化肥减施和秸秆还田对土壤肥力、棉花养分吸收利用及产量的影响

doi:10.11963/cs20200037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明化肥减施和秸秆还田对土壤肥力、棉花养分吸收利用及产量的影响。【方法】 2016―2018年安排大田定位试验,设置6个处理：化肥常规用量（NPK）、秸秆还田（S）、化肥常规用量加秸秆还田（NPKS）、化肥常规用量减施25%加秸秆还田（0.75NPKS）、缓控释肥常规用量加秸秆还田（CRFS）和缓控释肥常规用量减施25%加秸秆还田（0.75CRFS）,以NPK作对照。【结果】连续3年试验,与NPK比较,NPKS和CRFS的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均逐年增加;0.75NPKS和0.75CRFS的土壤有机质含量逐年增加,土壤有效磷含量逐年减少,而土壤碱解氮、速效钾与NPK差异不显著。NPKS、CRFS、0.75NPKS和0.75CRFS的植株氮、磷吸收量和表观利用率逐年增加,其中2018年磷吸收量较NPK分别增加6.17%、8.01%、8.88%和7.94%,差异显著,而3年试验中4个秸秆还田处理的钾吸收量与NPK处理差异均不显著。始絮期NPKS和CRFS的主茎倒二叶SPAD值和净光合速率呈现逐年增加趋势,0.75NPKS、0.75CRFS的主茎倒二叶SPAD值和净光合速率与NPK差异不显著。3年内,NPKS、CRFS的籽棉产量较NPK有所提高但差异不显著,0.75NPKS、0.75CRFS籽棉产量较NPK略低,但差异不显著。连续3年试验,NPKS、0.75NPKS、CRFS和0.75CRFS处理的单位面积铃数、铃重和衣分与NPK均无显著差异。【结论】 3年内化肥减施25%配合秸秆还田能够提高化肥表观利用率且棉花不减产,为避免长期减施化肥导致土壤有效磷含量下降,须适当补充磷肥。

关键词: 棉花; 秸秆还田; 减量施肥; 土壤养分; 营养吸收; 产量

Abstract:

[Objective] This study aimed to clarify the effects of chemical fertilizers reduction and stalk returning on soil nutrients content, nutrient absorption and yield of cotton. [Method] A three-year field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Six treatments were included: traditional chemical fertilizer (NPK) as control, stalk returning (S), traditional chemical fertilizer plus stalk returning (NPKS), chemical fertilizer reduction of 25% plus stalk returning (0.75NPKS), controlled-release fertilizer plus stalk returning (CRFS), and controlled-release fertilizer reduction of 25% plus stalk returning (0.75CRFS). [Result] Within the three-year experiment, the organic matter content, alkaline nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and potassium content in soil were increased in NPKS and CRFS. Both 0.75NPKS and 0.75CRFS treatments increased the soil organic matter content, and reduced available phosphorus content year by year, and had no significant effect on alkaline nitrogen and available potassium content compared with NPK. From 2016 to 2018, nitrogen absorption and phosphorus absorption and apparent recovery efficiency in the treatments of NPKS, CRFS, 0.75NPKS and 0.75CRFS were increased year by year,while there was no significant difference in potassium absorption compared with NPK. In 2018, phosphorus absorptions in these four fertilizer plus stalk returning treatments were 6.17%, 8.01%, 8.88% and 7.94% significantly higher than that of NPK, respectively. At initial boll opening stage, the SPAD values and net photosynthetic rates of the second leaf from the top in NPKS and CRFS treatments showed a rising trend year by year, that those of 0.75NPKS and 0.75CRFS treatments had no significant differences compared with NPK. Within 3 years, the seed cotton yield of NPKS and CRFS were not significantly higher than that of NPK, and the seed cotton yield of 0.75NPKS and 0.75CRFS were slightly fewer compared with NPK without significant differences. The boll number per unit area, boll weight and lint percentage in the treatments of NPK, NPKS, 0.75NPKS, CRFS and 0.75CRFS were approximately the same in every year. [Conclusion] Chemical fertilizer reduction of 25% and stalk returning can increase the fertilizer apparent recovery efficiency without influence on the cotton yield in the three-year experiment, but it is necessary to supply phosphorus fertilizer properly in long-term fertilizer reduction application.

Key words: cotton; stalk returning; fertilizer reduction; soil nutrients; nutrient absorption; yield

卢合全, 唐薇, 张冬梅, 罗振, 孔祥强, 李振怀, 徐士振, 代建龙, 李维江, 辛承松. 化肥减施和秸秆还田对土壤肥力、棉花养分吸收利用及产量的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2022, 34(2): 137-150.

Lu Hequan, Tang Wei, Zhang Dongmei, Luo Zhen, Kong Xiangqiang, Li Zhenhuai, Xu Shizhen, Dai Jianlong, Li Weijiang, Xin Chengsong. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and stalk returning on soil nutrients content, nutrient absorption and yield of cotton[J]. Cotton Science, 2022, 34(2): 137-150.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/cs20200037

https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2022/V34/I2/137

图/表 6

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

参考文献 45

[1]	尼雪妹, 罗良国, 李宁辉, 等. 水稻作物化肥减施增效技术评价指标体系构建[J/OL]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2018, 35(4): 301-310 [2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13254/j.jare.2018.0059.
	Ni Xuemei, Luo Liangguo, Li Ninghui, et al. Establishment of evaluation index system of chemical fertilizer application reduction and efficiency improvement technologies in rice farming[J/OL]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2018, 35(4): 301-310[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13254/j.jare.2018.0059.
[2]	宋以玲, 于建, 陈士更, 等. 化肥减量配施生物有机肥对油菜生长及土壤微生物和酶活性影响[J/OL]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(1): 352-360[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.01.055.
	Song Yiling, Yu Jian, Chen Shigeng, et al. Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with application of bio-organic fertilizer on rape growth, microorganism and enzymes activities in soil[J/OL]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(1): 352-360[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.01.055.
[3]	Xin Xiuli, Qin Shengwu, Zhang Jiabao, et al. Yield, phosphorus use efficiency and balance response to substituting long-term chemical fertilizer use with organic manure in a wheat-maize system[J/OL]. Field Crops Research, 2017, 208(7): 27-33[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.011.
[4]	Zhao Jun, Ni Tian, Li Jing, et al. Effects of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with reduced chemical fertilizer application on crop yields, soil biological activity and bacterial community structure in a rice-wheat cropping system[J/OL]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016, 99(5): 1-12[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.11.006.
[5]	宋大利, 侯胜鹏, 王秀斌, 等. 中国秸秆养分资源数量及替代化肥潜力[J/OL]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 1-21[2020-03-06]. https://doi. org/10.11674/zwyf.17348.
	Song Dali, Hou Shengpeng, Wang Xiubin, et al. Nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its potential of substituting[J/OL]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 1-21[2020-03-06]. https://doi. org/10.11674/zwyf.17348.
[6]	郭成藏, 李鲁华, 黄金花, 等. 秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J/OL]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2015, 32(3): 296-304[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13254/j.jare.2014.0354.
	Guo Chengzang, Li Luhua, Huang Jinhua, et al. Effects of cotton straw incorporation on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in long-term continuous cropping cotton field[J/OL]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2015, 32(3): 296-304[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13254/j.jare.2014.0354.
[7]	张亚丽, 吕家珑, 金继运, 等. 施肥和秸秆还田对土壤肥力质量及春小麦品质的影响[J/OL]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(2): 307-314[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11674/zwyf.2012.11214.
	Zhang Yali, Lü Jialong, Jin Jiyun, et al. Effects of chemical fertilizer and straw return on soil fertility and spring wheat quality[J/OL]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2012, 18(2): 307-314[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11674/zwyf.2012.11214.
[8]	刘军, 景峰, 李同花, 等. 秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤腐殖质组分含量的影响[J/OL]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(2): 293-302[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.02.09.
	Liu Jun, Jing Feng, Li Tonghua, et al. Effects of returning stalks into field on soil humus composition of continuous cropping cotton field[J/OL]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(2): 293-302[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.02.09.
[9]	米国华, 伍大利, 陈延玲, 等. 东北玉米化肥减施增效技术途径探讨[J/OL]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(14): 2758-2770[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.14.013.
	Mi Guohua, Wu Dali, Chen Yanling, et al. The ways to reduce chemical fertilizer input and increase fertilizer use efficiency in maize in Northeast China[J/OL]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(14): 2758-2770[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.14.013.
[10]	张国, 逯非, 赵红, 等. 我国农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及农户对秸秆还田的认知态度[J/OL]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(5): 981-988[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11654/jaes.2016-1505.
	Zhang Guo, Lu Fei, Zhao Hong, et al. Residue usage and farmers' recognition and attitude toward residue retention in China's croplands[J/OL]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017, 36(5): 981-988[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11654/jaes.2016-1505.
[11]	王双磊, 李金埔, 赵洪亮, 等. 棉花秸秆利用现状与还田潜力分析研究[J/OL]. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 45(2): 310-315[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2324.2014.02.028.
	Wang Shuanglei, Li Jinpu, Zhao Hongliang, et al. Research and analysis on the present utilization situation and counters-field potentiality of cotton straw[J/OL]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2014, 45(2): 310-315[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2324.2014.02.028.
[12]	王双磊, 刘艳慧, 宋宪亮, 等. 棉花秸秆还田对土壤团聚体有机碳及氮磷钾含量的影响[J/OL]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(12): 3944-3952[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.015.
	Wang Shuanglei, Liu Yanhui, Song Xianliang, et al. Effects of cotton straw returning on soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in soil aggregates[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(12): 3944-3952[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.015.
[13]	刘艳慧, 王双磊, 李金埔, 等. 棉花秸秆还田对土壤速效养分及微生物特性的影响[J/OL]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(7): 1037-1046[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.2016.01037.
	Liu Yanhui, Wang Shuanglei, Li Jinpu, et al. Effects of cotton straw returning on soil available nutrients and microbial characteristics[J/OL]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(7): 1037-1046[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.2016.01037.
[14]	马芳霞, 王忆芸, 燕鹏, 等. 秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤有机氮组分的影响[J/OL]. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(8): 1459-1465[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2018.08.011.
	Ma Fangxia, Wang Yiyun, Yan Peng, et al. Effects of cotton straw incorporation on organic nitrogen fractions in long-term continuous cropping cotton field[J/OL]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 27(8): 1459-1465[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2018.08.011.
[15]	秦都林, 王双磊, 刘艳慧, 等. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田对土壤理化性质及棉花产量的影响[J/OL]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(7): 1030-1042[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01030.
	Qin Dulin, Wang Shuanglei, Liu Yanhui, et al. Effects of cotton stalk returning on soil physical and chemical properties and cotton yield in coastal saline-alkali soil[J/OL]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(7): 1030-1042[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01030.
[16]	冯国艺, 张谦, 王树林, 等. 秸秆还田对滨海盐碱地棉苗光合特性及生长的影响[J/OL]. 棉花学报, 2015, 27(3): 248-253[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201503008.
	Feng Guoyi, Zhang Qian, Wang Shulin, et al. Effects of returning straw on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of cotton seedlings in a saline coastal area[J/OL]. Cotton Science, 2015, 27(3): 248-253[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201503008.
[17]	黄容, 高明, 万毅林, 等. 秸秆还田与化肥减量配施对稻-菜轮作下土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J/OL]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(11): 4446-4456[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201605024.
	Huang Rong, Gao Ming, Wan Yilin, et al. Effects of straw in combination with reducing fertilization rate on soil nutrients and enzyme activity in the paddy-vegetable rotation soils[J/OL]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(11): 4446-4456[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201605024.
[18]	吴玉红, 郝兴顺, 田霄鸿, 等. 秸秆还田与化肥减量配施对稻茬麦土壤养分、酶活性及产量影响[J/OL]. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(5): 998-1004[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2018.5.020.
	Wu Yuhong, Hao Xingshun, Tian Xiaohong, et al. Effects of reduction of NPK fertilizer application rate plus rice straw return on soil nutrient enzyme activities and wheat yield in rice-wheat rotation system[J/OL]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Science, 2018, 31(5): 998-1004[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2018.5.020.
[19]	Lü Yanjie, Wang Yongjun, Wang Lichun, et al. Straw return with reduced nitrogen fertilizer maintained maize high yield in Northeast China[J/OL]. Agronomy, 2019, 9(5): 229[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050229.
[20]	田雁飞. 秸秆还田与减量施肥对作物产量及土壤养分的影响研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2012.
	Tian Yanfei. Effects of straw returning and reduced fertilization on crop yield and soil nutrients[D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2012.
[21]	李继福, 鲁剑巍, 任涛, 等. 稻田不同供钾能力条件下秸秆还田替代钾肥效果[J/OL]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(2): 292-302[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.02.009.
	Li Jifu, Lu Jianwei, Ren Tao, et al. Effect of straw incorporation substitute for K-fertilizer under different paddy soil K supply capacities[J/OL]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(2): 292-302[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.02.009.
[22]	陶瑞, 李锐, 谭亮, 等. 减少化肥配施有机肥对滴灌棉花 N、P 吸收和产量的影响[J/OL]. 棉花学报, 2014, 26(4): 342-349[2020-03-06]. http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2014/V26/I4/342.
	Tao Rui, Li Rui, Tan Liang, et al. Effects of application of different organic manures with chemical fertilizer on cotton yield, N and P utilization efficiency under drip irrigation[J/OL]. Cotton Science, 2014, 26(4): 342-349 [2020-03-06]. http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2014/V26/I4/342
[23]	卢合全, 李振怀, 李维江, 等. 适宜轻简栽培的棉花品种 K836 的选育及高产简化栽培技术[J/OL]. 中国棉花, 2015, 42(6): 33-37 [2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1000-632X.201506010.
	Lu Hequan, Li Zhenhuai, Li Weijiang, et al. Breeding of cotton cultivar K836 suitable for extensive farming and its high-yielding cultivation techniques[J/OL]. China Cotton, 2015, 42(6): 33-37[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1000-632X.201506010.
[24]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 56-57, 81-83, 106-107.
	Bao Shidan. Soil agricultural chemical analysis[M]. Beiing: China Agriculture Press, 2000: 56-57, 81-83, 106-107.
[25]	潘剑玲, 代万安, 尚占环, 等. 秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮有效性影响及机制研究进展[J/OL]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(5): 526-535[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00526.
	Pan Jianling, Dai Wan’an, Shang Zhanhuan, et al. Review of research progress on the influence and mechanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil organic matter and nitrogen availability[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(5): 526-535[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00526.
[26]	王海景, 康晓东. 秸秆还田对土壤有机质含量的影响[J/OL]. 山西农业科学, 2009, 37(10): 42-45, 63[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2009.10.011.
	Wang Haijing, Kang Xiaodong. Effect of stalk mulch to soil organic matter level[J/OL]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 37(10): 42-45, 63[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2009.10.011.
[27]	戴志刚. 秸秆养分释放规律及秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2009.
	Dai Zhigang. Study on nutrient release characteristics of crop residue and effect of crop residue returning on crop yield and soil fertility[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2009.
[28]	Hu Wei, Sui Ning, Yu Chaoran, et al. Comparative effects of crop residue incorporation and inorganic potassium fertilization on soil C and N characteristics and microbial activities in cotton field[J/OL]. Journal of Cotton Research, 2019, 2:24[2021-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-019-0040-3 doi: 10.1186/s42397-019-0040-3
[29]	张国娟, 濮晓珍, 张鹏鹏, 等. 干旱区棉花秸秆还田和施肥对土壤氮有效性及根系生物量的影响[J/OL]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(13): 2624-2634[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.13.020.
	Zhang Guojuan, Pu Xiaozhen, Zhang Pengpeng, et al. Effects of stubble returning to soil and fertilization on soil nitrogen availability and root biomass of cotton in arid region[J/OL]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(13): 2624-2634[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.13.020.
[30]	吴菲. 玉米秸秆连续多年还田对土壤理化性状和作物生长的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005.
	Wu Fei. Effects of maize straw incorporation for successive years on soil physical-chemical properties and crop growth[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2005.
[31]	陈冬林, 易镇邪, 周文新, 等. 不同土壤耕作方式下秸秆还田量对晚稻土壤养分与微生物的影响[J/OL]. 环境科学学报, 2010, 30(8): 1722-1728[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2010.08.026.
	Chen Donglin, Yi Zhenxie, Zhou Wenxin, et al. Effects of straw return on soil nutrients and microorganisms in late rice under different soil tillage systems[J/OL]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2010, 30(8): 1722-1728[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2010.08.026.
[32]	Ma Linjie, Kong Fanxuan, Wang Zhi, et al. Growth and yield of cotton as affected by different straw returning modes with an equivalent carbon input[J/OL]. Field Crops Research, 2019, 243(11): 107616[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107616.
[33]	闫超. 水稻秸秆还田腐解规律及对土壤养分和酶活性的影响[D]. 沈阳: 东北农业大学, 2012.
	Yan Chao. Decomposition regularity of rice straw returning to soil and its effect on soil nutrients and enzyme activity[D]. Shenyang: Northeast Agricultural University, 2012.
[34]	徐云连, 马友华, 吴蔚君, 等. 长期减量化施肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J/OL]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(6): 254-258[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.037.
	Xu Yunlian, Ma Youhua, Wu Weijun, et al. Effects of long-term reducing fertilization on yield and soil fertility of rice[J/OL]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(6): 254-258[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.037.
[35]	王昆昆, 刘秋霞, 朱芸, 等. 稻草覆盖还田对直播冬油菜生长及养分积累的影响[J/OL]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(6): 1047-1055[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11674/zwyf.18215.
	Wang Kunkun, Liu Qiuxia, Zhu Yun, et al. Effects of straw mulching on growth and nutrients accumulation of direct-sown winter oilseed rape[J/OL]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertili-zers, 2019, 25(6): 1047-1055[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11674/zwyf.18215.
[36]	王昆昆, 廖世鹏, 任涛, 等. 连续秸秆还田对油菜水稻轮作土壤磷素有效性及作物磷素利用效率的影响[J/OL]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(1): 94-104[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.009.
	Wang Kunkun, Liao Shipeng, Ren Tao, et al. Effect of continuous straw returning on soil phosphorus availability and crop phosphorus utilization efficiency of oilseed rape-rice rotation[J/OL]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(1): 94-104[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.009.
[37]	赵锋, 程建平, 张国忠, 等. 氮肥运筹和秸秆还田对直播稻氮素利用和产量的影响[J/OL]. 湖北农业科学, 2011, 50(18): 38-41[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0439-8114.2011.18.009.
	Zhao Feng, Cheng Jianping, Zhang Guozhong, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer regimes and returning straw on N availability and forming yield of direct-sowing rice[J/OL]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 50(18): 38-41[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0439-8114.2011.18.009.
[38]	霍竹, 王璞, 付晋峰. 秸秆还田与氮肥施用对夏玉米物质生产的影响研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2006, 14(2): 95-98.
	Huo Zhu, Wang Pu, Fu Jinfeng. Effects of crop residues incorporation and N fertilizer utilization on the matter production of summer maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2006, 14(2): 95-98.
[39]	唐志敏, 刘军, 刘建国. 秸秆还田对长期连作棉花光合速率及叶绿素荧光的影响[J/OL]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 30(3): 302-307[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7383.2012.03.007.
	Tang Zhimin, Liu Jun, Liu Jianguo. The effects of returning stalk to field on photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence of long-term continuous cropping of cotton[J/OL]. Journal of Shihezi University (natural science edition), 2012, 30(3): 302-307[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7383.2012.03.007.
[40]	张凡, 睢宁, 余超然, 等. 小麦秸秆还田和施钾对棉花产量与养分吸收的效应[J/OL]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(12): 2169-2175[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02169.
	Zhang Fan, Sui Ning, Yu Chaoran, et al. Effects of wheat straw returning and potassium fertilizer application on yield and nutrients uptake of cotton[J/OL]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(12): 2169-2175[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02169.
[41]	杨长琴, 刘瑞显, 张国伟, 等. 江苏滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉氮、磷、钾肥料优化配比研究[J/OL]. 棉花学报, 2020, 32(1): 11-20[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.ycqlrx.20191113.
	Yang Changqin, Liu Ruixian, Zhang Guowei, et al. Effects of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on field-seeded cotton after barley harvest grown in coastal saline fields in Jiangsu[J/OL]. Cotton Science, 2020, 32(1): 11-20[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.ycqlrx.20191113.
[42]	万毅林. 稻-菜轮作条件下秸秆还田与化肥减量配施对作物产量及土壤性质的影响[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2015.
	Wan Yilin. Effect of continuous straw coverage with reducing fertilization on crop yield and soil properties under rice-vegetable rotation system[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2015.
[43]	曹彩云, 郑春莲, 李科江, 等. 长期定位施肥对夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响研究[J/OL]. 中国生态农业学报, 2009, 17(6): 1074-1079[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1011.2009.01074.
	Cao Caiyun, Zheng Chunlian, Li Kejiang, et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on photosynthetic property and yield of summer maize (Zea mays L.)[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2009, 17(6): 1074-1079[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1011.2009.01074.
[44]	穆心愿, 赵霞, 谷利敏, 等. 秸秆还田量对不同基因型夏玉米产量及干物质转运的影响[J/OL]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(1): 29-41[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.003.
	Mu Xinyuan, Zhao Xia, Gu Limin, et al. Effects of straw returning amount on grain yield, dry matter accumulation and transfer in summer maize with different genotypes[J/OL]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(1): 29-41[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.003.
[45]	白伟, 张立祯, 逄焕成, 等. 秸秆还田配施氮肥对东北春玉米光合性能和产量的影响[J/OL]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(12): 1845-1855[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01845.
	Bai Wei, Zhang Lizhen, Pang Huancheng, et al. Effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic performance and yield of spring maize in Northeast China[J/OL]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(12): 1845-1855[2020-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01845.

处理 Treatment	施肥方式及用量Amount and methods of fertilizer application/(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	还田秸秆 Stalk returning	基肥 Basal fertilizer	追肥 Topdressing
NPK	0	尿素：67.80、复合肥：442.50、硫酸钾：54.90 Urea: 67.80, compound fertilizer: 442.50, K₂SO₄: 54.90	尿素：332.55、硫酸钾：162.00 Urea: 332.55, K₂SO₄: 162.00
S	3 000	0	0
NPKS	3 000	尿素：67.80、复合肥：442.50、硫酸钾：54.90 Urea: 67.80, compound fertilizer: 442.50, K₂SO₄: 54.90	尿素：332.55、硫酸钾：162.00 Urea: 332.55, K₂SO₄: 162.00
0.75NPKS	3 000	尿素：50.85、复合肥：331.88、硫酸钾：41.18 Urea: 50.85, compound fertilizer: 331.88, K₂SO₄: 41.18	尿素：249.41、硫酸钾：121.50 Urea: 249.41, K₂SO₄: 121.50
CRFS	3 000	缓控释肥：399.00、尿素：342.75、硫酸钾：203.10 Controlled-release fertilizer: 399.00, urea: 342.75, K₂SO₄: 203.10	0
0.75CRFS	3 000	缓控释肥：299.25、尿素：257.06、硫酸钾：152.32 Controlled-release fertilizer: 299.25, urea: 257.06, K₂SO₄: 152.32	0

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg ^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable N/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg^-1)
2016	NPK	11.03±0.18 a	43.55±1.71 a	28.61±1.56 a	121.11±5.88 a
	S	11.23±0.16 a	40.00±2.55 b	27.71±1.44 a	115.00±7.80 b
	NPKS	11.42±0.15 a	44.22±2.32 a	28.99±2.25 a	125.06±7.74 a
	0.75NPKS	11.40±0.11 a	43.27±1.91 ab	27.71±1.31 a	116.18±6.44 b
	CRFS	11.55±0.31 a	44.40±3.30 a	29.03±1.76 a	125.10±7.47 a
	0.75CRFS	11.52±0.24 a	43.42±1.55 a	27.64±1.10 a	118.33±3.77 b
2017	NPK	10.86±0.21 b	43.93±1.82 b	28.72±1.14 ab	120.30±6.09 b
	S	11.41±0.20 ab	33.00±1.25 c	26.03±1.74 c	108.20±6.20 c
	NPKS	11.71±0.22 a	47.12±3.21 a	29.08±2.02 a	131.44±4.92 a
	0.75NPKS	11.74±0.17 a	42.95±2.11 b	27.50±1.17 b	120.42±5.75 b
	CRFS	11.91±0.31 a	47.23±2.55 a	29.13±2.05 a	131.32±8.89 a
	0.75CRFS	11.90±0.20 a	43.91±1.89 b	27.44±1.88 b	121.15±6.44 b
2018	NPK	10.65±0.25 c	44.35±1.73 b	28.77±1.41 ab	122.41±2.55 b
	S	11.88±0.28 b	24.00±1.45 c	24.01±1.24 c	105.00±7.20 c
	NPKS	12.48±0.35 a	52.12±2.66 a	29.10±2.22 a	138.07±7.73 a
	0.75NPKS	12.46±0.19 a	43.40±1.57 b	27.35±1.78 b	121.81±4.66 b
	CRFS	12.53±0.31 a	53.68±2.44 a	29.17±3.01 a	139.03±8.76 a
	0.75CRFS	12.49±0.18 a	43.56±1.88 b	27.26±1.73 b	123.03±6.33 b

处理 Treatment	氮吸收量 N absorption/(kg·hm^-2)			磷吸收量 P absorption/(kg·hm^-2)			钾吸收量K absorption /(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
NPK	207.00 a	206.79 a	206.91 b	73.25 a	73.17 a	72.15 b	159.25 a	159.07 a	158.85 a
S	188.90 b	176.88 b	158.46 c	63.31 b	57.99 b	52.45 c	139.62 b	126.07 b	118.81 b
NPKS	212.12 a	213.62 a	216.49 a	75.06 a	75.59 a	76.60 a	163.17 a	163.32 a	160.52 a
0.75NPKS	211.10 a	211.82 a	212.02 ab	74.70 a	74.95 a	78.56 a	162.39 a	162.94 a	160.78 a
CRFS	211.55 a	213.37 a	218.71 a	74.85 a	76.91 a	77.93 a	162.73 a	166.21 a	163.93 a
0.75CRFS	210.75 a	216.02 a	217.57 a	74.57 a	76.44 a	77.88 a	162.12 a	166.17 a	162.03 a

处理 Treatment	REN/%			REP/%			REK/%
处理 Treatment	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
NPK	7.10 c	11.73 d	19.00 e	10.21 d	15.59 d	20.24 e	14.54 e	24.44 e	29.66 d
NPKS	9.11 b	14.41 c	22.76 d	12.07 c	18.08 c	24.81 d	17.44 d	27.59 d	30.90 d
0.75NPKS	11.61 a	18.27 b	28.01 b	15.60 b	23.23 b	35.76 b	22.49 b	36.41 b	41.45 b
CRFS	9.87 b	15.90 c	26.25 c	13.15 c	21.56 b	29.03 c	19.02 c	33.04 c	37.14 c
0.75CRFS	12.69 a	22.74 a	34.34 a	17.10 a	28.02 a	38.62 a	24.69 a	44.00 a	47.43 a

处理 Treatment	SPAD值 SPAD value			净光合速率P_n /(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
处理 Treatment	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
NPK	55.3±2.2 a	55.3±1.5 a	55.5±1.8 b	27.7±1.2 b	27.9±1.3 b	28.0±0.9 b
S	52.8±1.3 b	50.6±1.4 b	46.8±2.0 c	27.0±1.4 b	25.8±1.3 c	23.1±1.1 c
NPKS	56.6±1.8 a	57.9±1.4 a	58.4±1.7 a	30.2±1.4 a	30.2±1.5 a	30.6±1.7 a
0.75NPKS	55.5±1.3 a	55.7±1.8 a	55.7±1.6 b	27.7±1.3 b	28.2±1.8 b	28.4±1.4 b
CRFS	57.0±2.1 a	57.5±2.0 a	58.5±1.7 a	30.7±1.8 a	30.9±1.4 a	31.0±1.5 a
0.75CRFS	55.3±1.7 a	55.6±2.2 a	55.9±1.9 b	27.9±2.1 b	28.1±1.9 b	28.6±1.9 b