棉花学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 86-94.doi: 10.11963/1002-7807.ykklzh.20201229
• 化学调控 • 上一篇
于可可1(),杜明伟1,张祥2,朱烨倩3,李水清4,陈舫4,羿国香5,李亚兵6,田晓莉1,*(
),李召虎1,*(
)
收稿日期:
2019-12-06
出版日期:
2021-01-15
发布日期:
2021-02-26
通讯作者:
田晓莉,李召虎
E-mail:17863805980@163.com;tian_xiaoli@126.com;lizhaohu@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:
于可可(1993-),男,硕士研究生, 基金资助:
Yu Keke1(),Du Mingwei1,Zhang Xiang2,Zhu Yeqian3,Li Shuiqing4,Chen Fang4,Yi Guoxiang5,Li Yabing6,Tian Xiaoli1,*(
),Li Zhaohu1,*(
)
Received:
2019-12-06
Online:
2021-01-15
Published:
2021-02-26
Contact:
Tian Xiaoli,Li Zhaohu
E-mail:17863805980@163.com;tian_xiaoli@126.com;lizhaohu@cau.edu.cn
摘要:
【目的】 明确长江流域麦(油)后直播棉应用增效缩节胺(25% DPC水剂,简称 DPC+)进行化学封顶的可行性。【方法】 于2015-2017年在江苏大丰、安徽宿松和湖北武汉开展田间试验,采用随机区组设计,以人工打顶为对照,研究化学封顶时期(人工打顶同期、人工打顶后5 d)和封顶剂DPC+剂量(750,1 125,1 500 mL·hm-2)对麦(油)后直播棉农艺性状及经济性状的影响。【结果】 与人工打顶相比,DPC+化学封顶处理的株高和果枝数增加(最多分别增加21.6 cm和4.8个),中部和上部果枝(尤其是上部果枝)缩短,除个别点次外果节数不受影响。在不同环境条件下,化学封顶处理的产量多与人工打顶相当,低剂量DPC+处理的产量在降水量大的年份有一定程度下降,化学封顶时期对产量影响较小。【结论】 应用DPC+对长江流域麦(油)后直播棉进行化学封顶有较好的可行性,未来需进一步优化技术参数、建立稳发稳长的配套栽培技术体系。
于可可,杜明伟,张祥,朱烨倩,李水清,陈舫,羿国香,李亚兵,田晓莉,李召虎. 长江流域麦(油)后直播棉增效缩节胺化学封顶技术研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(1): 86-94.
Yu Keke,Du Mingwei,Zhang Xiang,Zhu Yeqian,Li Shuiqing,Chen Fang,Yi Guoxiang,Li Yabing,Tian Xiaoli,Li Zhaohu. Research of chemical topping with fortified mepiquat chloride on direct-seeded cotton after wheat/rape harvest in the Yangtze River valley[J]. Cotton Science, 2021, 33(1): 86-94.
表1
DPC+化学封顶对棉花株型性状及产量的方差分析结果"
处理 Treatment | 株高Height /cm | 果枝数 No. of sympodials | 果节数 No. of fruit nodes | 果枝长度 Length of the fruiting branches /cm | 新生果枝平均长度 Average length of new fruiting branches /cm | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield /(kg·hm-2) | ||
上部 Upper | 中部 Middle | 下部 Lower | ||||||
E | * | * | * | * | * | NS | * | * |
T | * | * | * | * | * | NS | * | NS |
R | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
E×T | * | * | NS | * | * | NS | * | NS |
E×R | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | * |
T×R | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
E×T×R | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | * |
表2
DPC+化学封顶对棉花果枝数和果节数的影响"
处理 Treatment | 单株果枝数 No. of sympodials per plant | 单株果节数 No. of fruit nodes per plant | ||||||||
大丰Dafeng | 宿松 | 武汉 | 大丰Dafeng | 宿松 | 武汉 | |||||
Susong | Wuhan | Susong | Wuhan | |||||||
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2015 | 2016 | |
T1R1 | 11.7 bc | 14.5 bc | 13.9 c | 17.1 a | 5.7 a | 24.3 | 48.3 a | 40.9 b | 54.6 | 32.6 |
T1R2 | 11.6 c | 15.7 ab | 14.6 bc | 17.3 a | 16.5 a | 25.3 | 52.8 a | 42.4 ab | 52.2 | 32.4 |
T1R3 | 11.6 c | 14.9 abc | 14.6 bc | 16.2 ab | 16.9 a | 28.4 | 52.2 a | 44.0 ab | 56.1 | 32.4 |
T2R1 | 12.9 ab | 15.9 ab | 16.5 a | 17.3 a | 14.9 ab | 27.8 | 55.2 a | 46.1 ab | 53.7 | 36.1 |
T2R2 | 13.1 a | 16.3 a | 15.9 ab | 16.6 ab | 14.8 ab | 29.5 | 53.3 a | 45.8 ab | 51.3 | 33.8 |
T2R3 | 12.9 ab | 16.2 a | 16.7 a | 17.5 a | 15.6 a | 27.2 | 57.7 a | 50.4 a | 63.9 | 34.9 |
MT | 10.2 d | 11.5 d | 12.0 d | 15.0 b | 13.4 b | 26.7 | 47.0 b | 39.5 b | 60.6 | 31.4 |
P | * | * | * | * | * | NS | * | NS | NS | NS |
表3
DPC+化学封顶对棉花果枝长度的影响"
果枝长度 Length of the fruiting branches/cm | 新生果枝平均长度 Average length of new fruiting branches/cm | |||||||||||
处理 Treatment | 大丰Dafeng | 宿松Susong | 武汉Wuhan | 大丰Dafeng | 宿松Susong | 武汉 Wuhan | ||||||
2015 | 2017 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | |||||
上部 | 上部 | 上部 | 中部 | 下部 | 上部 | 中部 | 下部 | |||||
Upper | Upper | Upper | Middle | Lower | Upper | Middle | Lower | |||||
T1R1 | 9.8 b | 5.1 b | 4.7 b | 24.5 bc | 23.4 | 2.8 b | 18.8 ab | 22.2 | 2.6 | 4.1 a | 2.6 | 4.8 a |
T1R2 | 9.9 b | 5.1 b | 4.8 b | 22.3 c | 22.6 | 2.3 b | 17.0 b | 21.4 | 4 | 5.1 a | 2.8 | 4.8 a |
T1R3 | 9.9 b | 5.7 b | 6.2 b | 21.7 c | 25.5 | 2.4 b | 19.8 ab | 23 | 2.4 | 4.2 a | 2.1 | 5.0 a |
T2R1 | 12.9 a | 7.3 ab | 3.9 b | 28.1 b | 22.5 | 3.0 b | 16.8 b | 22.8 | 3.6 | 3.7 ab | 3.1 | 1.9 b |
T2R2 | 12.2 ab | 6.3 b | 3.9 b | 26.7 bc | 25.6 | 2.4 b | 17.7 ab | 23 | 3.4 | 4.3 a | 3.3 | 1.6 b |
T2R3 | 13.9 a | 5.8 b | 5.5 b | 28.4 b | 31.2 | 2.8 b | 18.5 ab | 23.4 | 3.4 | 3.8 a | 2.6 | 1.6 b |
MT | 14.6 a | 13.6 a | 17.9 a | 39.1 a | 31.2 | 13.3 a | 21.1 a | 22 | / | / | / | / |
P | NS | NS | * | * | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | * | NS | * |
表4
DPC+化学封顶对棉花产量及其构成因素的影响"
处理 | 大丰Dafeng | 武汉Wuhan | |||||||||
Treatment | 2015 | 2016 | 2016 | ||||||||
有效铃数 | 铃重 | 籽棉产量 | 有效铃数 | 铃重 | 铃重 | 衣分 | 籽棉产量 | 有效铃数 | 铃重 | 衣分 | |
No. of available bolls /(105·hm-2) | Boll weight /g | Seed cotton yield/(kg·hm-2) | No. of available bolls /(105·hm-2) | Boll weight /g | Boll weight /g | Lint Percentage /% | Seed cotton yield /(kg·hm-2) | No. of available bolls /(105·hm-2) | Boll weight /g | Lint Percentage /% | |
T1R1 | 6.0 a | 4.8 b | 2 830.5 bcd | 11.1 ab | 2.9 b | 4.6 | 36.7 | 4 110.7 ab | 7.2 | 3.6 | 35.4 |
T1R2 | 6.8 a | 4.4 b | 2 914.5 bcd | 12.0 a | 3.6 ab | 4.5 | 36.3 | 4 576.1 ab | 6 | 3.5 | 34.8 |
T1R3 | 6.9 a | 4.9 b | 3 409.5 ab | 10.6 ab | 3.9 a | 4.5 | 36.3 | 4 660.8 ab | 6.8 | 3.5 | 34.3 |
T2R1 | 4.5 b | 6.0 a | 2 643.0 cd | 9.6 b | 3.4 ab | 4.3 | 37.3 | 4 928.5 a | 7.5 | 3.5 | 35.9 |
T2R2 | 6.0 a | 6.2 a | 3 708.0 a | 9.8 b | 4.1 a | 4.6 | 37.7 | 4 105.5 ab | 6.9 | 3.6 | 34.8 |
T2R3 | 6.3 a | 6.1 a | 3 922.5 a | 10.5 ab | 4.1 a | 4.2 | 37.7 | 3 605.1 b | 6.5 | 3.7 | 35.9 |
MT | 6.6 a | 5.0 b | 3 297.0 abc | 11.1 ab | 3.2 ab | 4.2 | 38.3 | 4 382.9 ab | 7.5 | 3.5 | 35.4 |
P | * | * | * | * | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
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