 30 d | 45 d | 60 d | 75 d | 90 d | 105 d | 15 d | 30 d | 45 d | 60 d | 75 d | 90 d | 105 d | |
施肥深度Depth | ||||||||||||||
H15 | 264.64 a | 675.49 a | 1 711.84 a | 4 239.51 a | 6 361.34 a | 9 733.09 a | 11 305.17 a | 248.11 a | 650.68 a | 1 642.83 a | 4 095.47 a | 6 082.50 a | 9 205.14 a | 10 814.13 a |
H5 | 269.11 a | 679.08 a | 1 669.47 a | 4 188.73 a | 6 272.59 a | 9 346.51 b | 10 992.49 b | 249.92 a | 656.01 a | 1 611.35 a | 3 963.95 b | 5 954.35 a | 8 869.05 b | 10 453.55 b |
施氮量Nitrogen rate | ||||||||||||||
N0 | 264.81 a | 580.88 e | 1 449.58 e | 3 581.64 d | 5 525.12 d | 7 875.53 d | 9 542.31 d | 247.67 a | 567.69 e | 1 372.97 e | 3 247.90 d | 5 135.60 c | 7 330.48 d | 9 132.46 d |
N90 | 266.33 a | 639.83 d | 1 627.57 d | 4 074.54 c | 6 123.12 c | 8 956.50 c | 10 632.91 c | 248.11 a | 617.23 d | 1 570.67 d | 3 788.37 c | 5 758.36 b | 8 514.92 c | 10 052.99 c |
N180 | 266.57 a | 684.69 c | 1 725.37 c | 4 362.10 b | 6 603.49 b | 10 477.08 a | 11 986.14 a | 249.02 a | 661.44 c | 1 681.28 c | 4 206.04 b | 6 366.44 a | 9 934.39 a | 11 401.40 a |
N270 | 268.04 a | 722.53 b | 1 805.01 b | 4 433.12 b | 6 757.05 a | 10 256.72 b | 11 988.54 a | 249.53 a | 696.47 b | 1 729.81 b | 4 425.67 a | 6 468.94 a | 9 741.35 ab | 11 427.97 a |
N360 | 268.62 a | 758.48 a | 1 845.75 a | 4 619.20 a | 6 576.08 b | 10 133.18 b | 11 594.23 b | 250.74 a | 723.89 a | 1 780.72 a | 4 480.58 a | 6 362.79 a | 9 664.32 b | 11 154.39 b |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | ||||||||||||||
H15×N0 | 262.08 b | 581.22 e | 1 449.72 f | 3 487.32 f | 5 521.59 f | 7 901.39 f | 9 605.78 e | 246.71 a | 566.06 f | 1 376.05 e | 3 247.15 e | 5 138.64 e | 7 308.02 e | 9 160.96 e |
H15×N90 | 264.33 ab | 638.90 d | 1 652.98 d | 4 068.54 d | 6 227.77 d | 9 017.49 e | 10 752.57 d | 247.24 a | 615.66 e | 1 584.17 d | 3 809.93 d | 5 831.94 d | 8 641.00 d | 10 229.51 d |
H15×N180 | 264.35 ab | 681.45 c | 1 756.78 c | 4 433.59 b | 6 829.34 ab | 11 126.53 a | 12 546.84 a | 248.18 a | 659.46 d | 1 694.46 c | 4 380.80 b | 6 584.80 a | 10 774.65 a | 12 029.93 a |
H15×N270 | 265.95 ab | 720.27 b | 1 814.10 b | 4 558.37 a | 6 660.26 bc | 10 398.33 b | 12 005.62 b | 248.53 a | 691.73 c | 1 752.65 b | 4 482.74 ab | 6 489.72 ab | 9 624.19 b | 11 469.32 b |
H15×N360 | 266.48 ab | 755.59 a | 1 885.63 a | 4 649.76 a | 6 567.79 c | 10 221.71 bc | 11 615.01 c | 249.88 a | 720.49 ab | 1 806.80 a | 4 556.74 a | 6 367.42 b | 9 677.85 b | 11 180.94 b |
H5×N0 | 267.54 ab | 580.54 e | 1 449.44 f | 3 675.96 e | 5 528.65 f | 7 849.66 f | 9 478.84 e | 248.63 a | 569.32 f | 1 369.88 e | 3 248.65 e | 5 132.56 e | 7 352.95 e | 9 103.96 e |
H5×N90 | 268.32 ab | 640.76 d | 1 602.15 e | 4 080.55 d | 6 018.46 e | 8 895.50 e | 10 513.26 d | 248.98 a | 618.81 e | 1 557.16 d | 3 766.81 d | 5 684.77 d | 8 388.84 d | 9 876.48 d |
H5×N180 | 268.78 ab | 687.92 c | 1 693.95 d | 4 290.61 c | 6 377.65 d | 9 827.62 d | 11 425.45 c | 249.86 a | 663.43 d | 1 668.10 c | 4 031.27 c | 6 148.08 c | 9 094.13 c | 10 772.87 c |
H5×N270 | 270.14 a | 724.80 b | 1 795.92 bc | 4 307.87 c | 6 853.83 a | 10 115.11 c | 11 971.46 b | 250.53 a | 701.20 bc | 1 706.95 bc | 4 368.61 b | 6 448.17 ab | 9 858.51 b | 11 386.61 b |
H5×N360 | 270.77 a | 761.37 a | 1 805.88 b | 4 588.63 a | 6 584.37 c | 10 044.65 cd | 11 573.45 c | 251.60 a | 727.28 a | 1 754.64 b | 4 404.43 b | 6 358.15 b | 9 650.79 b | 11 127.84 bc |
变异来源Source of variation | ||||||||||||||
施肥深度Depth | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | * | * | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | ** | * |
施氮量 Nitrogen rate | ns | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth× Nitrogen rate | ns | ns | ns | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns | ns | ns | * | * | ** | ** |
表2
氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花干物质分配的影响"
处理 Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
营养器官干物质质量 Dry mass of vegetative organs | 生殖器官干物质质量 Dry mass of reproductive organs | 营养器官干物质质量 Dry mass of vegetative organs | 生殖器官干物质质量 Dry mass of reproductive organs | ||
施氮深度Depth | |||||
H15 | 4 837.91 a(42.79) | 6 467.25 a(57.21) | 4 734.07 a(43.78) | 6 080.06 a(56.22) | |
H5 | 4 917.57 a(44.74) | 6 074.92 b(55.26) | 4 755.11 a(45.49) | 5 698.44 b(54.51) | |
施氮量Nitrogen rate | |||||
N0 | 4 458.27 c(46.72) | 5 084.04 d(53.28) | 4 301.60 d(47.10) | 4 830.86 d(52.90) | |
N90 | 4 711.53 b(44.31) | 5 921.39 c(55.69) | 4 484.15 c(44.61) | 5 568.85 c(55.39) | |
N180 | 5 024.75 a(41.92) | 6 961.40 a(58.08) | 4 896.19 b(42.94) | 6 505.21 a(57.06) | |
N270 | 5 092.20 a(42.48) | 6 896.34 a(57.42) | 4 911.04 b(42.97) | 6 516.92 a(57.03) | |
N360 | 5 101.95 a(44.00) | 6 492.28 b(56.00) | 5 129.98 a(45.99) | 6 024.41 b(54.01) | |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | |||||
H15N0 | 4 457.49 e(46.40) | 5 148.29 g(53.60) | 4 296.03 g(46.90) | 4 864.93 g(53.10) | |
H15N90 | 4 626.28 d(43.02) | 6 126.29 e(56.98) | 4 472.42 ef(43.72) | 5 757.08 e(56.28) | |
H15N180 | 5 047.01 ab(40.23) | 7 499.82 a(59.77) | 5 035.85 b(41.86) | 6 994.08 a(58.14) | |
H15N270 | 5 012.11 ab(41.75) | 6 993.51 b(58.25) | 4 860.79 cd(42.38) | 6 608.52 b(57.63) | |
H15N360 | 5 046.65 ab(43.45) | 6 568.36 d(56.55) | 5 005.27 bc(44.77) | 6 175.67 c(55.23) | |
H5N0 | 4 459.05 e(47.04) | 5 019.79 g(52.96) | 4 307.17 fg(47.31) | 4 796.79 g(52.69) | |
H5N90 | 4 796.77 c(45.63) | 5 716.48 f(54.37) | 4 495.87 e(45.52) | 5 380.61 f(54.48) | |
H5N180 | 5 002.48 b(43.78) | 6 422.97 d(56.22) | 4 756.53 d(44.15) | 6 016.34 cd(55.85) | |
H5N270 | 5 172.29 a(43.21) | 6 799.17 c(56.80) | 4 961.29 bc(43.57) | 6 425.33 b(56.43) | |
H5N360 | 5 157.26 ab(44.56) | 6 416.19 d(55.44) | 5 254.69 a(47.22) | 5 873.15 de(52.78) | |
变异来源 Source of variation | |||||
施肥深度Depth | ns | ** | ns | * | |
施氮量 Nitrogen rate | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
施肥深度×施氮量 Depth×Nitrogen rate | ** | ** | ** | ** |
表3
氮肥不同施用深度及用量下的棉花氮素累积动态特征值"
处理 Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ym/(kg· hm-2 ) | t1/d | t2/d | tm/d | vm/(kg· hm-2·d-1) | t/d | Ym/(kg· hm-2 ) | t1/d | t2/d | tm/d | vm/(kg· hm-2·d-1) | t/d | ||
施氮深度Depth | |||||||||||||
H15 | 230.99 | 52.89 | 94.35 | 73.62 | 3.67 | 41.45 | 220.20 | 52.08 | 93.54 | 72.81 | 3.50 | 41.46 | |
H5 | 219.12 | 52.49 | 94.10 | 73.29 | 3.47 | 41.61 | 213.80 | 52.39 | 94.11 | 73.25 | 3.37 | 41.73 | |
施氮量Nitrogen rate | |||||||||||||
N0 | 182.92 | 51.19 | 93.03 | 72.11 | 2.88 | 41.85 | 177.61 | 51.84 | 94.01 | 72.92 | 2.77 | 42.17 | |
N90 | 219.10 | 53.17 | 94.53 | 73.85 | 3.49 | 41.36 | 206.69 | 52.63 | 94.37 | 73.50 | 3.26 | 41.75 | |
N180 | 232.61 | 52.38 | 93.72 | 73.05 | 3.71 | 41.34 | 225.57 | 52.57 | 93.92 | 73.25 | 3.59 | 41.35 | |
N270 | 250.96 | 53.42 | 94.68 | 74.05 | 4.01 | 41.27 | 239.81 | 53.13 | 94.43 | 73.78 | 3.82 | 41.30 | |
N360 | 242.13 | 52.04 | 93.47 | 72.75 | 3.85 | 41.43 | 232.46 | 51.89 | 93.72 | 72.80 | 3.66 | 41.83 | |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | |||||||||||||
H15N0 | 183.69 | 51.32 | 93.26 | 72.29 | 2.88 | 41.94 | 182.13 | 51.05 | 92.80 | 71.93 | 2.87 | 41.74 | |
H15N90 | 225.25 | 53.51 | 94.86 | 74.18 | 3.59 | 41.35 | 212.94 | 52.81 | 94.17 | 73.49 | 3.39 | 41.36 | |
H15N180 | 248.56 | 53.62 | 94.78 | 74.20 | 3.98 | 41.16 | 216.20 | 50.99 | 92.27 | 71.63 | 3.45 | 41.28 | |
H15N270 | 254.43 | 53.67 | 94.93 | 74.30 | 4.06 | 41.26 | 247.47 | 53.16 | 94.42 | 73.79 | 3.95 | 41.26 | |
H15N360 | 242.54 | 51.99 | 93.42 | 72.70 | 3.86 | 41.43 | 241.73 | 52.09 | 93.53 | 72.81 | 3.84 | 41.44 | |
H5N0 | 175.28 | 51.32 | 93.42 | 72.37 | 2.74 | 42.10 | 179.91 | 52.35 | 94.56 | 73.45 | 2.81 | 42.21 | |
H5N90 | 210.20 | 52.57 | 94.18 | 73.37 | 3.33 | 41.60 | 203.20 | 52.68 | 94.59 | 73.64 | 3.19 | 41.91 | |
H5N180 | 236.12 | 53.39 | 94.61 | 74.00 | 3.77 | 41.22 | 214.81 | 51.69 | 93.05 | 72.37 | 3.42 | 41.37 | |
H5N270 | 241.10 | 53.23 | 94.53 | 73.88 | 3.85 | 41.30 | 238.51 | 53.03 | 94.33 | 73.68 | 3.80 | 41.30 | |
H5N360 | 232.55 | 51.61 | 93.40 | 72.51 | 3.66 | 41.79 | 232.37 | 52.16 | 94.03 | 73.10 | 3.66 | 41.87 | |
平均 Average | 225.62 | 52.49 | 93.96 | 73.23 | 3.58 | 41.47 | 216.46 | 52.44 | 94.11 | 73.27 | 3.42 | 41.67 |
附表 2
氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花氮素积累的影响"
处理 Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 d | 30 d | 45 d | 60 d | 75 d | 90 d | 105 d | 15 d | 30 d | 45 d | 60 d | 75 d | 90 d | 105 d | |
施肥深度Depth | ||||||||||||||
H15 | 5.48 a | 10.34 a | 30.11 a | 74.48 a | 116.79 a | 171.31 a | 203.67 a | 5.06 a | 9.86 b | 28.84 a | 72.83 a | 111.19 a | 163.26 a | 193.62 a |
H5 | 5.41 a | 10.36 a | 29.23 a | 74.22 a | 114.94 a | 164.03 b | 196.03 b | 4.98 b | 9.99 a | 28.24 b | 70.55 b | 109.90 a | 158.18 b | 189.26 b |
施氮量Nitrogen rate | ||||||||||||||
N0 | 5.15 c | 9.21 e | 25.38 e | 64.34 d | 96.95 e | 137.51 e | 163.34 e | 4.80 a | 8.97 d | 24.14 e | 60.60 e | 90.21 d | 133.51 e | 156.52 e |
N90 | 5.34 b | 9.90 d | 27.88 d | 69.65 c | 110.13 d | 162.07 d | 192.86 d | 4.94 a | 9.42 c | 27.04 d | 68.59 d | 103.09 c | 154.56 d | 181.68 d |
N180 | 5.56 a | 10.52 c | 30.25 c | 77.40 b | 120.48 c | 172.71 c | 206.87 c | 5.13 a | 10.18 b | 29.44 c | 73.23 c | 117.51 b | 165.98 c | 200.65 c |
N270 | 5.58 a | 10.89 b | 31.61 b | 80.01 a | 124.30 b | 186.23 a | 220.23 a | 5.07 a | 10.47 a | 30.39 b | 76.84 b | 120.97 a | 177.07 a | 211.59 a |
N360 | 5.60 a | 11.23 a | 33.23 a | 80.34 a | 127.46 a | 179.84 b | 215.96 b | 5.17 a | 10.59 a | 31.69 a | 79.17 a | 120.93 a | 172.47 b | 206.77 b |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | ||||||||||||||
H15×N0 | 5.10 c | 9.23 fg | 25.43 g | 64.06 d | 96.87 e | 137.66 e | 163.70 d | 4.77 f | 8.93 f | 24.42 g | 61.17 f | 90.31 e | 132.72 e | 155.36 f |
H15×N90 | 5.30 abc | 9.91 de | 28.39 f | 70.18 c | 112.16 d | 165.70 c | 197.74 b | 4.91d ef | 9.34 e | 27.29 f | 71.29 d | 103.87 d | 158.73 c | 184.72 d |
H15×N180 | 5.52 ab | 10.47 cde | 30.73 de | 78.06 b | 122.90 b | 183.53 ab | 218.25 a | 5.10 abc | 10.15 d | 29.69 de | 74.55 c | 118.44 bc | 173.91 ab | 207.99 ab |
H15×N270 | 5.56 ab | 10.86 abc | 32.01 bc | 79.87 a | 124.52 ab | 188.64 a | 222.58 a | 5.00 bcd | 10.39 bcd | 30.74 bc | 76.26 b | 122.03 a | 177.18 a | 212.75 a |
H15×N360 | 5.57 ab | 11.22 ab | 34.01 a | 80.24 a | 127.46 a | 180.99 b | 216.08 a | 5.13 ab | 10.48 abc | 32.05 a | 80.87 a | 121.30 ab | 173.75 ab | 207.28 b |
H5×N0 | 5.20 bc | 9.20 g | 25.34 g | 64.63 d | 97.04 e | 137.37 e | 162.98 d | 4.82 ef | 9.01 f | 23.84 g | 60.02 f | 90.12 e | 134.30 e | 157.67 f |
H5×N90 | 5.37 abc | 9.89 ef | 27.37 f | 69.11 c | 108.09 d | 158.43 d | 187.97 c | 4.97 cde | 9.49 e | 26.79 f | 65.90 e | 102.32 d | 150.39 d | 178.64 e |
H5×N180 | 5.59 a | 10.57 bcd | 29.78 e | 76.75 b | 118.06 c | 161.89 cd | 195.49 bc | 5.17 a | 10.20 cd | 29.19 e | 71.92 d | 116.57 c | 158.05 c | 193.31 c |
H5×N270 | 5.60 a | 10.92 abc | 31.21 cd | 80.16 a | 124.07 ab | 183.81 ab | 217.88 a | 5.14 ab | 10.55 ab | 30.03 cd | 77.43 b | 119.91 ab | 176.97 a | 210.43 ab |
H5×N360 | 5.64 a | 11.25 a | 32.44 b | 80.43 a | 127.45 a | 178.69 b | 215.83 a | 5.21 a | 10.69 a | 31.33 ab | 77.47 b | 120.56 ab | 171.19 b | 206.26 b |
变异来源Source of variation | ||||||||||||||
施肥深度Depth | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | * | * | * | ** | ** | ns | ** | * |
施氮量 Nitrogen rate | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
施肥深度× 施氮量Depth× Nitrogen rate | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** | ** | ns | ns | ns | ** | ns | ** | ** |
表4
氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花氮素分配的影响 (kg·hm-2)"
处理 Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
营养器官干物质质量 Dry mass of vegetative organs | 生殖器官干物质质量 Dry mass of reproductive organs | 营养器官干物质质量 Dry mass of vegetative organs | 生殖器官干物质质量 Dry mass of reproductive organs | ||
施氮深度Depth | |||||
H15 | 86.81 a(42.62) | 116.86 a(57.38) | 85.74 b(44.28) | 107.88 a(55.72) | |
H5 | 85.87 b(43.81) | 110.16 b(56.19) | 86.63 a(45.77) | 102.63 b(54.23) | |
施氮量Nitrogen rate | |||||
N0 | 74.91 e(45.86) | 88.43 d(54.14) | 74.38 e(47.52) | 82.13 d(52.48) | |
N90 | 83.47 d(43.28) | 109.38 c(56.72) | 83.40 d(45.90) | 98.28 c(54.10) | |
N180 | 85.77 c(41.46) | 121.10 b(58.54) | 86.26 c(42.99) | 114.39 b(57.01) | |
N270 | 92.31 b(41.91) | 127.92 a(58.09) | 92.28 b(43.61) | 119.31 a(56.39) | |
N360 | 95.25 a(44.11) | 120.71 b(55.89) | 94.60 a(45.75) | 112.17 b(54.25) | |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | |||||
H15N0 | 74.37 e(45.43) | 89.33 f(54.57) | 72.71 f(46.80) | 82.65 f(53.20) | |
H15N90 | 84.14 d(42.55) | 113.60 d(57.45) | 83.53 d(45.22) | 101.19 d(54.78) | |
H15N180 | 88.68 c(40.63) | 129.57 a(59.37) | 87.48 c(42.06) | 120.51 a(57.94) | |
H15N270 | 93.15 b(41.85) | 129.43 a(58.15) | 92.69 b(43.57) | 120.06 a(56.43) | |
H15N360 | 93.71 ab(43.37) | 122.37 bc(56.63) | 92.28 b(44.52) | 115.00 b(55.48) | |
H5N0 | 75.45 e(46.29) | 87.54 f(53.71) | 76.06 e(48.24) | 81.62 f(51.76) | |
H5N90 | 82.81 d(44.05) | 105.17 e(55.95) | 83.27 d(46.61) | 95.37 e(53.39) | |
H5N180 | 82.85 d(42.38) | 112.64 d(57.62) | 85.04 cd(43.99) | 108.27 c(56.01) | |
H5N270 | 91.47 bc(41.98) | 126.42 ab(58.02) | 91.87 b(43.66) | 118.56 ab(56.34) | |
H5N360 | 96.79 a(44.84) | 119.04 c(55.16) | 96.92 a(46.99) | 109.34 c(53.01) | |
变异来源 Source of variation | |||||
施肥深度Depth | * | * | * | * | |
施氮量 Nitrogen rate | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
施肥深度×施氮量 Depth×Nitrogen rate | ** | ** | ** | ** |
表5
氮肥施用深度及用量对氮肥利用的影响"
处理 Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
表观利用率 Apparent utilization/% | 农学利用率Agronomic utilization/(kg·kg-1) | 偏生产力Partial productivity /(kg·kg-1) | 氮素 生产效率Production efficiency/(kg·kg-1) | 表观利用率 Apparent utilization/% | 农学利用率Agronomic utilization/(kg·kg-1) | 偏生产力Partial productivity /(kg·kg-1) | 氮素 生产效率Production efficiency/(kg·kg-1) | ||
施肥深度Depth | |||||||||
H15 | 26.13 a | 4.19 a | 19.98 a | 16.43 a | 24.38 a | 3.51 a | 18.36 a | 16.01 a | |
H5 | 20.22 b | 2.77 a | 18.63 b | 16.23 a | 19.02 a | 2.45 a | 17.44 b | 15.83 a | |
施氮量Nitrogen rate | |||||||||
N0 | 16.76 ab | 16.47 a | |||||||
N90 | 32.79 a | 4.94 a | 35.32 a | 16.49 ab | 27.96 a | 4.01 a | 32.66 a | 16.18 ab | |
N180 | 24.18 b | 4.47 a | 19.66 b | 17.10 a | 24.52 a | 3.69 ab | 18.02 b | 16.15 ab | |
N270 | 21.07 c | 3.02 b | 13.15 c | 16.15 b | 20.40 b | 2.62 bc | 12.17 c | 15.53 bc | |
N360 | 14.62 d | 1.50 c | 9.10 d | 15.18 c | 13.96 c | 1.60 c | 8.76 d | 15.25 c | |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | |||||||||
H15N0 | 16.68 ab | 16.52 a | |||||||
H15N90 | 37.82 a | 6.01 a | 36.33 a | 16.53 abc | 32.62 a | 4.86 a | 33.37 a | 16.26 ab | |
H15N180 | 30.31 b | 5.96 a | 21.12 c | 17.42 a | 29.24 a | 4.77 ab | 19.02 c | 16.46 a | |
H15N270 | 21.81 c | 3.11 bc | 13.21 e | 16.03 bc | 21.26 ab | 2.74 bc | 12.25 e | 15.55 ab | |
H15N360 | 14.55 d | 1.69 bc | 9.27 f | 15.45 cd | 14.42 b | 1.66 c | 8.79 f | 15.26 b | |
H5N0 | 16.83 ab | 16.44 a | |||||||
H5N90 | 27.76 b | 3.86 ab | 34.32 b | 16.44 abc | 23.30 ab | 3.16 abc | 31.95 b | 16.10 ab | |
H5N180 | 18.06 cd | 2.98 bc | 18.20 d | 16.77 ab | 19.80 ab | 2.62 c | 17.01 d | 15.84 ab | |
H5N270 | 20.33c | 2.94 bc | 13.09 e | 16.26 bc | 19.54 ab | 2.49 c | 12.09 e | 15.52 ab | |
H5N360 | 14.68 d | 1.32 c | 8.93 f | 14.90 d | 13.50 b | 1.54 c | 8.74 f | 15.25 b | |
变异来源Source of variation | |||||||||
施肥深度 Depth | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | |
施氮量 Nitrogen rate | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | * | |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth× Nitrogen rate | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | * |
表6
氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花产量及其构成因素的影响"
处理 Treatment | 2018 | 2019 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总成铃数 Boll number/(×104·hm-2 ) | 铃重 Boll weight/g | 衣分 Lint percentage/% | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/(kg·hm-2 ) | 总成铃数 Boll number/(×104·hm-2 ) | 铃重 Boll weight/g | 衣分 Lint percentage/% | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/(kg·hm-2 ) | ||
施肥深度Depth | |||||||||
H15 | 79.20 a | 4.96 a | 40.98 a | 3 331.24 a | 75.60 a | 4.82 a | 40.77 a | 3 092.60 a | |
H5 | 75.65 a | 4.91 b | 40.65 a | 3 169.75 b | 73.40 a | 4.78 b | 40.62 a | 2 987.76 b | |
施氮量Nitrogen rate | |||||||||
N0 | 68.00 c | 4.83 c | 40.67 a | 2 735.18 d | 65.75 d | 4.67 c | 40.37 a | 2 578.44 c | |
N90 | 76.38 b | 4.91 b | 40.96 a | 3 154.36 c | 72.75 c | 4.75 bc | 40.42 a | 2 939.39 b | |
N180 | 82.63 a | 5.00 a | 40.97 a | 3 534.47 a | 78.50 a | 4.85 ab | 41.02 a | 3 243.30 a | |
N270 | 82.63 a | 5.00 a | 40.74 a | 3 551.64 a | 79.50 a | 4.90 a | 40.91 a | 3 285.37 a | |
N360 | 77.50 b | 4.95 ab | 40.74 a | 3 276.82 b | 76.00 b | 4.84 ab | 40.78 a | 3 154.42 a | |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | |||||||||
H15N0 | 67.50 f | 4.83 e | 40.81 a | 2 729.20 e | 65.00 e | 4.66 c | 40.26 a | 2 565.50 e | |
H15N90 | 78.50 cd | 4.93 cd | 41.16 a | 3 219.85 cd | 74.25 cd | 4.77 abc | 40.67 a | 3 003.19 cd | |
H15N180 | 88.75 a | 5.04 a | 40.87 a | 3 802.25 a | 82.25 a | 4.92 a | 41.08 a | 3 424.06 a | |
H15N270 | 83.25 ab | 5.02 ab | 40.99 a | 3 567.66 b | 80.25 a | 4.91 a | 41.00 a | 3 306.57 ab | |
H15N360 | 78.00 cde | 5.00 abc | 41.08 a | 3 337.26 c | 76.25 bc | 4.84 ab | 40.84 a | 3 163.71b c | |
H5N0 | 68.50 f | 4.82 e | 40.53 a | 2 741.16 e | 66.50 e | 4.67 c | 40.47 a | 2 591.38 e | |
H5N90 | 74.25 e | 4.89 de | 40.76 a | 3 088.87 d | 71.25 d | 4.72 bc | 40.16 a | 2 875.60 d | |
H5N180 | 76.50 de | 4.95 bcd | 41.07 a | 3 266.70 c | 74.75 cd | 4.79 abc | 40.97 a | 3 062.54 c | |
H5N270 | 82.00 bc | 4.98 abc | 40.49 a | 3 535.61 b | 78.75 ab | 4.88 a | 40.81 a | 3 264.17 ab | |
H5N360 | 77.00 de | 4.90 d | 40.40 a | 3 216.39 cd | 75.75 bc | 4.84 ab | 40.71 a | 3 145.13 bc | |
变异来源Source of variation | |||||||||
施肥深度Depth | ns | * | ns | * | ns | * | ns | * | |
施氮量 Nitrogen rate | ** | ** | ns | ** | ** | ** | ns | ** | |
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate | ** | * | ns | ** | ** | * | ns | * |
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