熟相是指棉株吐絮成熟期的衰老表现,有正常成熟、早衰和贪青晚熟等熟相之分,实现正常熟相需要协调的库源关系和根冠关系。整枝、嫁接和环割等措施通过改变棉花库源关系和根冠关系,导致细胞分裂素和脱落酸含量发生变化,引起早衰或贪青晚熟等异常熟相。品种自身的遗传背景、栽培措施和外界环境等都可以改变库源关系、根冠关系及相关的植物激素平衡,从而影响棉花熟相。受渗透胁迫、离子毒害和营养障碍等因素的影响,滨海盐碱地棉花容易出现库源关系和根冠关系失调,引起早衰或贪青晚熟等异常熟相,并导致棉花产量和纤维质量下降。本文提出,选用对路品种,不断改良培肥盐碱地减轻盐离子毒害和营养障碍,合理密植、科学整枝和适时适度化控,是滨海盐碱地棉花获得正常熟相、优质高产的有效途径。
Abstract
Maturity performance is termed as senescence performance of a cotton plant during boll opening. Normal maturity performance is obtained only when sink-source and root-canopy is well coordinated. A number of experiments have been conducted to confirm that removal of branches, seedling grafting and stem girding at squaring change sink-source, root-canopy and carbon-nitrogen metabolism. The cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) changed accordingly, thus leading to premature senescence or late-maturity performance of cotton. Cultivar itself, cultivation measures, and external environment can also affect cotton maturity performance through modifying sink-source and root-shoot relations, and hormone metabolism. Our results have shown that in coastal saline soils, salinity stress and nutritional disorders often lead to sink-source and root-canopy relation imbalance and premature senescence or late-maturity performance of cotton, and thus reduce cotton yield and fiber quality. This paper summarizes and reveals the effects and the underlying mechanisms of cultivar itself, cultivation measures, and external environment on sink-source and root-shoot relation and hormone metabolism. It is suggested that utilization of suitable cultivar, improvement of fertility of saline fields, rational pruning, increasing plant density, and proper chemical regulation are effective practices to obtain normal maturity performance and to increase yield of cotton in saline fields.
关键词
滨海盐碱地 /
棉花 /
盐胁迫 /
熟相
{{custom_keyword}} /
Keywords
coastal saline soils /
cotton /
salinity stress /
maturity performance
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] DONG He-zhong, Niu Yue-hua, Kong Xiang-qiang, et al. Effects of early-fruit removal on endogenous cytokinins and abscisic acid in relation to leaf senescence in cotton
[J]. Plant Growth Regulation, 2009, 59(2): 93-101.
[2] DONG He-zhong, Niu Yue-hua, Li Wei-jiang, et al. Effects of cotton rootstock on endogenous cytokinins and abscisic acid in xylem sap and leaves in relation to leaf senescence
[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008, 59: 1295-1304.
[3] DAI Jian-long, Dong He-zhong. Stem girdling influences concentrations of endogenous cytokinins and abscisic acid in relation to leaf senescence in cotton
[J]. Acta Physiol Plant, 2011, DOI: 10. 1007/s11738-010-0706-4.
[4] 张冬梅,董合忠,唐 薇,等.滨海盐碱地不同抗虫棉品种的产量和熟相及去早果枝的效应
[J].棉花学报,2008,22(3): 224- 230. ZHANG Dong-mei, Dong He-zhong, Tang Wei, et al. Yield and maturity performance of Bt transgenic cotton varieties and their response to removal of early fruiting branches in a coastal Saline field
[J]. Cotton Science, 2008, 22(3): 224-230.
[5] 董合忠,李维江,唐 薇,等.不同基因型抗虫棉的光合生产与叶源特征
[J].棉花学报,2005,17(6):328-333. DONG He-zhong, Li Wei-jiang, Tang Wei, et al. Photosynthetic production and leaf source parameters of various Bt cotton genotypes
[J]. Cotton Science, 2005, 17(6): 328-333.
[6] 郑继有,赵洪亮,冯安昌.棉花生产技术术语[S]. DB37/ T151-2010,2010:1-12. ZHENG Ji-you, Zhao Hong-liang, Fen An-chang. The technical terms of cotton production[S]. DB37/T151-2010, 2010: 1-12.
[7] 代建龙,董合忠,李维江,等.棉花早衰的表现及其机理
[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(3):210-214. DAI Jian-long, Dong He-zhong, Li Wei-Jiang, et al. Performance and mechanisms of premature senescence in cotton
[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 24(3): 210-214.
[8] 董合忠,李维江,唐 薇,等.棉花生理性早衰研究进展
[J].棉花学报,2005,17(1):56-60.
DONG He-zhong, Li Wei-jiang, Tang Wei, et al. Research progress in physiological premature senescence in cotton
[J]. Cotton Science, 2005, 17(1): 56-60.
[9] PLAUT Z, Mayoral M L, Reinhold L. Effect of altered sink: source ratio on photosynthetic metabolism of source leaves
[J]. Plant Physiology, 1987, 85(30): 786-791.
[10] 李振怀,李维江,唐 薇.等. 不同抗虫棉基因型的生长发育和产量表现
[J].棉花学报,2005,17(3):155-159. LI Zhen-huai, Li Wei-jiang, Tang Wei, et al. Plant growth and development and yield performance of various Bt cotton genotypes
[J]. Cotton Science, 2005, 17(3): 155-159.
[11] 牛曰华,董合忠,李维江,等.去早果枝对抗虫棉产量、品质和早衰的影响
[J].棉花学报,2007,19(1):52-56. NIU Yue-hua, Dong He-zhong, Li Wei-jiang, et al. Effects of removal of early fruiting branches on yield, fiber qual ity and premature senescence in Bt transgenic cotton
[J]. Cotton Science, 2007, 19(1): 52-56.
[12] 董合忠,牛曰华,李维江,等.不同整枝方式对棉花库源关系的调节效应
[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):819-824. DONG He-zhong, Niu Yue-hua, Li Wei-jiang, et al. Regulation effects of various training modes on source-sink relation of cotton
[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(4): 819- 824.
[13] 田晓莉,杨培珠,段留生,等.转Bt基因抗虫棉库源关系的初步研究
[J].棉花学报,1999,11(3):151-156. TIAN Xiao-li, Yang Pei-zhu, Duan Liu-Sheng, et al. Preliminary study on the sourcesink relationship of Bt transgenic cotton
[J]. Cotton Science, 1999, 11(3): 151-156.
[14] HE P, Osaki M, Takebe M, et al. Endogenous hormones and expression of senescence-related genes in different senescent type of maize
[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2005, 56: 1117- 1128.
[15] 杨苏龙,史俊东,陈艳英,等.山西晋南抗虫棉早衰原因及防治
[J].中国棉花,2008,35(4):30. YANG Su-long, Shi Jun-dong, Chen Yan-ying, et al. The causes and prevention techniques of transgenic insect-resistant cotton premature senescence in jinnan of Shanxi province
[J]. China Cotton, 2008, 35(4): 30.
[16] 董合忠.盐碱地棉花栽培学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010. DONG He-zhong. Cotton farming in saline soil[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2010.
[17] 董合忠,李振怀,罗 振,等.密度和留叶枝对棉株产量的空间分布和熟相的影响
[J].中国农业生态学报,2010,18(4):792-798. DONG He-zhong, Li Zhen-Huai, Luo Zhen, et al. Effect of plant density and vegetative branch retention on within-plant yield distribution and maturity performance of cotton
[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2010, 18(4): 792-798.
[18] 董合忠,李维江,唐 薇,等.留叶枝对抗虫杂交棉库源关系的调节效应和对叶片衰老与皮棉产量的影响
[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(5):909-915. DONG He-zhong, Li Wei-jiang, Tang Wei, et al. Effects of retention of vegetative branches on source-sink relation, leaf senescence and lint yield in Bt transgenic hybrid cotton
[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(5): 909-915.
[19] 张冬梅,李维江,唐 薇, 等.种植密度与留叶枝对棉花产量和早熟性的互作效应
[J].棉花学报,2010,22(3):224-230. ZHANG Dong-mei, Li Wei-jiang, Tang Wei, et al. Interaction of plant density with retention of vegetative branches on yield and earliness of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
[J]. Cotton Science, 2010, 22(3): 224-230.
[20] DONG He-zhong, Li Wei-jiang, Xin Cheng-song, et al. Late-planting of short-season cotton in saline fields of the Yellow River Delta
[J]. Crop Science, 2010, 50: 292-300.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
基金
国家自然科学基金(30971720)和国家棉花产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-18-21)资助
{{custom_fund}}