化学打顶对南疆棉花干物质积累与分配的影响

doi:10.11963/cs20210048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究化学打顶剂剂量对棉花干物质积累和分配的影响。【方法】以南疆棉区3个陆地棉品种（新陆中37号、新陆早77号和新陆中82号）为试验材料,采用两因素裂区试验设计,主区为4个打顶处理（75、105、135 g·hm^-2甲哌钅翁打顶剂处理和人工打顶处理）,副区为品种,研究化学打顶剂对南疆干旱区棉花干物质积累、分配的影响。【结果】药后7~28 d,75 g·hm^-2打顶剂处理的棉花营养器官干物质质量最低,比105 g·hm^-2、135 g·hm^-2打顶剂处理及人工打顶处理的低2.91%~31.12%;在75 g·hm^-2和105 g·hm^-2打顶剂处理下,药后42 d的棉花生殖器官干物质积累量比人工打顶处理的分别高9.18%、13.93%;75 g·hm^-2处理下,新陆中37号、新陆早77号、新陆中82号的籽棉产量分别比人工打顶处理的高8.64%、4.54%、18.56%。【结论】75 g·hm^-2甲哌钅翁处理对营养器官的抑制效果更明显,能有效提高棉花产量;打顶剂剂量与棉花品种的互作效应显著或极显著影响棉花营养器官干物质积累。

关键词: 化学打顶剂; 棉花; 干物质积累; 南疆; 干旱地区

Abstract:

[Objective] This study aims to analyze the effects of chemical topping on cotton dry matter accumulation and distribution. [Method] Three upland cotton varieties (Xinluzhong 37, Xinluzao 77, and Xinluzhong 82) were selected as the experimental materials. A two-factor split plot design was adopted, taking four topping treatment (75, 105, 135 g·hm^-2 mepiquat chloride, and manual topping) in the main plot, three cotton varieties in the secondary plot, to study the effects of the chemical topping on dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton in the arid area of Southern Xinjiang. [Result] The 75 g·hm^-2 mepiquat chloride treated plants had the lowest total dry weight of vegetative organs at 7-28 days after the treatment, which was 2.91%-31.12% lower than that of 105 g·hm^-2, 135 g·hm^-2 treatment and manual topping. The dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs of 75 g·hm^-2 and 105 g·hm^-2 chemical topping treatments were 9.18% and 13.93% higher than that of manual topping at 42 days after treatment, respectively. Under 75 g·hm^-2 treatment, the yield of Xinluzhong 37, Xinluzao 77, and Xinluzhong 82 was 8.64%, 4.54% and 18.56% higher than that of manual topping, respectively. [Conclusion] Applying of 75 g·hm^-2 mepiquat chloride had more obvious inhibition effect on dry matter mass of vegetative organs and could effectively increase cotton yield. There was significant or extremely significant interaction between chemical topping dosage and cotton varieties on dry matter accumulation in cotton vegetative organs.

Key words: chemical topping agent; cotton; dry matter accumulation; Southern Xinjiang; arid area

胡宇凯,赵书珍,董红强,魏永海,田玉刚,陈佳林,董合林,马小艳,冯璐,翟云龙,陈国栋. 化学打顶对南疆棉花干物质积累与分配的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(3): 247-255.

Hu Yukai,Zhao Shuzhen,Dong Hongqiang,Wei Yonghai,Tian Yugang,Chen Jialin,Dong Helin,Ma Xiaoyan,Feng Lu,Zhai Yunlong,Chen Guodong. Effects of chemical topping on dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Cotton Science, 2022, 34(3): 247-255.

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链接本文: https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/cs20210048

https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2022/V34/I3/247

图/表 5

图1

附表1

各处理营养器官干物质和生殖器官干物质质量"

药后时间 Time after treatment	浓度 Concentration	品种 Cultivar	根Root/g	茎Stems/g	叶Leaf/g
7 d	A1	XLZ 37	3.11	16.81	16.76
		XLZ 77	3.12	15.91	15.89
		XLZ 82	2.54	13.11	11.13
	A2	XLZ 37	3.14	18.60	18.38
		XLZ 77	5.67	20.37	22.44
		XLZ 82	4.81	28.44	20.97
	A3	XLZ 37	3.04	15.54	19.47
		XLZ 77	4.03	19.18	20.17
		XLZ 82	3.50	25.74	24.19
	CK	XLZ 37	4.75	21.27	20.88
		XLZ 77	2.88	13.56	14.31
		XLZ 82	4.49	18.74	24.69
14 d	A1	XLZ 37	3.70	19.46	21.85
		XLZ 77	3.11	12.05	14.52
		XLZ 82	4.82	24.05	21.82
	A2	XLZ 37	3.94	19.96	18.81
		XLZ 77	3.99	17.20	15.80
		XLZ 82	4.27	24.50	20.86
	A3	XLZ 37	3.57	18.01	16.15
		XLZ 77	4.08	18.54	18.79
		XLZ 82	3.77	22.19	19.33
	CK	XLZ 37	5.09	20.97	20.90
		XLZ 77	4.65	16.21	16.34
		XLZ 82	4.31	27.63	24.19
21 d	A1	XLZ 37	4.46	17.27	18.92
		XLZ 77	3.69	15.60	18.34
		XLZ 82	3.96	19.79	15.09
	A2	XLZ 37	4.40	18.95	18.70
		XLZ 77	3.91	15.74	17.02
		XLZ 82	4.78	24.56	26.36
	A3	XLZ 37	3.72	12.95	14.75
		XLZ 77	3.84	16.55	14.40
		XLZ 82	4.16	22.39	18.59
	CK	XLZ 37	4.53	15.18	16.03
		XLZ 77	3.76	14.55	16.92
		XLZ 82	4.16	22.39	18.59
28 d	A1	XLZ 37	4.55	16.69	17.98
		XLZ 77	3.21	11.15	12.44
		XLZ 82	4.61	25.83	21.98
	A2	XLZ 37	5.27	21.43	20.48
		XLZ 77	5.58	16.12	16.85
		XLZ 82	5.03	20.52	17.18
	A3	XLZ 37	6.02	18.56	19.10
		XLZ 77	4.58	16.24	15.96
		XLZ 82	4.33	20.33	19.46
	CK	XLZ 37	3.94	14.73	15.55
		XLZ 77	4.10	16.12	17.99
		XLZ 82	5.13	25.13	19.30
35 d	A1	XLZ 37	4.77	22.89	22.60
		XLZ 77	8.05	32.37	26.59
		XLZ 82	3.80	23.36	15.24
	A2	XLZ 37	4.60	17.94	18.96
		XLZ 77	6.24	18.80	17.23
		XLZ 82	3.82	18.66	14.09
	A3	XLZ 37	4.80	22.95	14.00
		XLZ 77	3.18	18.08	15.80
		XLZ 82	3.41	21.54	16.04
	CK	XLZ 37	5.73	26.09	22.47
		XLZ 77	5.86	25.12	23.95
		XLZ 82	3.10	19.65	12.99
42 d	A1	XLZ 37	4.85	20.67	18.81
		XLZ 77	11.17	39.65	40.09
		XLZ 82	4.70	27.24	22.14
	A2	XLZ 37	5.43	25.09	21.60
		XLZ 77	5.40	22.91	19.84
		XLZ 82	8.68	31.63	31.10
	A3	XLZ 37	4.60	20.25	18.40
		XLZ 77	5.62	19.48	17.43
		XLZ 82	5.69	38.00	27.71
	CK	XLZ 37	4.32	23.52	18.67
		XLZ 77	3.95	15.40	16.85
		XLZ 82	4.57	30.06	19.61

附表1

图2

附表2

各处理生殖器官干物质质量"

药后时间Time after treatment	浓度Concentration	品种Cultivar	蕾Square/g	花Flower/g	铃Boll/g
7 d	A1	XLZ 37	2.94	0.15	2.25
		XLZ 77	3.72	0.75	4.07
		XLZ 82	1.9	0.22	1.6
	A2	XLZ 37	2.67	0.69	1.47
		XLZ 77	3.35	0.4	3.03
		XLZ 82	3.22	0.36	2.37
	A3	XLZ 37	2.07	0.4	1.5
		XLZ 77	2.92	0.4	9.57
		XLZ 82	3.66	0.69	6.25
	CK	XLZ 37	2.61	0.58	3.98
		XLZ 77	3.23	0.3	3.4
		XLZ 82	3.38	0.54	2.2
14 d	A1	XLZ 37	2.28	0.63	10.79
		XLZ 77	2.46	0.47	12.4
		XLZ 82	2.32	0.84	12.83
	A2	XLZ 37	2.22	0.66	8.57
		XLZ 77	1.61	0.28	13.61
		XLZ 82	3.49	0.51	7.97
	A3	XLZ 37	2.35	0.59	7.1
		XLZ 77	1.58	0.38	18.5
		XLZ 82	2.35	0.35	8.34
	CK	XLZ 37	3.2	0.47	9.47
		XLZ 77	1.42	0.92	20.46
		XLZ 82	2.75	0.64	15.89
21 d	A1	XLZ 37	0.76	0	15.22
		XLZ 77	3.38	0.31	15.34
		XLZ 82	2.1	0.33	15.83
	A2	XLZ 37	0.75	0.4	24.76
		XLZ 77	0.24	0.13	23.48
		XLZ 82	2.16	0.7	25.67
	A3	XLZ 37	0.61	0.15	13.91
		XLZ 77	0.95	0	17.72
		XLZ 82	0.81	0.34	24.84
	CK	XLZ 37	1.1	0.16	19.99
		XLZ 77	0.9	0.13	20.29
		XLZ 82	0.81	0.34	24.84
28 d	A1	XLZ 37	0.39	0.49	27.06
		XLZ 77	0.77	0.68	17.67
		XLZ 82	0	1.41	39.93
	A2	XLZ 37	0.35	0.35	33.28
		XLZ 77	0.1	0	29.59
		XLZ 82	1.03	0.57	18.05
	A3	XLZ 37	0.54	0	28.55
		XLZ 77	0.3	0	24.61
		XLZ 82	1.4	0.55	21.52
	CK	XLZ 37	0.05	0.19	25.52
		XLZ 77	9.05	0.33	27.93
		XLZ 82	0.24	0.4	33.43
35 d	A1	XLZ 37	0.03	0.26	46.15
		XLZ 77	0.8	0.64	57.74
		XLZ 82	1.01	0.48	27.92
	A2	XLZ 37	0.28	0.14	32.56
		XLZ 77	0.19	0.46	34.14
		XLZ 82	0.55	0.11	29.58
	A3	XLZ 37	0.15	0	33.25
		XLZ 77	0.6	0.13	45.18
		XLZ 82	0.53	0.28	28.86
	CK	XLZ 37	0	0.05	50.82
		XLZ 77	0.19	0	59.71
		XLZ 82	0.59	0.04	27.47
42 d	A1	XLZ 37	0	0	35.97
		XLZ 77	0.51	0.54	82.01
		XLZ 82	0.07	0	55.63
	A2	XLZ 37	0	0	69.65
		XLZ 77	0	0	56.96
		XLZ 82	1.37	0.53	53.84
	A3	XLZ 37	0.16	0	36.91
		XLZ 77	0	0	54.19
		XLZ 82	2.11	0.82	42.58
	CK	XLZ 37	0	0	59.72
		XLZ 77	0	0	42.22
		XLZ 82	0	0	58.1

附表2

图3

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