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晚播增密对棉花群体光合及干物质积累与分配的影响
李慧,万华龙,田立文,刘连涛,张永江,白志英,张科,王国平,孙红春,李存东
PDF(2455 KB)
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晚播增密对棉花群体光合及干物质积累与分配的影响
The Effects of Increased-Density on Canopy Apparent Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Cotton under Late-Sown Condition
【目的】研究晚播条件下不同高密度棉花群体光合速率、叶面积指数和干物质积累与分配特点,旨在探索黄河流域冀中植棉区棉花晚播适宜的密度。【方法】于2017年和2018年进行大田试验,设置2个密度处理:9.0万株·hm-2（D1）和12.0万株·hm-2（D2）。2017年以农大601和国欣棉9号为材料,2018年供试品种为农大601。研究不同高密度对棉花群体光合特性及产量构成的影响。【结果】在棉花快速生长时期,D2密度的叶面积指数显著高于D1,可见较高密度在棉花旺盛生长阶段易创建较大的冠层结构,但过高的叶面积指数导致群体郁闭,不利于群体光合性能提高,尽管D2群体总干物质及营养器官干物质积累较多,但较强营养生长势制约了生殖生长,导致生殖器官养分分配比例降低;增加密度对铃重及衣分没有影响,可能因为年际间气候因素影响,其他产量构成因素2年结果不尽一致。【结论】在该地区适宜晚播条件下,D1更有利于构建合理的棉花群体结构,易达到稳产;而D2有获得高产的潜力,在提高群体干物质总量的基础上,进一步通过化控技术改善群体器官间养分分配,提高经济系数可获得更好产量。
[Objective] The effects of high planting densities on canopy apparent photosynthesis, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution features of cotton were studied, with purpose to elucidate the suitable density for late cotton-sown system in the Yellow River cultivation region. [Method] Field experiments including two planting density treatments (D1 of 9.0×104 plant·hm-2 and D2 of 12.0×104 plant·hm-2) were conducted during the 2017 and 2018 growth seasons, using cultivars Nongda 601(ND-601) and Guoxin Cotton 9(GX-9) in 2017 and Nongda 601 in 2018 as the materials. The effects of densities on photosynthetic characteristics and yield components were investigated. [Result] At fast growth stage, the leaf area index under D2 was significantly higher than that of D1, which sustained longer peak duration under the former condition. These results suggested that higher density can promote the generation of enlarged canopy structure at vigorous growth stage. However, much intensified leaf area index resulted in population shading and reduced canopy apparent photosynthesis. Although D2 treatment was shown to benefit the biomass accumulation of the population plants and the vegetative organs. But the enhanced vegetative growth led to restriction on the reproductive tissue, which resulted in lowered nutrient distribution to reproductive organ; the increase of density was no significant difference on boll weight and lint percentage. Perhaps because of the interannual climate variation, the results of other yield components obtained across the two growth seasons were inconsistent with each other. [Conclusion] Under the suitable conditions, D1 treatment is beneficial to establish the reasonable population structure and to achieve stable yield. In contrast, the D2 treatment has the potential to achieve higher yield. Our results suggested that D2 together with adoption of chemical control technology can help high-yielding cultivation, through increasing population dry matter amount, improving nutrient distribution across organs, and elevating harvest index of the cotton plants.
棉花 / 密度 / 群体光合特性 / 干物质积累与分配 {{custom_keyword}} /
cotton / density / canopy apparent photosynthesis / dry matter accumulation and distribution {{custom_keyword}} /
图1 不同密度下棉花叶面积指数的变化（2017―2018年）不同小写字母表示0.05水平下的差异显著（P<0.05）。误差线表示3个重复的标准差。Fig. 1 Variation of different densities on leaf area index of cotton in 2017 and 2018 Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (P<0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated for three replications. |
图2 不同密度下棉花群体光合速率的比较（2017―2018年）不同小写字母表示0.05水平下的差异显著（P<0.05）。误差线表示3个重复的标准差。Fig. 2 Comparison of canopy apparent photosynthesis of cotton under different densities in 2017 and 2018 Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (P<0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated for three replications. |
图3 不同密度下棉花群体总干物质积累的比较（2017―2018年）不同小写字母表示0.05水平下的差异显著（P<0.05）。误差线表示3个重复的标准差。Fig. 3 Comparison of population total dry matter accumulation of cotton under different densities in 2017 and 2018 Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (P<0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated for three replications. |
图4 不同密度下棉花生殖器官群体干物质积累量的比较（2017―2018年）不同小写字母表示0.05水平下的差异显著（P<0.05）。误差线表示3个重复的标准差。Fig. 4 Comparison of population dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs of cotton under different densities in 2017 and 2018 Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (P<0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated for three replications. |
图5 不同密度下棉花群体营养器官干物质积累的比较（2017―2018年）不同小写字母表示0.05水平下的差异显著（P<0.05）。误差线表示3个重复的标准差。Fig. 5 Comparison of population dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs of cotton under different densities in 2017 and 2018 Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (P<0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated for three replications. |
图6 不同密度下棉花群体生殖器官干物质分配比例的比较（2017―2018年）不同小写字母表示0.05水平下的差异显著（P<0.05）。误差线表示3个重复的标准差。Fig. 6 Comparison of the allocation ratio of reproductive organs dry matter of cotton under different densities in 2017 and 2018 Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (P<0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated for three replications. |
图7 不同密度下棉花群体营养器官干物质分配比例的比较（2017―2018年）不同小写字母表示0.05水平下的差异显著（P<0.05）。误差线表示3个重复的标准差。Fig. 7 Comparison of the allocation ratios of vegetative organs dry matter of cotton under different densities in 2017 and 2018==717 Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (P<0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated for three replications. |
表1 不同密度下不同品种棉田产量及产量构成因素的比较（2017―2018年）Table 1 Comparison of yield and yield components of cotton under different densities and cultivars in 2017 and 2018 |
| 年份 Years | 品种 Cultivars | 处理 Treatments | 单株成铃数 Boll number per plant | 群体成铃数 Population boll number per hectare/(104) | 铃重 Boll weight/g | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/ (kg·hm-2) | 衣分 Lint percentage/% |
| 2017 | ND-601 | D1 | 8.09 a | 72.91 a | 6.09 a | 4 440.13 a | 41.42 a |
| D2 | 6.12 b | 73.45 a | 6.10 a | 4 480.29 a | 43.09 a | ||
| GX-9 | D1 | 8.38 a | 75.46 a | 5.92 a | 4 467.11 a | 43.91 a | |
| D2 | 5.64 b | 67.79 a | 6.08 a | 4 121.44 a | 42.19 a | ||
| 2018 | ND-601 | D1 | 6.91 a | 62.03 b | 4.80 a | 2 977.50 b | 34.26 a |
| D2 | 6.50 a | 78.42 a | 4.82 a | 3 780.00 a | 34.02 a |
| 注:同列数据后小写字母不同表示0.05水平差异显著（P<0.05）。 | |
| Note: Different lowercase letters within the same parameter labeled indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (P<0.05). |
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图1 不同密度下棉花叶面积指数的变化（2017―2018年）图2 不同密度下棉花群体光合速率的比较（2017―2018年）图3 不同密度下棉花群体总干物质积累的比较（2017―2018年）图4 不同密度下棉花生殖器官群体干物质积累量的比较（2017―2018年）图5 不同密度下棉花群体营养器官干物质积累的比较（2017―2018年）图6 不同密度下棉花群体生殖器官干物质分配比例的比较（2017―2018年）图7 不同密度下棉花群体营养器官干物质分配比例的比较（2017―2018年）
表1 不同密度下不同品种棉田产量及产量构成因素的比较（2017―2018年）/
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