棉花学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 155-168.doi: 10.11963/1002-7807.zycygz.20210310
张友昌1(),黄晓莉2,胡爱兵3,李洪菊4,冯常辉1,李蔚2,张贤红3,罗艳萍4,杨国正5,*(
)
收稿日期:
2020-03-24
出版日期:
2021-03-15
发布日期:
2021-04-08
通讯作者:
杨国正
E-mail:zhych307@163.com;ygzh9999@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:
张友昌(1984―),男,硕士,
Zhang Youchang1(),Huang Xiaoli2,Hu Aibing3,Li Hongju4,Feng Changhui1,Li Wei2,Zhang Xianhong3,Luo Yanping4,Yang Guozheng5,*(
)
Received:
2020-03-24
Online:
2021-03-15
Published:
2021-04-08
Contact:
Yang Guozheng
E-mail:zhych307@163.com;ygzh9999@mail.hzau.edu.cn
摘要:
【目的】 晚播、增密、减氮是长江流域棉花生产通过缩短生产周期来降低人工成本和物化成本的有效途径,适宜的播种时间是麦/油后直播棉花产量形成的重要影响因子,但是适宜的播期及晚播下限的研究未见报道。【方法】 2018年和2019年在湖北省主产棉区4个试验点进行播期试验,试验设5个播期处理,分别为5月20日、5月25日、5月30日、6月4日、6月9日,在高密度、低氮条件下,研究不同播种时间对棉花生育进程、田间长势长相、产量和品质的影响。【结果】 推迟播种可通过缩短播种出苗期和苗期加速棉花生育进程,全生育期缩短,纤维品质稳定。但是,随播期推迟,伏桃数量、单株铃数、单位面积成铃数、籽棉产量及成熟期吐絮率下降。特别是过迟播种,单位面积成铃数、10月20日吐絮率及产量会显著下降。【结论】 长江流域相似棉区麦/油后直播模式最适播期建议在5月25日左右,以不晚于6月4日为宜。
张友昌,黄晓莉,胡爱兵,李洪菊,冯常辉,李蔚,张贤红,罗艳萍,杨国正. 长江流域麦/油后直播棉花播种时间下限研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(2): 155-168.
Zhang Youchang,Huang Xiaoli,Hu Aibing,Li Hongju,Feng Changhui,Li Wei,Zhang Xianhong,Luo Yanping,Yang Guozheng. Study on the limitation of late sowing date on cotton planted after wheat/rape in the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Cotton Science, 2021, 33(2): 155-168.
表1
不同播种时间对棉花生育进程的影响"
处理 Treatment | 播种出苗期 Emergence period /d | 苗期 Seedling period /d | 蕾期 Squaring period /d | 花铃期 Boll setting period /d | 生育期 Growth period /d |
年份Year | |||||
2018 | 7.2 a | 31.7 b | 22.6 a | 49.8 a | 106.4 a |
2019 | 6.6 b | 34.1 a | 18.4 b | 45.8 b | 98.6 b |
地点Location | |||||
黄冈 Huanggang | 6.5 c | 24.7 d | 26.2 a | 44.6 b | 101.8 c |
荆门 Jingmen | 7.8 c | 30.7 c | 19.4 b | 48.2 a | 110.5 a |
荆州 Jingzhou | 7.0 b | 35.7 a | 17.6 c | 49.2 a | 106.6 b |
武昌 Wuchang | 7.5 a | 34.9 b | 17.9 c | 45.7 c | 98.3 d |
播期Sowing date | |||||
05-20 | 7.4 a | 35.5 a | 19.3 c | 45.9 c | 108.1 b |
05-25 | 7.5 a | 33.6 b | 20.2 b | 49.4 a | 110.7 a |
05-30 | 7.0 b | 33.3 b | 20.0 b | 49.7 a | 110.0 a |
06-04 | 6.6 c | 31.2 c | 21.2 a | 46.3 c | 105.3 c |
06-09 | 6.2 d | 31.1 c | 21.8 a | 47.7 b | 106.8 c |
方差来源Source of interaction variation | |||||
SD*Y | ** | ** | ** | * | * |
SD*L | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Y*L | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
SD*Y*L | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
表2
不同时期田间农艺性状"
处理 Treatment | 蕾期(07-15) Squaring date | 花铃期(08-15) Flowering and boll setting date | 吐絮期(09-15) Opening date | 成熟期(10-20) Maturity date | |||
第一果枝节位 Node of the first fruiting branch | 单株小铃数 Small boll No. per plant | 单株大铃数 Big boll No. per plant | 株高 Height /cm | 单株铃数 Boll No. per plant | 吐絮率 Percent of opened bolls /% | ||
年份Year | |||||||
2018 | 7.2 a | 5.6 a | 2.6 a | 93.9 a | 11.1 b | 83.3 a | |
2019 | 6.8 a | 5.3 a | 2.1 b | 85.6 b | 11.9 a | 83.3 a | |
地点Location | |||||||
黄冈 Huanggang | 6.7 b | 7.2 a | 3.6 a | 98.5 a | 14.5 a | 84.5 b | |
荆门Jingmen | 7.5 a | 3.6 c | 1.5 c | 76.1 c | 9.6 c | 65.8 c | |
荆州Jingzhou | 6.9 b | 5.7 b | 1.6 c | 85.7 b | 8.5 d | 92.0 a | |
武昌Wuchang | 7.3 a | 5.5 b | 2.7 b | 98.8 a | 13.4 b | 90.7 a | |
播期Sowing date | |||||||
05-20 | 7.5 ab | 5.4 a | 3.9 a | 89.3 a | 11.5 a | 86.3 a | |
05-25 | 7.8 a | 5.4 a | 3.0 b | 89.8 a | 12.3 a | 84.4 a | |
05-30 | 7.7 a | 5.9 a | 2.1 c | 88.8 a | 11.8 a | 83.5 a | |
06-04 | 7.0 b | 5.6 a | 1.8 c | 88.9 a | 11.3 a | 83.3 a | |
06-09 | 6.0 c | 5.2 a | 0.9 d | 91.9 a | 10.6 b | 75.3 b | |
方差来源Source of interaction variation | |||||||
SD*Y | * | ns | * | ns | ns | * | |
SD*L | ** | ns | * | * | ns | * | |
Y*L | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns | ** | |
SD*Y*L | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表3
不同播期处理的产量及其构成"
处理 Treatment | 成铃数 Bolls number /m-2 | 铃重 Boll weight /g | 衣分 Lint percentage /% | 产量 Yield /(kg·hm-2) | |
籽棉 Lint cotton | 皮棉 Seed cotton | ||||
年份Year | |||||
2018 | 72.0 b | 5.0 b | 41.7 a | 3 321 b | 1 378 b |
2019 | 78.3 a | 5.3 a | 41.9 a | 3 567 a | 1 491 a |
地点Location | |||||
黄冈 Huanggang | 99.9 a | 5.3 a | 41.0 b | 4 112 a | 1 689 a |
荆门Jingmen | 72.6 c | 5.4 a | 41.4 b | 3 871 b | 1 549 b |
荆州Jingzhou | 60.1 d | 4.9 b | 41.2 b | 2 477 c | 1 018 c |
武昌Wuchang | 85.7 b | 4.9 b | 43.6 a | 3 593 b | 1 568 b |
播期Sowing date | |||||
05-20 | 78.9 a | 5.1 b | 41.9 a | 3 622 a | 1 510 a |
05-25 | 79.8 a | 5.0 b | 42.1 a | 3 678 a | 1 549 a |
05-30 | 76.6 ab | 5.1 ab | 41.7 a | 3 542 ab | 1 459 ab |
06-04 | 74.3 ab | 5.2 ab | 41.6 a | 3 402 b | 1 418 b |
06-09 | 69.2 b | 5.3 a | 41.5 a | 2 979 c | 1 237 c |
方差来源Source of interaction variation | |||||
SD*Y | ns | ns | ** | ns | ns |
SD*L | * | ns | ns | ** | ** |
Y*L | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
SD*Y*L | * | * | ns | ns | ns |
表4
不同播期处理对品质性状的影响"
处理 Treatment | 纤维长度 Fiber length /mm | 长度整齐度 Uniformity /% | 断裂比强度 Fiber strength/(cN·tex-1) | 马克隆值 Micronaire | 伸长率 Elongation /% |
年份Year | |||||
2018 | 30.1 a | 85.7 a | 31.5 a | 5.3 a | 6.8 a |
2019 | 29.3 b | 85.6 a | 31.4 a | 5.3 a | 5.9 b |
地点Location | |||||
黄冈 Huanggang | 29.7 c | 85.5 b | 33.3 a | 5.3 b | 6.8 a |
荆门 Jingmen | 30.8 a | 86.0 a | 32.5 b | 5.1 c | 6.5 b |
荆州 Jingzhou | 30.0 b | 86.2 a | 31.5 c | 5.2 b | 6.3 c |
武昌 Wuchang | 28.3 d | 84.9 c | 28.4 d | 5.6 a | 5.9 d |
播期Sowing date | |||||
05-20 | 29.5 b | 85.4 a | 31.7 a | 5.4 a | 6.3 b |
05-25 | 29.8 b | 85.8 a | 31.7 a | 5.2 b | 6.3 b |
05-30 | 29.6 b | 85.6 a | 30.7 b | 5.4 a | 6.4 ab |
06-04 | 30.1 a | 85.8 a | 31.5 a | 5.2 b | 6.4 ab |
06-09 | 29.8 b | 85.6 a | 31.5 a | 5.2 b | 6.5 a |
方差来源Source of interaction variation | |||||
SD*Y | ** | ** | ** | ** | * |
SD*L | ** | ** | ** | ** | * |
Y*L | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
SD*Y*L | ** | ** | * | * | ** |
表5
不同播期对棉花成铃时间分布的影响"
处理 Treatment | 伏桃Bolls before Aug.15 | 秋桃 Bolls after Aug.16 | |||
单株成铃数 No. of bolls per plant | 占总铃百分比/% Percentage of total bolls | 单株成铃数 No. of bolls per plant | 占总铃百分比/% Percentage of total bolls | ||
年份Year | |||||
2018 | 2.1 b | 13.5 | 9.0 a | 86.5 | |
2019 | 2.6 a | 21.6 | 8.9 a | 78.4 | |
地点Location | |||||
黄冈 Huanggang | 3.6 a | 26.9 | 9.8 b | 73.1 | |
荆门 Jingmen | 1.5 c | 15.6 | 7.7 c | 84.4 | |
荆州 Jingzhou | 1.6 c | 18.8 | 6.9 c | 81.2 | |
武昌 Wuchang | 2.7 b | 18.6 | 11.4 a | 81.4 | |
播期Sowing date | |||||
05-20 | 3.9 a | 31.6 | 7.4 c | 68.4 | |
05-25 | 3.0 b | 23.4 | 8.5 bc | 76.6 | |
05-30 | 2.1 c | 14.3 | 9.7 ab | 85.8 | |
06-04 | 1.8 c | 13.6 | 9.0 ab | 86.5 | |
06-09 | 0.9 d | 4.65 | 10.1 a | 95.5 | |
方差来源Source of interaction variation | |||||
SD*Y | * | / | ns | / | |
SD*L | * | / | ns | / | |
Y*L | ** | / | ns | / | |
SD*Y*L | ns | / | ns | / |
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