氮肥减量深施对油后直播棉花干物质与氮素积累、分配及产量的影响

doi:10.11963/cs20210072

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究洞庭湖植棉区油（菜）棉（花）轮作种植制度下,氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花干物质与氮素的积累、分配及产量的影响,为油后直播棉化肥减施增效提供依据。【方法】于2018年和2019年在湖南常德开展氮肥运筹试验,以湘FZ001为试验材料,设置15 cm和5 cm（H₁₅、H₅）2个施用深度,0、90、180、270和360 kg·hm^-2纯氮（N₀、N₉₀、N₁₈₀、N₂₇₀、N₃₆₀）5个施氮量。【结果】棉花氮素积累量与干物质积累量的变化趋势一致,积累动态均符合逻辑斯谛（logistic）模型;氮肥深施提高了棉株氮素和干物质的积累量及其在生殖器官中的分配比例;随着施氮量的增加,氮素、干物质积累量及其在生殖器官的分配比例均呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势;氮肥施用深度及用量互作下,氮素积累量在H₁₅N₂₇₀下取得最大值,氮素在生殖器官的分配比例、干物质积累量及其在生殖器官的分配比例均在H₁₅N₁₈₀下最大。从氮素和干物质积累特征值可以看出,棉花中氮素和干物质的累积与分配基本同步,其中氮素的平均快速积累期起始时间略早于干物质积累,说明棉花氮素吸收可能是干物质积累的基础和前提。H₁₅比H₅提高了氮肥的利用效率,同时氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力随施氮量提高均呈现下降趋势;H₁₅N₁₈₀处理可以获得较为理想的氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力和生产效率,籽棉产量最高。【结论】适量氮肥深施可以促使棉花高产。推荐本地区氮肥施用深度从常规的撒施或浅施5 cm提高到15 cm,施氮量从常规的270~300 kg·hm^-2减少为180 kg·hm^-2。

关键词: 棉花; 施肥深度; 施氮量; 干物质; 氮素; 籽棉产量

Abstract:

[Objective] The effects of nitrogen application depth and amount on cotton dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, distribution and yield in rape-cotton rotation cropping system around Dongting Lake cotton planting region were studied, so as to provide a scientific basis for reducing the application and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizer of direct seeding cotton after harvesting rape. [Method] The nitrogen application experiment was carried out at Changde, Hunan Province in 2018 and 2019. A field experiment was conducted using Xiang FZ001 with the treatments of two nitrogen application depths (15 cm and 5 cm, marked by H₁₅ and H₅), and five nitrogen rates (0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg·hm^-2, marked by N₀, N₉₀, N₁₈₀, N₂₇₀, N₃₆₀, respectively). [Result] The trends of cotton nitrogen and dry matter accumulation were consistent, and the accumulation dynamics were in line with the logistic model. Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in cotton plants and their distribution proportion in reproductive organs. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter and their distribution proportion in reproductive organs all showed a trend of increase at first and decrease afterward. Under the interaction of nitrogen application depth and amount, the accumulation of nitrogen was maximum under H₁₅N₂₇₀; the proportion of nitrogen distribution in reproductive organs, dry matter accumulation and its distribution proportion in reproductive organs were maximum under H₁₅N₁₈₀. From the characteristic values of nitrogen and dry matter accumulation, it could be seen that the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen and dry matter in cotton was basically sychronized, with the average rapid accumulation of nitrogen starting slightly earlier than that of dry matter accumulation, indicating that cotton nitrogen absorption was likely the basis and premise of dry matter accumulation. Compared with H₅, H₁₅ improved the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and the apparent utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate and biased productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the interaction of nitrogen application depth and amount, the H₁₅N₁₈₀ treatment could obtain desirable apparent utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate, biased productivity and production efficiency and highest seed cotton yield. [Conclusion] This study indicated that applying suitable nitrogen application rate and increasing fertilization depth could promote high yield. And it was recommended that the depth of nitrogen application should be increased from 5 cm to 15 cm,and the quantity should be reduced from 270-300 kg·hm^-2 to 180 kg·hm^-2 for the tested region.

Key words: cotton; fertilization depth; nitrogen rate; dry matter; nitrogen; seed cotton yield

李飞,郭莉莉,赵瑞元,尹凌洁,王家珍,李彩红,何叔军,梅正鼎. 氮肥减量深施对油后直播棉花干物质与氮素积累、分配及产量的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(3): 198-214.

Li Fei,Guo Lili,Zhao Ruiyuan,Yin Lingjie,Wang Jiazhen,Li Caihong,He Shujun,Mei Zhengding. Effects of increasing application depth and decreasing nitrogen rate on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield of direct seeding cotton after rape harvest[J]. Cotton Science, 2022, 34(3): 198-214.

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链接本文: https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/cs20210072

https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2022/V34/I3/198

图/表 11

图1

表1

氮肥不同施用深度及用量下的棉花干物质累积动态特征值"

处理 Treatment	2018						2019
处理 Treatment	Y_m/(kg· hm^-2 )	t₁/d	t₂/d	t_m/d	v_m/(kg· hm^-2·d^-1)	t/d	Y_m/(kg· hm^-2 )	t₁/d	t₂/d	t_m/d	v_m/(kg· hm^-2·d^-1)	t/d
施氮深度Depth
H₁₅	12 956.47	52.74	94.72	73.73	203.23	41.98	12 417.21	52.62	95.10	73.86	192.49	42.48
H₅	12 567.26	52.28	94.90	73.59	194.20	42.62	11 982.20	52.32	95.09	73.70	184.50	42.77
施氮量Nitrogen rate
N₀	10 922.70	52.26	95.74	74.00	165.42	43.48	10 632.24	53.48	97.04	75.26	160.75	43.55
N₉₀	12 118.00	52.05	94.87	73.45	186.36	42.82	11 497.81	52.27	94.85	73.56	177.80	42.58
N₁₈₀	13 743.29	53.62	94.32	73.96	222.37	40.70	13 033.20	53.16	94.14	73.65	209.45	40.98
N₂₇₀	13 753.93	52.91	95.03	73.97	215.02	42.12	13 050.93	52.23	94.53	73.38	203.16	42.30
N₃₆₀	13 261.23	51.61	94.19	72.90	205.08	42.58	12 722.73	51.40	94.10	72.75	196.21	42.70
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate
H₁₅N₀	11 074.32	52.86	96.52	74.69	167.04	43.66	10 679.52	53.58	97.17	75.37	161.34	43.59
H₁₅N₉₀	12 220.69	52.10	94.60	73.35	189.36	42.50	11 722.68	52.54	95.11	73.82	181.34	42.57
H₁₅N₁₈₀	14 347.31	54.26	93.60	73.93	240.15	39.34	13 745.77	53.80	93.65	73.73	227.16	39.85
H₁₅N₂₇₀	13 833.63	52.83	95.17	74.00	215.18	42.34	13 103.52	52.09	94.63	73.36	202.87	42.54
H₁₅N₃₆₀	13 297.72	51.53	94.02	72.78	206.10	42.49	12 759.05	51.19	94.18	72.68	195.46	42.99
H₅N₀	10 769.92	51.65	94.92	73.29	163.91	43.27	10 584.99	53.39	96.91	75.15	160.17	43.52
H₅N₉₀	12 015.47	51.99	95.14	73.57	183.37	43.15	11 272.81	51.98	94.58	73.28	174.29	42.59
H₅N₁₈₀	13 133.51	52.92	95.07	73.99	205.20	42.15	12 316.05	52.44	94.66	73.55	192.13	42.21
H₅N₂₇₀	13 672.77	52.99	94.89	73.93	214.88	41.90	12 997.58	52.36	94.43	73.39	203.49	42.06
H₅N₃₆₀	13 225.80	51.68	94.37	73.02	204.06	42.68	12 684.84	51.61	94.01	72.81	196.99	42.41
平均 Average	12 762.49	52.51	94.81	73.66	198.69	42.30	12 199.83	52.47	95.10	73.78	188.49	42.62

表1

图2

附表 1

氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花干物质积累的影响"

处理 Treatment	2018							2019
处理 Treatment	15 d	30 d	45 d	60 d	75 d	90 d	105 d	15 d	30 d	45 d	60 d	75 d	90 d	105 d
施肥深度Depth
H₁₅	264.64 a	675.49 a	1 711.84 a	4 239.51 a	6 361.34 a	9 733.09 a	11 305.17 a	248.11 a	650.68 a	1 642.83 a	4 095.47 a	6 082.50 a	9 205.14 a	10 814.13 a
H₅	269.11 a	679.08 a	1 669.47 a	4 188.73 a	6 272.59 a	9 346.51 b	10 992.49 b	249.92 a	656.01 a	1 611.35 a	3 963.95 b	5 954.35 a	8 869.05 b	10 453.55 b
施氮量Nitrogen rate
N₀	264.81 a	580.88 e	1 449.58 e	3 581.64 d	5 525.12 d	7 875.53 d	9 542.31 d	247.67 a	567.69 e	1 372.97 e	3 247.90 d	5 135.60 c	7 330.48 d	9 132.46 d
N₉₀	266.33 a	639.83 d	1 627.57 d	4 074.54 c	6 123.12 c	8 956.50 c	10 632.91 c	248.11 a	617.23 d	1 570.67 d	3 788.37 c	5 758.36 b	8 514.92 c	10 052.99 c
N₁₈₀	266.57 a	684.69 c	1 725.37 c	4 362.10 b	6 603.49 b	10 477.08 a	11 986.14 a	249.02 a	661.44 c	1 681.28 c	4 206.04 b	6 366.44 a	9 934.39 a	11 401.40 a
N₂₇₀	268.04 a	722.53 b	1 805.01 b	4 433.12 b	6 757.05 a	10 256.72 b	11 988.54 a	249.53 a	696.47 b	1 729.81 b	4 425.67 a	6 468.94 a	9 741.35 ab	11 427.97 a
N₃₆₀	268.62 a	758.48 a	1 845.75 a	4 619.20 a	6 576.08 b	10 133.18 b	11 594.23 b	250.74 a	723.89 a	1 780.72 a	4 480.58 a	6 362.79 a	9 664.32 b	11 154.39 b
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate
H₁₅×N₀	262.08 b	581.22 e	1 449.72 f	3 487.32 f	5 521.59 f	7 901.39 f	9 605.78 e	246.71 a	566.06 f	1 376.05 e	3 247.15 e	5 138.64 e	7 308.02 e	9 160.96 e
H₁₅×N₉₀	264.33 ab	638.90 d	1 652.98 d	4 068.54 d	6 227.77 d	9 017.49 e	10 752.57 d	247.24 a	615.66 e	1 584.17 d	3 809.93 d	5 831.94 d	8 641.00 d	10 229.51 d
H₁₅×N₁₈₀	264.35 ab	681.45 c	1 756.78 c	4 433.59 b	6 829.34 ab	11 126.53 a	12 546.84 a	248.18 a	659.46 d	1 694.46 c	4 380.80 b	6 584.80 a	10 774.65 a	12 029.93 a
H₁₅×N₂₇₀	265.95 ab	720.27 b	1 814.10 b	4 558.37 a	6 660.26 bc	10 398.33 b	12 005.62 b	248.53 a	691.73 c	1 752.65 b	4 482.74 ab	6 489.72 ab	9 624.19 b	11 469.32 b
H₁₅×N₃₆₀	266.48 ab	755.59 a	1 885.63 a	4 649.76 a	6 567.79 c	10 221.71 bc	11 615.01 c	249.88 a	720.49 ab	1 806.80 a	4 556.74 a	6 367.42 b	9 677.85 b	11 180.94 b
H₅×N₀	267.54 ab	580.54 e	1 449.44 f	3 675.96 e	5 528.65 f	7 849.66 f	9 478.84 e	248.63 a	569.32 f	1 369.88 e	3 248.65 e	5 132.56 e	7 352.95 e	9 103.96 e
H₅×N₉₀	268.32 ab	640.76 d	1 602.15 e	4 080.55 d	6 018.46 e	8 895.50 e	10 513.26 d	248.98 a	618.81 e	1 557.16 d	3 766.81 d	5 684.77 d	8 388.84 d	9 876.48 d
H₅×N₁₈₀	268.78 ab	687.92 c	1 693.95 d	4 290.61 c	6 377.65 d	9 827.62 d	11 425.45 c	249.86 a	663.43 d	1 668.10 c	4 031.27 c	6 148.08 c	9 094.13 c	10 772.87 c
H₅×N₂₇₀	270.14 a	724.80 b	1 795.92 bc	4 307.87 c	6 853.83 a	10 115.11 c	11 971.46 b	250.53 a	701.20 bc	1 706.95 bc	4 368.61 b	6 448.17 ab	9 858.51 b	11 386.61 b
H₅×N₃₆₀	270.77 a	761.37 a	1 805.88 b	4 588.63 a	6 584.37 c	10 044.65 cd	11 573.45 c	251.60 a	727.28 a	1 754.64 b	4 404.43 b	6 358.15 b	9 650.79 b	11 127.84 bc
变异来源Source of variation
施肥深度Depth	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	*	*	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	**	*
施氮量 Nitrogen rate	ns	**	**	**	**	**	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**	**
施肥深度×施氮量Depth× Nitrogen rate	ns	ns	ns	**	**	**	**	ns	ns	ns	*	*	**	**

附表 1

表2

氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花干物质分配的影响"

处理 Treatment	2018		2019
处理 Treatment	营养器官干物质质量 Dry mass of vegetative organs	生殖器官干物质质量 Dry mass of reproductive organs	营养器官干物质质量 Dry mass of vegetative organs	生殖器官干物质质量 Dry mass of reproductive organs
施氮深度Depth
H₁₅	4 837.91 a（42.79）	6 467.25 a（57.21）	4 734.07 a（43.78）	6 080.06 a（56.22）
H₅	4 917.57 a（44.74）	6 074.92 b（55.26）	4 755.11 a（45.49）	5 698.44 b（54.51）
施氮量Nitrogen rate
N₀	4 458.27 c（46.72）	5 084.04 d（53.28）	4 301.60 d（47.10）	4 830.86 d（52.90）
N₉₀	4 711.53 b（44.31）	5 921.39 c（55.69）	4 484.15 c（44.61）	5 568.85 c（55.39）
N₁₈₀	5 024.75 a（41.92）	6 961.40 a（58.08）	4 896.19 b（42.94）	6 505.21 a（57.06）
N₂₇₀	5 092.20 a（42.48）	6 896.34 a（57.42）	4 911.04 b（42.97）	6 516.92 a（57.03）
N₃₆₀	5 101.95 a（44.00）	6 492.28 b（56.00）	5 129.98 a（45.99）	6 024.41 b（54.01）
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate
H₁₅N₀	4 457.49 e（46.40）	5 148.29 g（53.60）	4 296.03 g（46.90）	4 864.93 g（53.10）
H₁₅N₉₀	4 626.28 d（43.02）	6 126.29 e（56.98）	4 472.42 ef（43.72）	5 757.08 e（56.28）
H₁₅N₁₈₀	5 047.01 ab（40.23）	7 499.82 a（59.77）	5 035.85 b（41.86）	6 994.08 a（58.14）
H₁₅N₂₇₀	5 012.11 ab（41.75）	6 993.51 b（58.25）	4 860.79 cd（42.38）	6 608.52 b（57.63）
H₁₅N₃₆₀	5 046.65 ab（43.45）	6 568.36 d（56.55）	5 005.27 bc（44.77）	6 175.67 c（55.23）
H₅N₀	4 459.05 e（47.04）	5 019.79 g（52.96）	4 307.17 fg（47.31）	4 796.79 g（52.69）
H₅N₉₀	4 796.77 c（45.63）	5 716.48 f（54.37）	4 495.87 e（45.52）	5 380.61 f（54.48）
H₅N₁₈₀	5 002.48 b（43.78）	6 422.97 d（56.22）	4 756.53 d（44.15）	6 016.34 cd（55.85）
H₅N₂₇₀	5 172.29 a（43.21）	6 799.17 c（56.80）	4 961.29 bc（43.57）	6 425.33 b（56.43）
H₅N₃₆₀	5 157.26 ab（44.56）	6 416.19 d（55.44）	5 254.69 a（47.22）	5 873.15 de（52.78）
变异来源 Source of variation
施肥深度Depth	ns	**	ns	*
施氮量 Nitrogen rate	**	**	**	**
施肥深度×施氮量 Depth×Nitrogen rate	**	**	**	**

表2

表3

图3

附表 2

氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花氮素积累的影响"

处理 Treatment	2018							2019
处理 Treatment	15 d	30 d	45 d	60 d	75 d	90 d	105 d	15 d	30 d	45 d	60 d	75 d	90 d	105 d
施肥深度Depth
H₁₅	5.48 a	10.34 a	30.11 a	74.48 a	116.79 a	171.31 a	203.67 a	5.06 a	9.86 b	28.84 a	72.83 a	111.19 a	163.26 a	193.62 a
H₅	5.41 a	10.36 a	29.23 a	74.22 a	114.94 a	164.03 b	196.03 b	4.98 b	9.99 a	28.24 b	70.55 b	109.90 a	158.18 b	189.26 b
施氮量Nitrogen rate
N₀	5.15 c	9.21 e	25.38 e	64.34 d	96.95 e	137.51 e	163.34 e	4.80 a	8.97 d	24.14 e	60.60 e	90.21 d	133.51 e	156.52 e
N₉₀	5.34 b	9.90 d	27.88 d	69.65 c	110.13 d	162.07 d	192.86 d	4.94 a	9.42 c	27.04 d	68.59 d	103.09 c	154.56 d	181.68 d
N₁₈₀	5.56 a	10.52 c	30.25 c	77.40 b	120.48 c	172.71 c	206.87 c	5.13 a	10.18 b	29.44 c	73.23 c	117.51 b	165.98 c	200.65 c
N₂₇₀	5.58 a	10.89 b	31.61 b	80.01 a	124.30 b	186.23 a	220.23 a	5.07 a	10.47 a	30.39 b	76.84 b	120.97 a	177.07 a	211.59 a
N₃₆₀	5.60 a	11.23 a	33.23 a	80.34 a	127.46 a	179.84 b	215.96 b	5.17 a	10.59 a	31.69 a	79.17 a	120.93 a	172.47 b	206.77 b
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate
H₁₅×N₀	5.10 c	9.23 fg	25.43 g	64.06 d	96.87 e	137.66 e	163.70 d	4.77 f	8.93 f	24.42 g	61.17 f	90.31 e	132.72 e	155.36 f
H₁₅×N₉₀	5.30 abc	9.91 de	28.39 f	70.18 c	112.16 d	165.70 c	197.74 b	4.91d ef	9.34 e	27.29 f	71.29 d	103.87 d	158.73 c	184.72 d
H₁₅×N₁₈₀	5.52 ab	10.47 cde	30.73 de	78.06 b	122.90 b	183.53 ab	218.25 a	5.10 abc	10.15 d	29.69 de	74.55 c	118.44 bc	173.91 ab	207.99 ab
H₁₅×N₂₇₀	5.56 ab	10.86 abc	32.01 bc	79.87 a	124.52 ab	188.64 a	222.58 a	5.00 bcd	10.39 bcd	30.74 bc	76.26 b	122.03 a	177.18 a	212.75 a
H₁₅×N₃₆₀	5.57 ab	11.22 ab	34.01 a	80.24 a	127.46 a	180.99 b	216.08 a	5.13 ab	10.48 abc	32.05 a	80.87 a	121.30 ab	173.75 ab	207.28 b
H₅×N₀	5.20 bc	9.20 g	25.34 g	64.63 d	97.04 e	137.37 e	162.98 d	4.82 ef	9.01 f	23.84 g	60.02 f	90.12 e	134.30 e	157.67 f
H₅×N₉₀	5.37 abc	9.89 ef	27.37 f	69.11 c	108.09 d	158.43 d	187.97 c	4.97 cde	9.49 e	26.79 f	65.90 e	102.32 d	150.39 d	178.64 e
H₅×N₁₈₀	5.59 a	10.57 bcd	29.78 e	76.75 b	118.06 c	161.89 cd	195.49 bc	5.17 a	10.20 cd	29.19 e	71.92 d	116.57 c	158.05 c	193.31 c
H₅×N₂₇₀	5.60 a	10.92 abc	31.21 cd	80.16 a	124.07 ab	183.81 ab	217.88 a	5.14 ab	10.55 ab	30.03 cd	77.43 b	119.91 ab	176.97 a	210.43 ab
H₅×N₃₆₀	5.64 a	11.25 a	32.44 b	80.43 a	127.45 a	178.69 b	215.83 a	5.21 a	10.69 a	31.33 ab	77.47 b	120.56 ab	171.19 b	206.26 b
变异来源Source of variation
施肥深度Depth	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	*	*	*	**	**	ns	**	*
施氮量 Nitrogen rate	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
施肥深度× 施氮量Depth× Nitrogen rate	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	**	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	**	**

附表 2

表4

氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花氮素分配的影响（kg·hm-2）"

处理 Treatment	2018		2019
处理 Treatment	营养器官干物质质量 Dry mass of vegetative organs	生殖器官干物质质量 Dry mass of reproductive organs	营养器官干物质质量 Dry mass of vegetative organs	生殖器官干物质质量 Dry mass of reproductive organs
施氮深度Depth
H₁₅	86.81 a（42.62）	116.86 a（57.38）	85.74 b（44.28）	107.88 a（55.72）
H₅	85.87 b（43.81）	110.16 b（56.19）	86.63 a（45.77）	102.63 b（54.23）
施氮量Nitrogen rate
N₀	74.91 e（45.86）	88.43 d（54.14）	74.38 e（47.52）	82.13 d（52.48）
N₉₀	83.47 d（43.28）	109.38 c（56.72）	83.40 d（45.90）	98.28 c（54.10）
N₁₈₀	85.77 c（41.46）	121.10 b（58.54）	86.26 c（42.99）	114.39 b（57.01）
N₂₇₀	92.31 b（41.91）	127.92 a（58.09）	92.28 b（43.61）	119.31 a（56.39）
N₃₆₀	95.25 a（44.11）	120.71 b（55.89）	94.60 a（45.75）	112.17 b（54.25）
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate
H₁₅N₀	74.37 e（45.43）	89.33 f（54.57）	72.71 f（46.80）	82.65 f（53.20）
H₁₅N₉₀	84.14 d（42.55）	113.60 d（57.45）	83.53 d（45.22）	101.19 d（54.78）
H₁₅N₁₈₀	88.68 c（40.63）	129.57 a（59.37）	87.48 c（42.06）	120.51 a（57.94）
H₁₅N₂₇₀	93.15 b（41.85）	129.43 a（58.15）	92.69 b（43.57）	120.06 a（56.43）
H₁₅N₃₆₀	93.71 ab（43.37）	122.37 bc（56.63）	92.28 b（44.52）	115.00 b（55.48）
H₅N₀	75.45 e（46.29）	87.54 f（53.71）	76.06 e（48.24）	81.62 f（51.76）
H₅N₉₀	82.81 d（44.05）	105.17 e（55.95）	83.27 d（46.61）	95.37 e（53.39）
H₅N₁₈₀	82.85 d（42.38）	112.64 d（57.62）	85.04 cd（43.99）	108.27 c（56.01）
H₅N₂₇₀	91.47 bc（41.98）	126.42 ab（58.02）	91.87 b（43.66）	118.56 ab（56.34）
H₅N₃₆₀	96.79 a（44.84）	119.04 c（55.16）	96.92 a（46.99）	109.34 c（53.01）
变异来源 Source of variation
施肥深度Depth	*	*	*	*
施氮量 Nitrogen rate	**	**	**	**
施肥深度×施氮量 Depth×Nitrogen rate	**	**	**	**

表4

表5

表6

氮肥施用深度及用量对棉花产量及其构成因素的影响"

处理 Treatment	2018				2019
处理 Treatment	总成铃数 Boll number/(×10⁴·hm^-2 )	铃重 Boll weight/g	衣分 Lint percentage/%	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/(kg·hm^-2 )	总成铃数 Boll number/(×10⁴·hm^-2 )	铃重 Boll weight/g	衣分 Lint percentage/%	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/(kg·hm^-2 )
施肥深度Depth
H₁₅	79.20 a	4.96 a	40.98 a	3 331.24 a	75.60 a	4.82 a	40.77 a	3 092.60 a
H₅	75.65 a	4.91 b	40.65 a	3 169.75 b	73.40 a	4.78 b	40.62 a	2 987.76 b
施氮量Nitrogen rate
N₀	68.00 c	4.83 c	40.67 a	2 735.18 d	65.75 d	4.67 c	40.37 a	2 578.44 c
N₉₀	76.38 b	4.91 b	40.96 a	3 154.36 c	72.75 c	4.75 bc	40.42 a	2 939.39 b
N₁₈₀	82.63 a	5.00 a	40.97 a	3 534.47 a	78.50 a	4.85 ab	41.02 a	3 243.30 a
N₂₇₀	82.63 a	5.00 a	40.74 a	3 551.64 a	79.50 a	4.90 a	40.91 a	3 285.37 a
N₃₆₀	77.50 b	4.95 ab	40.74 a	3 276.82 b	76.00 b	4.84 ab	40.78 a	3 154.42 a
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate
H₁₅N₀	67.50 f	4.83 e	40.81 a	2 729.20 e	65.00 e	4.66 c	40.26 a	2 565.50 e
H₁₅N₉₀	78.50 cd	4.93 cd	41.16 a	3 219.85 cd	74.25 cd	4.77 abc	40.67 a	3 003.19 cd
H₁₅N₁₈₀	88.75 a	5.04 a	40.87 a	3 802.25 a	82.25 a	4.92 a	41.08 a	3 424.06 a
H₁₅N₂₇₀	83.25 ab	5.02 ab	40.99 a	3 567.66 b	80.25 a	4.91 a	41.00 a	3 306.57 ab
H₁₅N₃₆₀	78.00 cde	5.00 abc	41.08 a	3 337.26 c	76.25 bc	4.84 ab	40.84 a	3 163.71b c
H₅N₀	68.50 f	4.82 e	40.53 a	2 741.16 e	66.50 e	4.67 c	40.47 a	2 591.38 e
H₅N₉₀	74.25 e	4.89 de	40.76 a	3 088.87 d	71.25 d	4.72 bc	40.16 a	2 875.60 d
H₅N₁₈₀	76.50 de	4.95 bcd	41.07 a	3 266.70 c	74.75 cd	4.79 abc	40.97 a	3 062.54 c
H₅N₂₇₀	82.00 bc	4.98 abc	40.49 a	3 535.61 b	78.75 ab	4.88 a	40.81 a	3 264.17 ab
H₅N₃₆₀	77.00 de	4.90 d	40.40 a	3 216.39 cd	75.75 bc	4.84 ab	40.71 a	3 145.13 bc
变异来源Source of variation
施肥深度Depth	ns	*	ns	*	ns	*	ns	*
施氮量 Nitrogen rate	**	**	ns	**	**	**	ns	**
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate	**	*	ns	**	**	*	ns	*

表6

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处理 Treatment	2018						2019
处理 Treatment	Y_m/(kg· hm^-2 )	t₁/d	t₂/d	t_m/d	v_m/(kg· hm^-2·d^-1)	t/d	Y_m/(kg· hm^-2 )	t₁/d	t₂/d	t_m/d	v_m/(kg· hm^-2·d^-1)	t/d
施氮深度Depth
H₁₅	230.99	52.89	94.35	73.62	3.67	41.45	220.20	52.08	93.54	72.81	3.50	41.46
H₅	219.12	52.49	94.10	73.29	3.47	41.61	213.80	52.39	94.11	73.25	3.37	41.73
施氮量Nitrogen rate
N₀	182.92	51.19	93.03	72.11	2.88	41.85	177.61	51.84	94.01	72.92	2.77	42.17
N₉₀	219.10	53.17	94.53	73.85	3.49	41.36	206.69	52.63	94.37	73.50	3.26	41.75
N₁₈₀	232.61	52.38	93.72	73.05	3.71	41.34	225.57	52.57	93.92	73.25	3.59	41.35
N₂₇₀	250.96	53.42	94.68	74.05	4.01	41.27	239.81	53.13	94.43	73.78	3.82	41.30
N₃₆₀	242.13	52.04	93.47	72.75	3.85	41.43	232.46	51.89	93.72	72.80	3.66	41.83
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate
H₁₅N₀	183.69	51.32	93.26	72.29	2.88	41.94	182.13	51.05	92.80	71.93	2.87	41.74
H₁₅N₉₀	225.25	53.51	94.86	74.18	3.59	41.35	212.94	52.81	94.17	73.49	3.39	41.36
H₁₅N₁₈₀	248.56	53.62	94.78	74.20	3.98	41.16	216.20	50.99	92.27	71.63	3.45	41.28
H₁₅N₂₇₀	254.43	53.67	94.93	74.30	4.06	41.26	247.47	53.16	94.42	73.79	3.95	41.26
H₁₅N₃₆₀	242.54	51.99	93.42	72.70	3.86	41.43	241.73	52.09	93.53	72.81	3.84	41.44
H₅N₀	175.28	51.32	93.42	72.37	2.74	42.10	179.91	52.35	94.56	73.45	2.81	42.21
H₅N₉₀	210.20	52.57	94.18	73.37	3.33	41.60	203.20	52.68	94.59	73.64	3.19	41.91
H₅N₁₈₀	236.12	53.39	94.61	74.00	3.77	41.22	214.81	51.69	93.05	72.37	3.42	41.37
H₅N₂₇₀	241.10	53.23	94.53	73.88	3.85	41.30	238.51	53.03	94.33	73.68	3.80	41.30
H₅N₃₆₀	232.55	51.61	93.40	72.51	3.66	41.79	232.37	52.16	94.03	73.10	3.66	41.87
平均 Average	225.62	52.49	93.96	73.23	3.58	41.47	216.46	52.44	94.11	73.27	3.42	41.67

处理 Treatment	2018				2019
处理 Treatment	表观利用率 Apparent utilization/%	农学利用率Agronomic utilization/(kg·kg^-1)	偏生产力Partial productivity /(kg·kg^-1)	氮素生产效率Production efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)	表观利用率 Apparent utilization/%	农学利用率Agronomic utilization/(kg·kg^-1)	偏生产力Partial productivity /(kg·kg^-1)	氮素生产效率Production efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)
施肥深度Depth
H₁₅	26.13 a	4.19 a	19.98 a	16.43 a	24.38 a	3.51 a	18.36 a	16.01 a
H₅	20.22 b	2.77 a	18.63 b	16.23 a	19.02 a	2.45 a	17.44 b	15.83 a
施氮量Nitrogen rate
N₀				16.76 ab				16.47 a
N₉₀	32.79 a	4.94 a	35.32 a	16.49 ab	27.96 a	4.01 a	32.66 a	16.18 ab
N₁₈₀	24.18 b	4.47 a	19.66 b	17.10 a	24.52 a	3.69 ab	18.02 b	16.15 ab
N₂₇₀	21.07 c	3.02 b	13.15 c	16.15 b	20.40 b	2.62 bc	12.17 c	15.53 bc
N₃₆₀	14.62 d	1.50 c	9.10 d	15.18 c	13.96 c	1.60 c	8.76 d	15.25 c
施肥深度×施氮量Depth×Nitrogen rate
H₁₅N₀				16.68 ab				16.52 a
H₁₅N₉₀	37.82 a	6.01 a	36.33 a	16.53 abc	32.62 a	4.86 a	33.37 a	16.26 ab
H₁₅N₁₈₀	30.31 b	5.96 a	21.12 c	17.42 a	29.24 a	4.77 ab	19.02 c	16.46 a
H₁₅N₂₇₀	21.81 c	3.11 bc	13.21 e	16.03 bc	21.26 ab	2.74 bc	12.25 e	15.55 ab
H₁₅N₃₆₀	14.55 d	1.69 bc	9.27 f	15.45 cd	14.42 b	1.66 c	8.79 f	15.26 b
H₅N₀				16.83 ab				16.44 a
H₅N₉₀	27.76 b	3.86 ab	34.32 b	16.44 abc	23.30 ab	3.16 abc	31.95 b	16.10 ab
H₅N₁₈₀	18.06 cd	2.98 bc	18.20 d	16.77 ab	19.80 ab	2.62 c	17.01 d	15.84 ab
H₅N₂₇₀	20.33c	2.94 bc	13.09 e	16.26 bc	19.54 ab	2.49 c	12.09 e	15.52 ab
H₅N₃₆₀	14.68 d	1.32 c	8.93 f	14.90 d	13.50 b	1.54 c	8.74 f	15.25 b
变异来源Source of variation
施肥深度 Depth	*	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
施氮量 Nitrogen rate	**	**	**	**	*	**	**	*
施肥深度×施氮量Depth× Nitrogen rate	**	**	**	*	**	**	**	*