冀东滨海盐碱地机采模式下播期对棉花产量和品质形成的影响

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.fgylyz.20180717

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究播期对冀东滨海盐碱棉田机采棉模式下不同类型棉花品种产量和品质形成的影响，明确提高产量和品质一致性的适宜播期和收获方式。【方法】采用大田试验，2017 年前茬均为棉花，以杂交棉冀杂2号和常规棉石抗126为供试品种，设计4月15日（B1）、4月25日（B2）、5月5日（B3）3个播期水平，在9月10日、9月20日、9月30日、10月10日、10月20日、10月30日这6个日期进行收获。【结果】冀杂2号5月5日播种皮棉产量接近1 400 kg·hm^－2；石抗126则为4月25日播种产量水平最高。不同播期产量主要在9月形成，均占75%以上。纤维品质9月优于10月；冀杂2号随播期推迟而提高，石抗126表现为第2播期（4月25日）较优。冀杂2号第3播期（5月5日）9月棉纤维马克隆值、上半部平均长度和长度整齐度指数差异较小；石抗126第2播期9月20日之前纤维品质指标优化明显，且马克隆值、上半部平均长度和长度整齐度指数一致性较高。【结论】综合产量和品质指标，冀东滨海盐碱地机采棉模式下杂交棉冀杂2号适宜5月5日左右播种，9月底收获1次；常规棉石抗126则应在4月25日左右播种，9月下旬收获1次。

关键词: 棉花; 滨海盐碱地; 播期; 产量; 纤维品质

Abstract: [Objective] The effects of sowing date on the yield and quality formation of two different cotton cultivars were studied under machine-picked conditions in the coastal saline-alkali area of Eastern Hebei Province, China to identify the optimal sowing date and harvest method to improve cotton yield and quality consistency. [Method] The experiments were conducted in the state-run Haixing farm in Hebei Province during 2017 with a cotton crop seeded in 2016. The hybrid cotton Jiza 2 and conventional cotton Shikang 126 were used in this experiment. Varieties were tested using three sowing dates: April 15 (B1), April 25 (B2), and May 5 (B3) as the main plot. Six harvest dates were also used as subplots in this experiment: September 10, September 20, September 30, October 10, October 20, and October 30. [Results] The lint yield of Jiza 2 was nearly 1 400 kg·hm^－2 when the sowing date was May 5. Conversely, the highest lint yield for Shikang 126 was obtained when the cotton was sown on April 25. The yield associated with different sowing times was mainly formed in September, with this month accounting for more than 75% of yield. The fiber quality was better in September than October. The fiber quality of Jiza 2 was improved with a delay in the sowing date. The best fiber quality for Shikang 126 was obtained with the April 25 sowing date. There was a small difference between the micronaire, fiber length, and length uniformity with different September harvest times. The fiber quality index was optimized and the consistency of the micronaire, upper half mean length, and length uniformity were higher with Shikang 126 before September 20 when sown on April 25. [Conclusion] Comprehensive consideration of yield and quality index indicated that hybrid cotton Jiza 2 performed best when sown on May 5 and harvested for the first time at the end of September. The conventional cotton Shikang 126 should be sown around April 25 and harvested for the first time on the last ten-day of September.

Key words: cotton; coastal; saline-alkali area; sowing date; yield; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562.04

冯国艺, 王树林, 祁虹, 张谦, 雷晓鹏, 王燕, 梁青龙, 林永增. 冀东滨海盐碱地机采模式下播期对棉花产量和品质形成的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2018, 30(4): 291-299.

Feng Guoyi, Wang Shulin, Qi Hong, Zhang Qian, Lei Xiaopeng, Wang Yan, Liang Qinglong, Lin Yongzeng. The Effect of Sowing Date on the Yield and Quality Formation of Different Cultivars of Cotton under Machine-Picked Conditions in the Coastal Saline-alkali Area of Eastern Hebei Province, China[J]. Cotton Science, 2018, 30(4): 291-299.

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链接本文: https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/1002-7807.fgylyz.20180717

https://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2018/V30/I4/291

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