棉花学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 48-59.doi: 10.11963/cs20210045
收稿日期:
2021-07-06
出版日期:
2022-01-15
发布日期:
2022-05-31
通讯作者:
杨苏龙,张建诚
E-mail:xikaipeng@gmail.com;zpsysl@126.com;zhangjc@126.com
作者简介:
席凯鹏(1989―), 基金资助:
Xi Kaipeng(),Xi Jilong,Yang Sulong*(
),Zhang Jiancheng*(
)
Received:
2021-07-06
Online:
2022-01-15
Published:
2022-05-31
Contact:
Yang Sulong,Zhang Jiancheng
E-mail:xikaipeng@gmail.com;zpsysl@126.com;zhangjc@126.com
摘要:
【目的】探明长期棉花秸秆配施鸡粪对重金属元素在土壤中积累与污染状况的影响,为棉田改土培肥和安全高效施肥提供科学依据。【方法】通过14年长期定位试验,研究氮磷化肥+秸秆清茬(NP)、氮磷化肥+秸秆还田(NPS)、氮磷化肥+秸秆清茬+鸡粪(NPM)、氮磷化肥+秸秆还田+鸡粪(NPSM)4个处理对土壤中重金属积累的影响,利用污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价土壤污染状况和潜在生态风险。【结果】各处理中土壤重金属的含量均未超出国家标准中的污染风险筛选值。与NP相比,NPS处理土壤重金属含量无明显增加,NPM、NPSM处理土壤汞含量分别显著提高81.8%和90.9%,NPSM处理中土壤铬、锌含量分别显著提高了7.9%和63.2%,锌、汞、铬富集明显,富集度分别为139.99%、90.91%和13.77%;铜、铅富集但处理间无显著差异。棉田土壤重金属单项污染指数为0.03~0.51,土壤污染状况均为安全级;综合污染指数为0.36~0.79,仅NPSM土壤污染状况为警戒等级;潜在生态风险污染综合指数为20.68~22.66,为轻微生态危害。【结论】连续14年棉花秸秆还田配施鸡粪,土壤重金属含量均未超标,土壤重金属评价为警戒级,潜在生态危害评价为轻微生态危害,应控制有机肥源重金属含量,减缓锌、汞、铬富集,持续保护利用土壤。
席凯鹏,席吉龙,杨苏龙,张建诚. 长期秸秆配施鸡粪对棉田土壤重金属累积的影响及生态风险评价[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(1): 48-59.
Xi Kaipeng,Xi Jilong,Yang Sulong,Zhang Jiancheng. Effect of long-term straw application with chicken manure on the accumulation of heavy metals in cotton field soil and ecological risk evaluation[J]. Cotton Science, 2022, 34(1): 48-59.
表2
综合污染指数等级划分标准"
等级划分 Classification of pollution level | 范围 Range of comprehensive pollution index | 污染等级 Degree of pollution level | 污染水平 Pollution level |
---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | ≤0.7 | 安全 Safe | 清洁 Clean |
Ⅱ | >0.7~1 | 警戒级 Alert | 尚清洁 Moderate clean |
Ⅲ | >1~2 | 轻污染 Light pollution | 土壤轻污染, 作物已受污染 Lightly polluted soil and crops |
Ⅳ | >2~3 | 中度污染 Moderate pollution | 土壤、作物均受中度污染 Moderately polluted soil and crops |
Ⅴ | >3 | 重度污染 Heavy pollution | 土壤、作物已严重受污染 Heavily polluted soil and crops |
表3
不同施肥处理下土壤pH及重金属含量比较"
处理 Treatment | pH | 铅Pb / (mg· kg-1) | 镉Cd/ (mg· kg-1) | 砷As/ (mg· kg-1) | 汞Hg/ (mg· kg-1) | 铬Cr/ (mg· kg-1) | 铜Cu/ (mg· kg-1) | 锌Zn/ (mg· kg-1) | 镍Ni/ (mg· kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
初始土壤样本 Initial soil sample | 8.40± 0.08 | 22.35± 0.78 | 0.22± 0.01 | 11.10± 0.13 | 0.11± 0.01 | 92.00± 1.26 | 26.00± 0.98 | 63.50± 1.83 | 57.00± 1.37 |
NP(CK) | 8.84± 0.12 a | 29.67± 1.16 a | 0.20± 0.01 a | 10.67± 0.55 a | 0.11± 0.01 b | 97.00± 3.61 b | 29.00± 1.00 a | 93.33± 10.02 b | 58.67± 1.53 a |
NPS | 8.72± 0.07 a | 30.33± 0.58 a | 0.20± 0.01 a | 10.77± 0.06 a | 0.11± 0.00 b | 100.67± 1.53 ab | 30.67± 0.58 a | 115.33± 3.06 ab | 56.67± 0.58 a |
NPM | 8.60± 0.62 ab | 32.00± 3.45 a | 0.20± 0.02 a | 11.37± 0.98 a | 0.20± 0.03 a | 96.33± 3.06 b | 30.00± 1.73 a | 118.67± 11.01 ab | 56.67± 2.08 a |
NPSM | 8.38± 0.14 b | 30.33± 1.55 a | 0.22± 0.01 a | 9.95± 1.04 a | 0.21± 0.09 a | 104.67± 4.93 a | 29.67± 2.52 a | 152.33± 41.79 a | 56.67± 3.51 a |
表4
不同肥料处理下土壤Pb、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn 的富集"
处理 Treatment | 富集度Degree of enrichment/% | 积累速率Accumulation rates/(mg·kg-1·a-1) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
铅Pb | 汞Hg | 铬Cr | 铜Cu | 锌Zn | 铅Pb | 汞Hg | 铬Cr | 铜Cu | 锌Zn | |
NP(CK) | 32.75 a | 0.00 b | 5.43 b | 11.54 a | 46.98 b | 0.523 | 0.000 | 0.357 | 0.214 | 2.131 |
NPS | 35.70 a | 0.00 b | 9.42 ab | 17.96 a | 81.62 ab | 0.570 | 0.000 | 0.619 | 0.334 | 3.702 |
NPM | 43.18 a | 81.82 a | 4.71 b | 15.38 a | 86.88 ab | 0.689 | 0.006 | 0.309 | 0.286 | 3.941 |
NPSM | 35.70 a | 90.91 a | 13.77 a | 14.12 a | 139.89 a | 0.570 | 0.007 | 0.905 | 0.262 | 6.345 |
表5
不同肥料处理下土壤重金属污染指数比较"
处理 Treatment | 单项污染指数Single pollution index | 综合污染指数(P综合) Comprehensive pollution index | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPb | PCd | PAs | PHg | PCr | PCu | PZn | PNi | ||
NP(CK) | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.43 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.36 |
NPS | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.37 |
NPM | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.39 |
NPSM | 0.18 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.51 | 0.30 | 0.79 |
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