不同播期与打顶时间对麦（油）后直播短季棉产量及纤维品质的影响

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.ycqlrx.20171105

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探索播期与打顶时间对麦（油）后直播短季棉产量、产量特性及纤维品质的影响。【方法】以中棉所50为材料，采用裂区设计，研究不同播期(月-日)（S₁，05-25；S₂，06-10）和打顶时间(月-日)（T1，07-30；T₂，08-07；T₃，08-15）对长江流域下游植棉区麦（油）后直播短季棉产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】播期间，皮棉产量和霜前花率及铃数、铃重和衣分均以S₂条件下较低；果枝数和果节数以S₂条件下较低而成铃率以S₁较低。打顶时间间，皮棉产量和霜前花率随打顶时间推迟而降低；果枝数、果节数及节枝比随打顶时间推迟增加而成铃率降低。互作显示，皮棉产量与霜前花率均以S₁T₁处理较高；果枝数和果节数以S₁T₁、S₁T₂和S₁T₃处理较高，成铃率以S₂T₁和S₁T₁较高。相关性分析表明，皮棉产量与果枝数、果节数、铃数显著正相关，但与节枝比、成铃率相关不显著。此外，播期间，以S₂条件下棉株下部和中部果枝成铃分布比例较高而上部较低；打顶时间间，下部和中部果枝成铃分布比例随打顶时间推迟降低而上部增加。就棉铃纤维品质而言，S₁T₁处理不同果枝部位棉铃的纤维长度、纤维比强度和中部马克隆值均较优。【结论】长江流域下游植棉区，麦（油）后直播短季棉于5月25日播种、7月底打顶有利于其高产、稳产和优质。

关键词: 麦（油）后直播短季棉; 播期和打顶时间; 产量及其特性; 纤维品质

Abstract: [Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seeding date and topping date on yield, yield characteristics and fiber quality of short-season cotton (CCRI 50) field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest. [Method] A split-plot design with three replicates was used for the study in Nanjing, Jiangsu province of China in 2014-2015. The main plots comprised two seeding dates (S₁: 25th May and S₂: 10th June), while topping dates (T₁: 30th July, T₂: 7th August and T₃: 15th August) constituted the subplots. [Result] The lint yield, the ratio of yield before frost, boll number, boll weight and lint percent of S₂ were lower than those of S₁. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes of S₂ were less than those of S₁ while it was the opposite for the boll setting ratio. The lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost decreased with the delay of topping date. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes, the ratio of them increased with the delay of topping date while the boll setting ratio decreased. The interaction of sowing date × topping date showed that the treatment of S₁T₁ achieved higher value in lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost. The higher number of fruit branches and fruit nodes were found at the treatment of S₁T₁, S₁T₂ and S1T3 and higher boll setting ratio were found at the treatment of S₂T₁ and S₁T₁. Correlation analysis showed that the lint yield positively and significantly correlated with the number of fruit branches and fruit nodes and boll number, but did not significantly correlate with boll setting ratio and the ratio of fruit branches number to nodes number. In addition, the boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches of S₂ were more than those of S₁ while it was the opposite for that of up fruit branches. The boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches decreased with the delay of topping date while it was the opposite for that of up-fruit branches. The treatment of S₁T₁ could be better to improve fiber length and fiber strength of different fruit branches and the micronaire value of middle fruit branches. [Conclusion] The treatment of S₁T₁ is conducive to high yield and fiber quality of short-season cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest in lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: short-season cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest; seeding date and topping date; yield and yield characteristics; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562.04

杨长琴, 张国伟, 刘瑞显, 倪万潮. 不同播期与打顶时间对麦（油）后直播短季棉产量及纤维品质的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2017, 29(6): 525-532.

Yang Changqin, Zhang Guowei, Liu Ruixian, Ni Wanchao. Effects of Seeding Date and Topping Date on Yield and Fiber Quality of Short-Season Cotton Field-Seeded after Barley(Rape)/Wheat Harvest[J]. Cotton Science, 2017, 29(6): 525-532.

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https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2017/V29/I6/525

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