滴灌带埋设深度对无膜棉产量形成的影响

doi:10.11963/cs20210029

棉花学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 404-411.doi: 10.11963/cs20210029

滴灌带埋设深度对无膜棉产量形成的影响

段佳宏¹(),李楠楠¹(),王军²,李军宏¹,郝先哲²,罗宏海^1,^*(),杨国正^3,^*()

1.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832000
2.农业部作物高效用水石河子实验观测站/新疆农垦科学院水土所,新疆石河子 832000
3.华中农业大学植物科学与技术学院,武汉 430070

收稿日期:2021-05-06 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2022-01-27
通讯作者: 罗宏海,杨国正 E-mail:jiahongduan@163.com;linann0809@163.com;luohonghai79@163.com;ygzh9999@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:段佳宏（1999―）,女,本科生, jiahongduan@163.com;|李楠楠（1996―）,女,博士生, linann0809@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32160512);新疆生产建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划项目(2017CB005)

Effect of embedded depth of drip irrigation belt on the yield of cotton without plastic mulching

Duan Jiahong¹(),Li Nannan¹(),Wang Jun²,Li Junhong¹,Hao Xianzhe²,Luo Honghai^1,^*(),Yang Guozheng^3,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
2. Shihezi Experimental Observation Station of Crop Water Efficient, Ministry of Agriculture/ Soil and Water Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
3. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2021-05-06 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2022-01-27
Contact: Luo Honghai,Yang Guozheng E-mail:jiahongduan@163.com;linann0809@163.com;luohonghai79@163.com;ygzh9999@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究北疆无膜栽培条件下滴灌带埋设深度影响棉花产量的作用机理,为新疆棉花绿色高效栽培技术的制定与完善提供理论支撑。【方法】以新陆早74号为试验材料,设置3个滴灌带埋设深度处理（D₁：10 cm,D₂：15 cm,D₃：20 cm）,研究埋设深度对棉花生育进程、干物质积累、产量及品质的影响。【结果】与D₁处理相比,D₃处理苗期延长4 d;在盛花期后棉花生殖器官及营养器官干物质积累量均随滴灌带埋设深度增加而增加,吐絮期D₃处理生殖器官干物质积累量较D₂、D₁处理分别高25.5%、54.3%;棉花总铃数、铃重及籽棉产量均在D₁处理最低,D₂与D₃处理间无显著差异;棉花纤维长度、伸长率及断裂比强度在D₂与D₃处理间无显著差异,但D₃处理较D₁处理分别增加5.9%、0.29百分点、10.2%,且差异显著。【结论】无膜条件下增加滴灌带埋设深度可促进棉花生殖器官干物质积累,提高棉花产量,改善纤维品质;但从稳产角度来看,15 cm是无膜棉最佳滴灌带埋设深度。

关键词: 地下滴灌; 无膜棉; 干物质; 产量

Abstract:

[Objective] This study aims to explore the effect of embedded depth of drip irrigation belt on cotton yield in the field without plastic mulching in Northern Xinjiang, and to provide scientific theory for green and efficient cotton cultivation techniques in Xinjiang. [Method] Using Xinluzao 74 as the material, three embedded depths of drip irrigation belt (D₁: 10 cm, D₂: 15 cm, D₃: 20 cm) were set to study the effects on the developmental course, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of cotton. [Result] Compared with D₁ treatment, the seedling stage was prolonged by 4 d in D₃ treatment. After full-blooming stage, the dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs and vegetative organs of cotton increased along with the increase of the depth of embedded drip irrigation belt. The dry matter accumulation in reproductive organs of D₃ treatment was 25.5% and 54.3% higher than that of D₂ and D₁ treatment at boll-opening stage, respectively. The total boll number, boll weight and seed cotton yield were the lowest in D₁ treatment, and no significant differences were found between D₂ and D₃ treatment. There were no significant differences in cotton fiber length, fiber elongation and breaking tenacity between D₂ and D₃, but significantly increased by 5.9%, 0.29 percentage point and 10.2% in D₃ treatment compared with D₁ treatment, respectively. [Conclusion] Without plastic film mulching, the increased embedded depth of drip irrigation belt lead to increased accumulation of dry matter in reproductive organs and higher yield and improved fiber quality of cotton. Considering the stability of yield, 15 cm is the most suitable embedded depth of the drip irrigation belt for cotton plantation without plastic mulching.

Key words: subsurface drip irrigation; plastic-mulching free cotton; dry matter; yield

段佳宏,李楠楠,王军,李军宏,郝先哲,罗宏海,杨国正. 滴灌带埋设深度对无膜棉产量形成的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(5): 404-411.

Duan Jiahong,Li Nannan,Wang Jun,Li Junhong,Hao Xianzhe,Luo Honghai,Yang Guozheng. Effect of embedded depth of drip irrigation belt on the yield of cotton without plastic mulching[J]. Cotton Science, 2021, 33(5): 404-411.

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处理 Treatments	生育进程（月-日） Development progress (month-day)				生育时期 Development period/d
处理 Treatments	出苗 Seedling emergence	现蕾 Squaring	开花 Bloom	吐絮 Opening	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Squaring stage	花铃期 Flowering and boll-setting stage	生育期 Growth period
D₁	05-13	06-24	07-20	09-12	42 b	26 a	54 a	122 b
D₂	05-13	06-24	07-21	09-14	42 b	27 a	55 a	124 ab
D₃	05-13	06-28	07-24	09-17	46 a	26 a	55 a	127 a

处理 Treatments	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数 R²	快速积累起始时间t₁ Starting time of the fast accumulation period/d	快速积累终止时间t₂ End time of the fast accumulation period/d	快速积累持续时间T The duration of fast accumulation period/d	平均速率 V_T Average of speed/ (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	最大速率 V_M Maximum of speed/ (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	最大速率出现时间t_m The time of maximum growth speed/d
植株干物质 Dry matter of cotton plant
D₁	Y=20 474.706 5/（1+13 771.094 6e^{-0.138 4}^t）	0.99	59.4	78.4	19.0	621.1	708.4	68.9
D₂	Y=23 290.258 0（1+ 61 442.082 1e^{-0.150 9}^t）	0.99	64.4	81.8	17.5	770.2	878.4	73.1
D₃	Y=30 351.721 1/（1+ 89 494.081 2e^{-0.144 1}^t）	1.00	70.0	88.3	18.3	958.7	1 093.4	79.1
平均Average	-	-	64.6	82.8	18.3	783.3	893.4	73.7
生殖器官干物质 Dry matter of reproductive organs
D₁	Y=8 894.910 5/（1+5 009 769.217 2e^{-0.184 6}^t）	1.00	76.4	90.7	14.3	359.9	410.5	83.6
D₂	Y=10 900.910 1/（1+66 145 335.821 0e^{-0.213 4}^t）	1.00	78.2	90.6	12.3	509.9	581.6	84.4
D₃	Y=13 716.489 0/（1+16 410 100.347 9e^{-0.187 7}^t）	1.00	81.5	95.5	14.0	564.3	643.7	88.5
平均Average	-	-	78.7	92.3	13.5	478.1	545.2	85.5
营养器官干物质 Dry matter of vegetative organs
D₁	Y=13 059.459 2/（1+1 940.731 9e^{-0.129 8}^t）	0.94	48.2	68.5	20.3	371.6	423.8	58.3
D₂	Y=13 412.460 6/（1+87 361 287.801 1e^{-0.271 0}^t）	0.95	62.6	72.3	9.7	796.7	908.7	67.5
D₃	Y=16 656.129 6/（1+22 800 041.043 8e^{-0.231 8}^t）	0.98	67.4	78.8	11.4	846.3	965.2	73.1
平均Average	-	-	59.4	73.2	13.8	671.5	765.9	66.3

处理 Treatments	单位面积有效铃数 /（个·m^-2） Boll number per square meter	铃重 Boll weight/g	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/（kg·hm^-2）
D₁	66.1±1.3 b	4.2±0.1 b	2 789±49 b
D₂	70.6±1.6 a	4.5±0.1 a	3 170±132 a
D₃	73.0±0.7 a	4.4±0.1 ab	3 220±112 a

处理 Treatments	纤维上半部平均长度 Fiber length/mm	长度整齐度指数 Fiber uniformity/%	断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity/（cN·tex^-1）	马克隆值 Micronaire value	伸长率 Fiber elongation/%
D₁	29.62±0.40 b	85.99±0.78 a	31.77±0.72 b	4.20±0.44 a	6.57±0.06 b
D₂	30.20±0.96 a	85.76±0.45 a	33.23±1.64 ab	4.03±0.46 a	6.70±0.10 ab
D₃	31.38±1.07 a	85.21±0.26 a	35.00±2.12 a	4.07±0.67 a	6.86±0.15 a

滴灌带埋设深度对无膜棉产量形成的影响

Effect of embedded depth of drip irrigation belt on the yield of cotton without plastic mulching

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