长江流域大麦后直播棉集中成铃与高产协同表达群体株型特征

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.zxcdh.20171016

棉花学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 513-524.doi: 10.11963/1002-7807.zxcdh.20171016

长江流域大麦后直播棉集中成铃与高产协同表达群体株型特征

张祥^1,4，胡大鹏¹，李亚兵²，田巧凤¹，王国平²，卢俊³，花明明^1,3，陈源¹，陈德华^1*

1. 扬州大学农学院江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点，江苏扬州 225009；2. 中国农业科学院棉花研究所，河南安阳 455000；3. 江苏金色农业科技发展有限公司，江苏盐城 224000；4. Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory，University of Georgia，Athens，GA 30605，USA

收稿日期:2017-12-29 出版日期:2017-11-15 发布日期:2017-11-15
通讯作者: cdh@yzu.edu.cn
作者简介:张祥（1981―），男，副教授，yzzhangxiang@163.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-18-18），国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0201306），国家自然科学基金(31671613、31471435)，江苏省农业三新工程［SXGC(2016)320］，中国农业科学院科技创新工程（植棉技术标准化团队，2016PCTS-1），国家博士后基金（2016M591934），江苏省博士后基金（1601116C），江苏省高校优势学科建设工程，江苏高校品牌专业建设工程，江苏省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目（17KJA210003）

The Plant Architecture of Direct-Sowing Cotton Planted after Barley Harvested with High Yield and Centralized Boll-Setting

Zhang Xiang^1,4, Hu Dapeng¹, Li Yabing², Tian Xiaofeng¹, Wang Guoping², Lu Jun³, Hua Mingming^1,3, Chen Yuan¹, Chen Dehua^1*

1. Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; 2. Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; 3. Jiangsu Golden Agriculture Co., LTD, Yanchen, Jiangsu 224000, China; 4. Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, US

Received:2017-12-29 Online:2017-11-15 Published:2017-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究品种和氮肥运筹对麦后直播棉成铃、产量和株型影响，明确长江流域棉花集中成铃与高产协同表达群体株型特征。【方法】采用大田试验，2014年和2015年前茬均为大麦，2014年以国欣12-1、宜机棉、鲁棉研36为供试品种，设计2种氮肥用量水平（45 kg·hm^－2、150 kg·hm^－2）；2015年进一步以国欣12-1为材料，设置2个缓释肥纯氮用量（150 kg·hm^－2、225 kg·hm^－2）和2种运筹（苗肥和花肥质量比分别为70%∶30%和100%∶0）处理，并以常规施肥（纯氮150 kg·hm^－2）和不施肥为对照。【结果】2014年施纯氮150 kg·hm^－2时，国欣12-1籽棉产量达4 014.72 kg·hm^－2且显著高于其它处理；2015年苗期一次性施入缓释肥氮素用量150 kg·hm^－2的处理比常规施肥处理增产30.96%；前述2个处理下，国欣12-1成铃也较为集中， 8月15日至8月30日成铃数占总成铃数比率（成铃率）分别达31.8%，26.1%，均高于其它处理。相关分析表明同期成铃率与籽棉产量极显著正相关（r2014＝0.948^**、r2015＝0.976^**）。进一步分析株型指标与8月15日至8月30日成铃率、籽棉产量的关系，提出了长江流域大麦后直播棉群体优化指标。【结论】大麦后直播棉群体优化指标可以实现高产和集中成铃的协同表达。

关键词: 大麦后直播棉; 氮肥; 株型; 集中成铃; 高产

Abstract: [Object] The study was conducted to investigate the plant architecture characteristic of direct sowing cotton planted after barely harvested with high yield and centralized boll-setting in the Yangtze River basin. [Method] In 2014, the cultivars Guoxin 12-1, Yijimian and Lumianyan 36 were used and the two conventional fertilizer (CF) application rates (namely pure nitrogen 45 kg·hm^－2, 150 kg·hm^－2) and Guoxin 12-1 was used in 2015. Two slow release fertilizer (SR) utilization rates (namely pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm^－2 and 225 kg·hm^－2) and two SR topdressing at different growth stages (namely 100% topdressing at seedling stage, 70% topdressing at seedling stage + 30% at flowing stage) were set with CF (pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm^－2) and no fertilizer treatment as the controls. [Result] While the pure nitrogen (CF) amount was 150 kg·hm^－2, the seed cotton yield of Guoxin 12-1 were 4 014.72 kg·hm^－2. In 2015, the seed cotton yield for the treatment, application SR (pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm^－2) and application ratios of seedling stage and flowering stage of 100% and 0, respectively, increased by 30.96%. The ratios of bolls setting from 08-15 to 08-30 to total bolls (RBT) for the two treatments were 31.8% and 26.1%, respectively. Then a significantly positive correlation between the seed cotton yield and RBT was found（r2014＝0.948^**, r2015＝0.976^**）. Based on the analysis of relationship between the plant architecture indexes and RBT, plant architecture characteristics of cotton population with high yield and centralized boll-setting was proposed. [Conclusion] These indexes would be used to supervise the cotton culture management to achieve high yield and centralized boll-setting for the direct sowing cotton planted after barely harvested.

Key words: direct sowing cotton planted after barley harvested; nitrogen; plant type; centralized boll-setting; high-yield

中图分类号:

S562.04

张祥, 胡大鹏, 李亚兵, 田巧凤, 王国平, 卢俊, 花明明, 陈源, 陈德华. 长江流域大麦后直播棉集中成铃与高产协同表达群体株型特征[J]. 棉花学报, 2017, 29(6): 513-524.

Zhang Xiang, Hu Dapeng, Li Yabing, Tian Xiaofeng, Wang Guoping, Lu Jun, Hua Mingming, Chen Yuan, Chen Dehua. The Plant Architecture of Direct-Sowing Cotton Planted after Barley Harvested with High Yield and Centralized Boll-Setting[J]. Cotton Science, 2017, 29(6): 513-524.

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长江流域大麦后直播棉集中成铃与高产协同表达群体株型特征

The Plant Architecture of Direct-Sowing Cotton Planted after Barley Harvested with High Yield and Centralized Boll-Setting

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