黄萎病胁迫影响棉花幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性的机理

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.zxhcbl.20180313

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究黄萎病对棉花幼苗光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性的影响，为苗期黄萎病抗性鉴定及制定黄萎病防治技术提供依据。【方法】以中植棉2号（抗黄萎病品种，ZZM-2）和冀棉11号（感黄萎病品种，JM-11）为试验材料，于2叶1心期接种大丽轮枝菌，6 d后测定主茎倒1叶的光合和荧光参数等。【结果】（1）黄萎病胁迫下，棉花幼苗单株叶面积、叶水势、光合色素含量、净光合速率（P_n）等皆呈下降趋势，ZZM-2的降幅均小于JM-11。（2）2个品种胞间CO2浓度下降、气孔限制值升高，说明Pn的降低主要是由气孔限制因素引起的；且ZZM-2叶绿素a的降幅小于叶绿素b，JM-11则相反。（3）ZZM-2的光、CO₂响应曲线特征参数分别呈增强、减弱的趋势，JM-11均呈减弱趋势。ZZM-2潜在最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、调节性能量耗散的量子产量（Y_NPQ）和非调节性能量耗散的量子产量（Y_NO）稍增大，实际光化学效率（Y_Ⅱ）稍降低，但差异皆不显著，可变荧光产量（F_v）下降显著。JM-11的F_v、F_v/F_m、Y_Ⅱ及Y_NPQ显著下降，Y_NO大幅上升。（4）F_v/F_m在病叶病斑部位下降，而在非病斑部位未降低甚至略增大。【结论】选择光同化能力和碳同化能力较高、抗黄萎病性强的品种，可以减小黄萎病对棉叶光合特性的影响，降低棉花产量和品质的损失。

关键词: 棉花; 苗期; 黄萎病; 大丽轮枝菌; 光合特性; 叶绿素荧光参数

Abstract: [Objective] The goal of this experiment was to study the effects of Verticillium wilt on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cotton seedlings, and to provide a theoretical basis for the identification of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt at the seedling stage and the establishment of Verticillium wilt control techniques. [Method] Zhongzhimian 2 (Verticillium wilt resistant cultivar, ZZM-2) and Jimian 11 (Verticillium wilt susceptible cultivar, JM-11) were selected. Verticillium dahliae was inoculated at the two true leaves stage. The photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the last fully expanded young leaves were measured at 6 d after inoculation. [Result] (1) Under the stress of Verticillium wilt, the leaf area per plant, leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of cotton seedlings decreased, and the decreases in ZZM-2 were smaller than those in JM-11. (2) The decreased intercellular CO2 concentration and increased stomatal limitation value in the two test materials indicated that the decrease in Pn was mainly caused by stomatal limitation, and the decrease in chlorophyll a in ZZM-2 was smaller than the decrease in chlorophyll b, whereas the opposite trend was observed in JM-11. (3) The light response curve parameters of ZZM-2 were increased and the CO₂ response curve parameters of ZZM-2 were decreased, but all parameters in JM-11 were decreased. For ZZM-2, the potential photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y_NPQ) and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (Y_NO) were increased slightly and the actual photochemical efficiency (Y_II) was decreased slightly, but the differences in these four indexes between diseased plants and healthy plants was not significant; however, the variable fluorescence yield (F_v) was significantly decreased. For JM-11, F_v, Fv/F_m, Y_II and Y_NPQwere significantly decreased, and Y_NO was significantly increased. (4) F_v/F_m in leaf lesion sites decreased, but that in non-lesion sites did not decline or even showed a slight increase. [Conclusion] Verticillium wilt resistant cultivars with higher photosynthetic capacity and carbon assimilation ability could reduce the effects of Verticillium wilt on photosynthetic characteristics and reduce the impacts on cotton yield and quality.

Key words: cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); seedling stage; Verticillium wilt; Verticillium dahliae; photosynthetic characteristics; chlorophyll fluorescence parameter

中图分类号:

S562.01

张希鹤, 李岩, 郁凯, 霍钰阳, 王友华, 陈兵林. 黄萎病胁迫影响棉花幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性的机理[J]. 棉花学报, 2018, 30(2): 136-144.

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http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2018/V30/I2/136

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