棉花枯萎病菌新生理型菌株毒素鉴定及其活性测定

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.ykxgqg.20210428

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确在我国新发现、与澳大利亚生理型菌株亲缘关系较近的棉花枯萎病菌新生理型菌株H70与7号生理小种、澳大利亚生理型菌株ATCC96291菌株之间形态学、产生的毒素种类以及致病力差异。【方法】采用乙酸乙酯提取棉花枯萎病菌毒素,利用高压液相色谱、质谱对毒素进行分离、鉴定,采用离体叶片法评价毒素的致病力,在3种不同类型土壤（河北省保定市定兴县轻壤土、邯郸市成安县褐土和沧州市黄骅市盐碱土）中评价枯萎病菌的致病力。【结果】新生理型菌株H70能产生较多的气生菌丝和单核的小型分生孢子,但不能产生淡褐色色素。H70、7号小种和ATCC96291均产生毒素镰刀菌酸,且7号生理小种分泌量最多,H70分泌量最少。相比7号生理小种,H70在3种不同类型土壤中的致病力均较弱。【结论】镰刀菌酸是棉花枯萎病菌菌株H70、7号生理小种、ATCC96291产生的主要毒素,致病力与毒素的含量正相关。

关键词: 棉花; 尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫专化型; 毒素; 镰刀菌酸; 致病力

Abstract:

[Objective] This research aims to characterize the phenotype, phytotoxin types and pathogenicity among a new genotype strain H70, race 7 and Australian genotype strain ATCC96291 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV). [Method] The phytotoxins were extracted from FOV strains with ethyl acetate and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), as well as mass spectrometry. The toxicity of toxin was evaluated on detached cotton leaves, and the pathogenicity was compared among three different types of soil (light load collected from Dingxing county in Baoding city, cinnamon soil collected from Cheng'an county in Handan city and saline-alkali soil collected from Huanghua county in Cangzhou city). [Result] New genotype strain H70 could produce abundant aerial mycelia and mononuclear conidium but failed to produce pigment with light brown. The fusaric acid was the main phytotoxin produced either by H70, race 7 and ATCC96291. Fusaric acid had the highest yield from race 7 and the lowest yield from the strain H70. Toxin extracted from race 7 caused the largest necrosis and the toxin of strain H70 caused the smallest necrosis. Compared with race 7, strain H70 showed weaker pathogenicity in the three different types of soil. [Conclusion] The fusaric acid was the main phytotoxin produced by H70, race 7, ATCC96291, and the pathogenicity were positively correlated with the concentration of fusaric acid.

Key words: cotton; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum; phytotoxin; fusaric acid; pathogenicity

杨可心,陈秀叶,刘畅,鹿秀云,郭庆港,马平. 棉花枯萎病菌新生理型菌株毒素鉴定及其活性测定[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(3): 258-268.

Yang Kexin,Chen Xiuye,Liu Chang,Lu Xiuyun,Guo Qinggang,Ma Ping. Toxin identification and bioassay of new genotype strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum[J]. Cotton Science, 2021, 33(3): 258-268.

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http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2021/V33/I3/258

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菌株 Strain	镰刀菌酸产量 Production of fusaric acid /（mg·L^-1）
H70	135.18±21.2 c
ATCC96291	778.40±53.3 b
7号 Race 7	1 259.32±112.5 a

采集地点 Collection site	养分含量 Nutrient content/（g·kg^-1)				电导率 Electrical conductivity /（μS·cm^-1）	pH
采集地点 Collection site	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	全钾 Total potassium	有机质 Organic matter	电导率 Electrical conductivity /（μS·cm^-1）	pH
定兴县 Dingxing county	1.14	1.080	22.86	16.40	178	8.11
成安县 Cheng’an county	0.88	0.860	27.90	13.87	345	8.14
黄骅市Huanghua city	0.64	0.082	18.40	11.80	362	8.43