棉花学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 404-411.doi: 10.11963/cs20210029
段佳宏1(),李楠楠1(
),王军2,李军宏1,郝先哲2,罗宏海1,*(
),杨国正3,*(
)
收稿日期:
2021-05-06
出版日期:
2021-09-15
发布日期:
2022-01-27
通讯作者:
罗宏海,杨国正
E-mail:jiahongduan@163.com;linann0809@163.com;luohonghai79@163.com;ygzh9999@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:
段佳宏(1999―),女,本科生, 基金资助:
Duan Jiahong1(),Li Nannan1(
),Wang Jun2,Li Junhong1,Hao Xianzhe2,Luo Honghai1,*(
),Yang Guozheng3,*(
)
Received:
2021-05-06
Online:
2021-09-15
Published:
2022-01-27
Contact:
Luo Honghai,Yang Guozheng
E-mail:jiahongduan@163.com;linann0809@163.com;luohonghai79@163.com;ygzh9999@mail.hzau.edu.cn
摘要:
【目的】探究北疆无膜栽培条件下滴灌带埋设深度影响棉花产量的作用机理,为新疆棉花绿色高效栽培技术的制定与完善提供理论支撑。【方法】以新陆早74号为试验材料,设置3个滴灌带埋设深度处理(D1:10 cm,D2:15 cm,D3:20 cm),研究埋设深度对棉花生育进程、干物质积累、产量及品质的影响。【结果】与D1处理相比,D3处理苗期延长4 d;在盛花期后棉花生殖器官及营养器官干物质积累量均随滴灌带埋设深度增加而增加,吐絮期D3处理生殖器官干物质积累量较D2、D1处理分别高25.5%、54.3%;棉花总铃数、铃重及籽棉产量均在D1处理最低,D2与D3处理间无显著差异;棉花纤维长度、伸长率及断裂比强度在D2与D3处理间无显著差异,但D3处理较D1处理分别增加5.9%、0.29百分点、10.2%,且差异显著。【结论】无膜条件下增加滴灌带埋设深度可促进棉花生殖器官干物质积累,提高棉花产量,改善纤维品质;但从稳产角度来看,15 cm是无膜棉最佳滴灌带埋设深度。
段佳宏,李楠楠,王军,李军宏,郝先哲,罗宏海,杨国正. 滴灌带埋设深度对无膜棉产量形成的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(5): 404-411.
Duan Jiahong,Li Nannan,Wang Jun,Li Junhong,Hao Xianzhe,Luo Honghai,Yang Guozheng. Effect of embedded depth of drip irrigation belt on the yield of cotton without plastic mulching[J]. Cotton Science, 2021, 33(5): 404-411.
表1
滴灌带埋设深度对棉花生育进程的影响"
处理 Treatments | 生育进程(月-日) Development progress (month-day) | 生育时期 Development period/d | |||||||
出苗 Seedling emergence | 现蕾 Squaring | 开花 Bloom | 吐絮 Opening | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Squaring stage | 花铃期 Flowering and boll-setting stage | 生育期 Growth period | ||
D1 | 05-13 | 06-24 | 07-20 | 09-12 | 42 b | 26 a | 54 a | 122 b | |
D2 | 05-13 | 06-24 | 07-21 | 09-14 | 42 b | 27 a | 55 a | 124 ab | |
D3 | 05-13 | 06-28 | 07-24 | 09-17 | 46 a | 26 a | 55 a | 127 a |
表2
棉花植株及其不同器官的干物质积累方程"
处理 Treatments | 回归方程 Regression equation | 决定系数 R2 | 快速积累起始 时间t1 Starting time of the fast accumulation period/d | 快速积累终止 时间t2 End time of the fast accumulation period/d | 快速积累持续 时间T The duration of fast accumulation period/d | 平均速率 VT Average of speed/ (kg·hm-2·d-1) | 最大速率 VM Maximum of speed/ (kg·hm-2·d-1) | 最大速率出现 时间tm The time of maximum growth speed/d |
植株干物质 Dry matter of cotton plant | ||||||||
D1 | Y=20 474.706 5/(1+13 771.094 6e-0.138 4t) | 0.99 | 59.4 | 78.4 | 19.0 | 621.1 | 708.4 | 68.9 |
D2 | Y=23 290.258 0(1+ 61 442.082 1e-0.150 9t) | 0.99 | 64.4 | 81.8 | 17.5 | 770.2 | 878.4 | 73.1 |
D3 | Y=30 351.721 1/(1+ 89 494.081 2e-0.144 1t) | 1.00 | 70.0 | 88.3 | 18.3 | 958.7 | 1 093.4 | 79.1 |
平均Average | - | - | 64.6 | 82.8 | 18.3 | 783.3 | 893.4 | 73.7 |
生殖器官干物质 Dry matter of reproductive organs | ||||||||
D1 | Y=8 894.910 5/(1+5 009 769.217 2e-0.184 6t) | 1.00 | 76.4 | 90.7 | 14.3 | 359.9 | 410.5 | 83.6 |
D2 | Y=10 900.910 1/(1+66 145 335.821 0e-0.213 4t) | 1.00 | 78.2 | 90.6 | 12.3 | 509.9 | 581.6 | 84.4 |
D3 | Y=13 716.489 0/(1+16 410 100.347 9e-0.187 7t) | 1.00 | 81.5 | 95.5 | 14.0 | 564.3 | 643.7 | 88.5 |
平均Average | - | - | 78.7 | 92.3 | 13.5 | 478.1 | 545.2 | 85.5 |
营养器官干物质 Dry matter of vegetative organs | ||||||||
D1 | Y=13 059.459 2/(1+1 940.731 9e-0.129 8t) | 0.94 | 48.2 | 68.5 | 20.3 | 371.6 | 423.8 | 58.3 |
D2 | Y=13 412.460 6/(1+87 361 287.801 1e-0.271 0t) | 0.95 | 62.6 | 72.3 | 9.7 | 796.7 | 908.7 | 67.5 |
D3 | Y=16 656.129 6/(1+22 800 041.043 8e-0.231 8t) | 0.98 | 67.4 | 78.8 | 11.4 | 846.3 | 965.2 | 73.1 |
平均Average | - | - | 59.4 | 73.2 | 13.8 | 671.5 | 765.9 | 66.3 |
表4
滴灌带埋设深度对棉花纤维品质的影响"
处理 Treatments | 纤维上半部平均长度 Fiber length/mm | 长度整齐度指数 Fiber uniformity/% | 断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity/(cN·tex-1) | 马克隆值 Micronaire value | 伸长率 Fiber elongation/% |
D1 | 29.62±0.40 b | 85.99±0.78 a | 31.77±0.72 b | 4.20±0.44 a | 6.57±0.06 b |
D2 | 30.20±0.96 a | 85.76±0.45 a | 33.23±1.64 ab | 4.03±0.46 a | 6.70±0.10 ab |
D3 | 31.38±1.07 a | 85.21±0.26 a | 35.00±2.12 a | 4.07±0.67 a | 6.86±0.15 a |
[1] | 汪烨. 我国棉花种植继续向新疆集中[J]. 农经, 2020(3): 53-55. |
Wang Ye. Cotton cultivation in China continues to concentrate in Xinjiang[J]. Agricultural Economics, 2020(3): 53-55. | |
[2] | 董合干. 地膜残留对棉花产量影响的极限研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2013. |
Dong Hegan. The limit effect of film residue on cotton yield[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2013. | |
[3] | 刘建国, 李彦斌, 张伟, 等. 绿洲棉田长期连作下残膜分布及对棉花生长的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2010,29(2): 246-250. |
Liu Jianguo, Li Yanbin, Zhang Wei, et al. The distributing of the residue film and influence on cotton growth under continuous cropping in oasis of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010,29(2): 246-250. | |
[4] | 许咏梅, 房世杰, 马晓鹏, 等. 农用地膜污染防治战略研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2018,20(5): 96-102. |
Xu Yongmei, Fang Shijie, Ma Xiaopeng, et al. Prevention and control strategy for the pollution of agricultural plastic film[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2018,20(5): 96-102. | |
[5] | 薛颖昊, 曹肆林, 徐志宇, 等. 地膜残留污染防控技术现状及发展趋势[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017,36(8): 1595-1600. |
Xue Yinghao, Cao Silin, Xu Zhiyu, et al. Status and trends in application of technology to prevent plastic film residual pollution[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017,36(8): 1595-1600 | |
[6] | 喻树迅. 无膜棉对中国棉花产业转型升级的意义[J]. 农学学报, 2019,9(3): 1-5. |
Yu Shuxun. The significance of filmless cotton to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's cotton industry[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2019,9(3): 1-5. | |
[7] | 李慧, 万华龙, 田立文, 等. 晚播增密对棉花群体光合及干物质积累与分配的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2020,32(4): 339-347. |
Li Hui, Wan Hualong, Tian Liwen, et al. The effects of increased density on canopy apparent photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton under late-sown condition[J]. Cotton Science, 2020,32(4): 339-347. | |
[8] | 唐光雷, 李存东, 孙传范, 等. 不同播期密度对超早熟短季抗虫棉群体性状的影响[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 2010,33(1): 6-11. |
Tang Guanglei, Li Cundong, Sun Chuanfan, et al. Effects of sowing date and density on population characteristics of super short-season insect-resistant cotton[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2010,33(1): 6-11. | |
[9] |
Dong Hezhong, Li Weijiang, Tang Wei, et al. Yield, quality and leaf senescence of cotton grown at varying planting dates and plant densities in the Yellow River Valley of China[J]. Field Crops Research, 2005,98(2): 106-115.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.12.008 |
[10] | 仵峰, 宰松梅, 丛佩娟. 国内外地下滴灌研究及应用现状[J]. 节水灌溉, 2004(1): 25-28. |
Wu Feng, Zai Songmei, Cong Peijuan. Research and application status of subsurface drip irrigation at home and abroad[J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2004(1): 25-28. | |
[11] |
Miyazaki Akira, Arita Naoya. Deep rooting development and growth in upland rice NERICA induced by subsurface irrigation[J]. Plant Production Science, 2020,23(2): 211-219.
doi: 10.1080/1343943X.2020.1732829 |
[12] | 何华, 康绍忠. 灌溉施肥深度对玉米同化物分配和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2002,26(4): 454-458. |
He Hua, Kang Shaozhong. Effect of fertigation depth on dry matter partition and water use efficiency of corn[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2002,26(4): 454-458. | |
[13] |
Yang Guozheng, Tang Haoyue, Nie Yichun, et al. Responses of cotton growth, yield, and biomass to nitrogen split application ratio[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2011,35(3): 164-170.
doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2011.06.001 |
[14] | Chen Wenling, Jin Menggui, Ty P.A. Ferré, et al. Soil conditions affect cotton root distribution and cotton yield under mulched drip irrigation[J]. Field Crops Research, 2020(249): 1-10. |
[15] | 孔繁明. 地下滴灌在棉花上的应用效果研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2013. |
Kong Fanming. Research on the effects of subsurface drip irrigation in cotton[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2013. | |
[16] | 王振华, 吕德生, 温新明, 等. 地下滴灌对棉花生理性状及产量影响的研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2006(4): 11-13. |
Wang Zhenhua, Lü Desheng, Wen Xinming, et al. Research on influence of subsurface drip irrigation on cotton physiology character and yield in Xinjiang[J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2006(4): 11-13. | |
[17] | 何华. 地下滴灌条件下作物水氮吸收利用与最佳灌水技术参数的研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2001. |
He Hua. Crop water and nitrogen use and optimum irrigation technical parameters under subsurface drip irrigation[D]. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 2001. | |
[18] | 李显溦, 石建初, 王数, 等. 新疆地下滴灌棉田一次性滴灌带埋深数值模拟与分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2017,48(9): 191-198, 222. |
Li Xianwei, Shi Jianchu, Wang Shu, et al. Numerical simulation and analysis on depth of disposable tape in cotton field under subsurface drip irrigation in Xinjiang, China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 2017,48(9): 191-198, 222. | |
[19] | 谢海霞, 何帅, 周建伟, 等. 灌溉量及滴灌管埋深对无膜地下滴灌棉花产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2012,31(2): 134-136. |
Xie Haixia, He Shuai, Zhou Jianwei, et al. Effects of irrigation amount and buried depth of drip irrigation pipe on cotton yield under subsurface drip irrigation without film[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2012,31(2): 134-136. | |
[20] |
Chen Zongkui, Tao Xianping, Khan Aziz, et al. Biomass accumulation, photosynthetic traits and root development of cotton as affected by irrigation and nitrogen-fertilization[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018,9: 173-186.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00173 pmid: 29497435 |
[21] | 马富裕, 朱艳, 曹卫星, 等. 棉纤维品质指标形成的动态模拟[J]. 作物学报, 2006,32(3): 442-448. |
Ma Fuyu, Zhu Yan, Cao Weixing, et al. Modeling fiber quality formation in cotton[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006,32(3): 442-448. | |
[22] | 徐瑞博. 不同灌溉模式对露地与覆膜棉花生长发育、生理特征及产量品质的影响[D]. 石家庄: 河北农业大学, 2018. |
Xu Ruibo. Effects of different irrigation modes on growth, physiological characteristics, yield and quality of open field and film-mulching cotton[D]. Shijiazhuang: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2018. | |
[23] | 张辰, 荆慧娟, 张凯, 等. 不同栽培措施对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响[J]. 中国棉花, 2019,46(6): 23-27. |
Zhang Chen, Jing Huijuan, Zhang Kai, et al. Effects of different cultivation measures on cotton yield and fiber quality traits[J]. China Cotton, 2019,46(6): 23-27. | |
[24] | 王允. 不同生育期水分亏缺对盆栽棉花生长发育的影响[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2016. |
Wang Yun. Effects of water deficit at different growing stage on growth and development characteristics of potted cotton[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2016. | |
[25] | 祁虹, 赵贵元, 王燕, 等. 我国棉田残膜污染危害与治理措施研究进展[J]. 棉花学报, 2021,33(2): 169-179. |
Qi Hong, Zhao Guiyuan, Wang Yan, et al. Research progress on pollution hazards and prevention measures of residual film in cotton field in China[J]. Cotton Science, 2021,33(2): 169-179. | |
[26] | 操宇琳, 陈宜, 鲁速明, 等. 棉花育苗移栽技术研究进展[J]. 中国棉花, 2015,42(1): 12-14, 18. |
Cao Yulin, Chen Yi, Lu Suming, et al. Review on cotton seedling transplanting technology[J]. China Cotton, 2015,42(1): 12-14, 18. |
[1] | 李飞,郭莉莉,赵瑞元,尹凌洁,王家珍,李彩红,何叔军,梅正鼎. 氮肥减量深施对油后直播棉花干物质与氮素积累、分配及产量的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(3): 198-214. |
[2] | 胡宇凯,赵书珍,董红强,魏永海,田玉刚,陈佳林,董合林,马小艳,冯璐,翟云龙,陈国栋. 化学打顶对南疆棉花干物质积累与分配的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(3): 247-255. |
[3] | 卢合全,唐薇,张冬梅,罗振,孔祥强,李振怀,徐士振,代建龙,李维江,辛承松. 化肥减施和秸秆还田对土壤肥力、棉花养分吸收利用及产量的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(2): 137-150. |
[4] | 杨长琴,张国伟,王晓婧,刘瑞显,倪万潮. 不同种植模式棉花产量、种植效益与氮素利用率比较分析[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(4): 307-318. |
[5] | 张友昌,黄晓莉,胡爱兵,李洪菊,冯常辉,李蔚,张贤红,罗艳萍,杨国正. 长江流域麦/油后直播棉花播种时间下限研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(2): 155-168. |
[6] | 王广恩,郭丽,钱玉源,刘祎,张曦. 不同咸水利用方式对棉花叶绿素荧光参数及土壤盐分的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(1): 13-21. |
[7] | 汪苏洁,贵会平,董强,张恒恒,王香茹,牛静,张西岭,宋美珍. 有机肥替代对棉花养分积累、产量及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(1): 54-65. |
[8] | 于可可,杜明伟,张祥,朱烨倩,李水清,陈舫,羿国香,李亚兵,田晓莉,李召虎. 长江流域麦(油)后直播棉增效缩节胺化学封顶技术研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(1): 86-94. |
[9] | 齐海坤,左彦利,张伯谦,杜明伟,田晓莉,徐东永,卢怀玉,李召虎. 黄河流域黑龙港植棉区棉花主要产量决策性状分析[J]. 棉花学报, 2020, 32(6): 483-490. |
[10] | 齐海坤,王赛,徐东永,路正营,赵文超,郝延杰,张祥,李蔚,韩焕勇,汪江涛,王洪这,陈洪章,王林,杜明伟,田晓莉,李召虎. 不同棉区棉花DPC化学封顶技术研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2020, 32(5): 425-437. |
[11] | 吴莘玲,耿吉嘉,曹丽芳,林远,刘晓飞,蔡泽洲,陈媛,张祥,陈德华. 密度与化控对麦后直播棉产量及矿质元素积累的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2020, 32(5): 438-448. |
[12] | 李慧,万华龙,田立文,刘连涛,张永江,白志英,张科,王国平,孙红春,李存东. 晚播增密对棉花群体光合及干物质积累与分配的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2020, 32(4): 339-347. |
[13] | 李腾宇,许超,李耀明,苟成飞,洪铸,丁明全,孙晨栋. 陆海杂交种纤维品质和产量相关性状的鉴定与分析[J]. 棉花学报, 2020, 32(4): 348-359. |
[14] | 雷杰杰,邵盘霞,郭春平,张大伟,唐秉晖,努日曼古丽·艾尼,彭亚娟,崔天宇,张奥深,林海荣,林忠旭,尤春源,聂新辉. 新疆陆地棉经济性状优异等位基因位点的遗传解析[J]. 棉花学报, 2020, 32(3): 185-198. |
[15] | 刘光亚,张艳军,孙学振,董合忠. 乙烯对棉花适应淹水胁迫的作用及其机制[J]. 棉花学报, 2020, 32(3): 208-218. |
|