新疆石河子及周边地区棉花根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性

doi:10.11963/cs20210055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】丛枝菌根是陆地生态系统中普遍存在的植物根系与丛枝菌根真菌的共生体,能有效提高植物的抗逆性。棉花是新疆盐碱地种植的主要经济作物。为研究和利用新疆丛枝菌根资源,对新疆石河子及其周边棉花种植区丛枝菌根真菌的种类和数量进行了普查。【方法】采集新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市（北泉镇）及其周边的塔城地区沙湾县（柳毛湾镇、老沙湾镇、钟家庄镇）和昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县（十户滩镇）共50份土样,通过单个孢子的形态学鉴定和分子鉴定（巢式聚合酶链式反应）对丛枝菌根真菌多样性进行分析。【结果】从新疆石河子及周边地区棉花根际土壤中分离出4属6种丛枝菌根真菌,以类球囊霉属（Paraglomus）为优势属。石河子市北泉镇的丛枝菌根真菌物种丰富度最高,沙湾县柳毛湾镇和钟家庄镇的种类组成和结构相似。【结论】明确了新疆石河子以及周边地区棉花根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的种类。该研究为充分利用和开发特色丛枝菌根资源奠定了基础。

关键词: 棉花; 丛枝菌根真菌; 多样性; 单孢鉴定; 巢式聚合酶链式反应

Abstract:

[Objective] Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are symbols of plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that are ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems, which can effectively improve the drought resistance and salt tolerance of plants. Cotton is a major cash crop grown in saline lands in Xinjiang. In order to study and utilize the AMF resources of Xinjiang, a census was conducted on the species and population of AMF in cotton growing areas in Shihezi and surrounding areas of Xinjiang. [Method] Fifty soil samples were collected from three cities/counties in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the diversity of AMF was analyzed by morphological and molecular identification (Nested polymerase chain reaction). [Result] There are six species of four genera AMF isolated from the rhizasphere soil of Shihezi and surrounding areas, with Paraglomus as the dominant genera. The highest species diversity of AMF was found in Beiquan Town of Shihezi City, and the species composition and structure were similar in Liumaowan Town, Zhongjiazhuang Town, and Shawan County. [Conclusion] The species of AMF isolated from the rhizasphere soil of Shihezi and surrounding areas was determined. The study provides a theoretical basis for the full utilization and exploitation of the characteristic AMF resources of cotton in Xinjiang.

Key words: cotton; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; diversity; single spore identification; nested polymerase chain reaction

陈凯丽,田秋恒,刘志洋,王海,熊杰,雷勇辉,孙燕飞. 新疆石河子及周边地区棉花根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(1): 69-78.

Chen Kaili,Tian Qiuheng,Liu Zhiyang,Wang Hai,Xiong Jie,Lei Yonghui,Sun Yanfei. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cotton rhizosphere soil in Shihezi and surrounding areas, Xinjiang[J]. Cotton Science, 2022, 34(1): 69-78.

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链接本文: https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/cs20210055

https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2022/V34/I1/69

图/表 7

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表5

新疆石河子及周边地区棉花根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性"

样品编号 Sample number	孢子密度 Spore density	物种丰富度 Species richness	香农-维纳多样性指数Shannon- Wiener 's diversity index	均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	样品编号 Sample number	孢子密度 Spore density	物种丰富度 Species richness	香农-维纳多样性指数Shannon- Wiener 's diversity index	均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
SHZ1	609	5	1.45±0.14	0.90±0.09	CJ6	427	3	1.03±0.03	0.94±0.03
SHZ2	1 380	5	1.42±0.05	0.88±0.03	CJ7	764	5	1.41±0.01	0.88±0.01
SHZ3	748	5	1.31±0.07	0.81±0.04	CJ8	520	3	0.91±0.07	0.83±0.07
SHZ4	1 278	5	1.34±0.08	0.84±0.05	CJ9	597	3	0.73±0.17	0.67±0.16
SHZ5	1 163	4	1.24±0.08	0.89±0.06	CJ10	615	3	0.98±0.06	0.89±0.05
SHZ6	1 123	5	1.45±0.07	0.90±0.04	LSW1	757	5	1.43±0.05	0.89±0.03
SHZ7	677	5	1.36±0.13	0.85±0.08	LSW2	737	4	1.21±0.08	0.87±0.06
SHZ8	543	5	1.33±0.15	0.83±0.09	LSW3	656	4	1.11±0.15	0.80±0.11
SHZ9	398	5	1.01±0.42	0.63±0.26	LSW4	972	4	1.15±0.07	0.83±0.05
SHZ10	433	4	1.02±0.19	0.74±0.13	LSW5	1 466	4	1.24±0.02	0.90±0.01
LMW1	284	4	0.89±0.13	0.64±0.10	LSW6	1 280	4	1.28±0.05	0.92±0.03
LMW2	669	5	1.15±0.26	0.72±0.16	LSW7	1 854	5	1.50±0.01	0.93±0.04
LMW3	453	3	0.99±0.03	0.90±0.03	LSW8	981	5	1.14±0.29	0.71±0.18
LMW4	453	3	0.86±0.14	0.78±0.12	LSW9	617	5	0.95±0.21	0.59±0.13
LMW5	613	5	1.07±0.20	0.67±0.12	LSW10	513	3	0.98±0.04	0.90±0.04
LMW6	628	5	1.06±0.17	0.66±0.10	ZJZ1	727	4	1.25±0.05	0.90±0.04
LMW7	1 023	5	1.35±0.06	0.84±0.04	ZJZ2	557	3	0.99±0.06	0.90±0.05
LMW8	871	5	1.36±0.02	0.85±0.01	ZJZ3	762	4	1.21±0.05	0.88±0.04
LMW9	761	5	1.25±0.14	0.78±0.09	ZJZ4	1 633	4	1.27±0.02	0.92±0.02
LMW10	567	4	1.26±0.09	0.91±0.07	ZJZ5	653	5	1.22±0.10	0.76±0.07
CJ1	573	5	1.37±0.09	0.85±0.05	ZJZ6	357	3	0.91±0.07	0.83±0.06
CJ2	508	5	1.34±0.09	0.83±0.06	ZJZ7	546	3	0.93±0.08	0.85±0.07
CJ3	632	3	0.90±0.06	0.82±0.05	ZJZ8	718	3	1.05±0.06	0.96±0.05
CJ4	737	4	1.19±0.04	0.86±0.03	SYL1	1 973	5	1.33±0.05	0.83±0.03
CJ5	377	3	0.94±0.03	0.86±0.03	SYL2	854	4	1.13±0.15	0.82±0.11

表5

参考文献 31

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样品编号 Sample number	采样地 Sampling sites	经纬度 Latitude and longitude
SHZ1~SHZ10	石河子市北泉镇新疆生产建设兵团第八师145团 145th Regiment, 8th Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi City, Beiquan Town	86°2′14″E,44°33′79″N
LMW1~LMW10	塔城地区沙湾县柳毛湾镇 Liumaowan Town, Shawan County, Tacheng Prefecture	85°89′26″E,44°55′63″N
CJ1~CJ10	昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县十户滩镇新疆生产建设兵团第八师147团 147th Regiment, 8th Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihutan Town, Manas County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture	86°8′57″E,44°58′95″N
LSW1~LSW10	塔城地区沙湾县老沙湾镇 Laoshawan Town, Shawan County, Tacheng Prefecture	85°75′82″E,44°69′95″N
ZJZ1~ZJZ8	塔城地区沙湾县钟家庄镇新疆生产建设兵团第八师144团 144th Regiment, 8th Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Zhongjiazhuang Town, Shawan County, Tacheng Prefecture	85°68′52″E,44°52′87″N
SYL1~SYL2	塔城地区沙湾县新疆生产建设兵团第八师144团十一连 11th Company, 144th Regiment, 8th Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shawan County, Tacheng Prefecture	85°71′79″E,44°52′94″N

参数 Parameters	公式和定义 Formula and definition
孢子密度Spore density （SD）	每50 g风干土壤中的孢子数 Number of spores per 50 g of dried soil
物种丰富度Species richness （SR）	每个土壤样品中的AMF种类数 Number of AMF species in each soil sample
分离频率Isolation frequency （IF）	某种出现次数占所有物种出现次数的比例 Proportion of occurrences of a species to the sum of occurrences of all species
相对多度Relative abundance （RA）	某采样点AMF某种的孢子数占总孢子数的比例 The proportion of spore number of some kinds of AMF at a sampling site to the total number of spores
重要值Importance value （IV）	IV=(IF+RA)/2
香农-维纳多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index （H）	H=-$\sum$P_ilnP_i
均匀度指数Pielou evenness index （E）	E=H/lnSR

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence（5′-3′）	片段大小 Fragment size/bp	目标区域 Target region	参考文献 Reference
NS1	GTAGTCATATGCTTGTCTC	1 100	SSU	[11]
NS4	CTTCCGTCAATTCCTTTAAG		SSU	[11]
AML1	ATCAACTTTCGATGGTAGGATAGA	800	SSU	[11]
AML2	GAACCCAAACACTTTGGTTTCC		SSU	[11]
AMV4.5NF	AAGCTCGTAGTTGAATTTCG	300	SSU	[12]
AMDGR	CCCAACTATCCCTATTAATCAT		SSU	[12]

属 Genus	种 Species	分离频率 Isolation frequency/%	相对多度 Relative abundance/%	重要值 Important value/%	优势度 Advantageousness
球囊霉属 Glomus	单孢球囊霉 G. monosporum	88.00	18.08	53.04	常见种 Common species
	明球囊霉 G. clarum	88.00	17.65	52.82	常见种 Common species
	卷曲球囊霉 G. convolutum	18.00	3.67	10.84	偶见种 Occasional species
无梗囊霉属 Acaulospora	凹坑无梗囊霉 A. excavata	94.00	35.77	64.89	最常见种 The most common species
类球囊霉属 Paraglomus	巴西类球囊霉 P. brasilianum	52.00	12.65	32.32	少见种 Rare species
双型囊霉属 Ambispora	薄壁双型囊霉 A. leptoticha	84.00	12.18	48.09	常见种 Common species