长江流域麦（油）后直播棉增效缩节胺化学封顶技术研究

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.ykklzh.20201229

棉花学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 86-94.doi: 10.11963/1002-7807.ykklzh.20201229

• 化学调控 • 上一篇

长江流域麦（油）后直播棉增效缩节胺化学封顶技术研究

于可可¹(),杜明伟¹,张祥²,朱烨倩³,李水清⁴,陈舫⁴,羿国香⁵,李亚兵⁶,田晓莉^1,^*(),李召虎^1,^*()

1.中国农业大学农学院作物化控研究中心/植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心,北京100193
2.扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009
3.安徽省农业技术推广总站,合肥230000
4.湖北省监利县朱河镇农技服务中心,湖北监利433325
5.湖北省农业技术推广总站,武汉430070
6.中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳 455000

收稿日期:2019-12-06 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-02-26
通讯作者: 田晓莉,李召虎 E-mail:17863805980@163.com;tian_xiaoli@126.com;lizhaohu@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:于可可（1993-）,男,硕士研究生, 17863805980@163.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系——棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-16)

Research of chemical topping with fortified mepiquat chloride on direct-seeded cotton after wheat/rape harvest in the Yangtze River valley

Yu Keke¹(),Du Mingwei¹,Zhang Xiang²,Zhu Yeqian³,Li Shuiqing⁴,Chen Fang⁴,Yi Guoxiang⁵,Li Yabing⁶,Tian Xiaoli^1,^*(),Li Zhaohu^1,^*()

1. Center of Crop Chemical Regulation, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University /Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
2. College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
3. Agricultural Technology Station, Agricultural Committee of Anhui Province, Hefei 230000, China
4. Agricultural Technology Service Center of Zhuhe Town, Jianli County, Hubei Province, Jianli, Hubei 433325, China
5. Hubei Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Wuhan 430070, China
6. Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China

Received:2019-12-06 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-02-26
Contact: Tian Xiaoli,Li Zhaohu E-mail:17863805980@163.com;tian_xiaoli@126.com;lizhaohu@cau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确长江流域麦（油）后直播棉应用增效缩节胺（25% DPC水剂,简称 DPC⁺）进行化学封顶的可行性。【方法】于2015-2017年在江苏大丰、安徽宿松和湖北武汉开展田间试验,采用随机区组设计,以人工打顶为对照,研究化学封顶时期（人工打顶同期、人工打顶后5 d）和封顶剂DPC⁺剂量（750,1 125,1 500 mL·hm^-2）对麦（油）后直播棉农艺性状及经济性状的影响。【结果】与人工打顶相比,DPC⁺化学封顶处理的株高和果枝数增加（最多分别增加21.6 cm和4.8个）,中部和上部果枝（尤其是上部果枝）缩短,除个别点次外果节数不受影响。在不同环境条件下,化学封顶处理的产量多与人工打顶相当,低剂量DPC⁺处理的产量在降水量大的年份有一定程度下降,化学封顶时期对产量影响较小。【结论】应用DPC⁺对长江流域麦（油）后直播棉进行化学封顶有较好的可行性,未来需进一步优化技术参数、建立稳发稳长的配套栽培技术体系。

关键词: 长江流域; 麦（油）后直播棉; 化学封顶; 农艺性状; 产量性状

Abstract:

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of chemical topping with fortified mepiquat chloride (DPC⁺, a type of aqueous formulation containing 25% 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) on direct-seeded cotton after wheat/rape in the Yangtze River valley. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in Dafeng, Jiangsu province, Susong, Anhui province and Wuhan, Hubei province during growing seasons of 2015-2017. The randomized block design with three replicates was adopted. There were two chemical topping time (same time with local manual topping, and five days after local manual topping) and three DPC⁺ dosages (750,1 125,1 500 mL·hm^-2), with manual topping as the control. [Result] Compared with manual topping, chemical topping with DPC⁺ increased plant height and the number of fruiting branches at most by 21.6 cm and 4.8 per plant, respectively; shortened the length of middle and upper fruiting branches (especially the upper ones), but did not influence the number of fruiting sites except few sites. Chemical topping with DPC⁺ showed similar yield with manual topping under most environmental conditions. However, the treatments with low DPC⁺ dosages reduced yield to some extent during growing seasons with high precipitation (more than 1 000 mm). The time of chemical topping had slight effects on cotton yield. [Conclusion] For direct-seeded cotton after wheat/rape harvest in the Yangtze River valley, manual topping could be substituted by chemical topping with DPC⁺. Future work will focus on optimizing the time and dosage of DPC⁺ application, and using agricultural practices for steady growth and development of cotton plants.

Key words: The Yangtze River valley; direct-seeded cotton after wheat/rape harvest; chemical topping; agronomic traits; yield related trait.

于可可,杜明伟,张祥,朱烨倩,李水清,陈舫,羿国香,李亚兵,田晓莉,李召虎. 长江流域麦（油）后直播棉增效缩节胺化学封顶技术研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(1): 86-94.

Yu Keke,Du Mingwei,Zhang Xiang,Zhu Yeqian,Li Shuiqing,Chen Fang,Yi Guoxiang,Li Yabing,Tian Xiaoli,Li Zhaohu. Research of chemical topping with fortified mepiquat chloride on direct-seeded cotton after wheat/rape harvest in the Yangtze River valley[J]. Cotton Science, 2021, 33(1): 86-94.

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处理 Treatment	株高Height /cm	果枝数 No. of sympodials	果节数 No. of fruit nodes	果枝长度 Length of the fruiting branches /cm			新生果枝平均长度 Average length of new fruiting branches /cm	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield /(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	株高Height /cm	果枝数 No. of sympodials	果节数 No. of fruit nodes	上部 Upper	中部 Middle	下部 Lower	新生果枝平均长度 Average length of new fruiting branches /cm	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield /(kg·hm^-2)
E	*	*	*	*	*	NS	*	*
T	*	*	*	*	*	NS	*	NS
R	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
E×T	*	*	NS	*	*	NS	*	NS
E×R	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	*
T×R	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
E×T×R	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	*


处理 Treatment	单株果枝数 No. of sympodials per plant					单株果节数 No. of fruit nodes per plant
	大丰Dafeng			宿松	武汉	大丰Dafeng			宿松	武汉
	大丰Dafeng			Susong	Wuhan	大丰Dafeng			Susong	Wuhan
	2015	2016	2017	2015	2016	2015	2016	2017	2015	2016
T1R1	11.7 bc	14.5 bc	13.9 c	17.1 a	5.7 a	24.3	48.3 a	40.9 b	54.6	32.6
T1R2	11.6 c	15.7 ab	14.6 bc	17.3 a	16.5 a	25.3	52.8 a	42.4 ab	52.2	32.4
T1R3	11.6 c	14.9 abc	14.6 bc	16.2 ab	16.9 a	28.4	52.2 a	44.0 ab	56.1	32.4
T2R1	12.9 ab	15.9 ab	16.5 a	17.3 a	14.9 ab	27.8	55.2 a	46.1 ab	53.7	36.1
T2R2	13.1 a	16.3 a	15.9 ab	16.6 ab	14.8 ab	29.5	53.3 a	45.8 ab	51.3	33.8
T2R3	12.9 ab	16.2 a	16.7 a	17.5 a	15.6 a	27.2	57.7 a	50.4 a	63.9	34.9
MT	10.2 d	11.5 d	12.0 d	15.0 b	13.4 b	26.7	47.0 b	39.5 b	60.6	31.4
P	*	*	*	*	*	NS	*	NS	NS	NS

	果枝长度 Length of the fruiting branches/cm								新生果枝平均长度 Average length of new fruiting branches/cm

处理 Treatment	大丰Dafeng		宿松Susong			武汉Wuhan			大丰Dafeng		宿松Susong	武汉 Wuhan
	2015	2017	2015			2016			2015	2016	2015	2016
	上部	上部	上部	中部	下部	上部	中部	下部
	Upper	Upper	Upper	Middle	Lower	Upper	Middle	Lower
T1R1	9.8 b	5.1 b	4.7 b	24.5 bc	23.4	2.8 b	18.8 ab	22.2	2.6	4.1 a	2.6	4.8 a
T1R2	9.9 b	5.1 b	4.8 b	22.3 c	22.6	2.3 b	17.0 b	21.4	4	5.1 a	2.8	4.8 a
T1R3	9.9 b	5.7 b	6.2 b	21.7 c	25.5	2.4 b	19.8 ab	23	2.4	4.2 a	2.1	5.0 a
T2R1	12.9 a	7.3 ab	3.9 b	28.1 b	22.5	3.0 b	16.8 b	22.8	3.6	3.7 ab	3.1	1.9 b
T2R2	12.2 ab	6.3 b	3.9 b	26.7 bc	25.6	2.4 b	17.7 ab	23	3.4	4.3 a	3.3	1.6 b
T2R3	13.9 a	5.8 b	5.5 b	28.4 b	31.2	2.8 b	18.5 ab	23.4	3.4	3.8 a	2.6	1.6 b
MT	14.6 a	13.6 a	17.9 a	39.1 a	31.2	13.3 a	21.1 a	22	/	/	/	/
P	NS	NS	*	*	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	*	NS	*

处理	大丰Dafeng								武汉Wuhan
Treatment	2015			2016					2016
	有效铃数	铃重	籽棉产量	有效铃数	铃重	铃重	衣分	籽棉产量	有效铃数	铃重	衣分
	No. of available bolls /（10⁵·hm^-2）	Boll weight /g	Seed cotton yield/(kg·hm^-2)	No. of available bolls /（10⁵·hm^-2）	Boll weight /g	Boll weight /g	Lint Percentage /%	Seed cotton yield /(kg·hm^-2)	No. of available bolls /（10⁵·hm^-2）	Boll weight /g	Lint Percentage /%
T1R1	6.0 a	4.8 b	2 830.5 bcd	11.1 ab	2.9 b	4.6	36.7	4 110.7 ab	7.2	3.6	35.4
T1R2	6.8 a	4.4 b	2 914.5 bcd	12.0 a	3.6 ab	4.5	36.3	4 576.1 ab	6	3.5	34.8
T1R3	6.9 a	4.9 b	3 409.5 ab	10.6 ab	3.9 a	4.5	36.3	4 660.8 ab	6.8	3.5	34.3
T2R1	4.5 b	6.0 a	2 643.0 cd	9.6 b	3.4 ab	4.3	37.3	4 928.5 a	7.5	3.5	35.9
T2R2	6.0 a	6.2 a	3 708.0 a	9.8 b	4.1 a	4.6	37.7	4 105.5 ab	6.9	3.6	34.8
T2R3	6.3 a	6.1 a	3 922.5 a	10.5 ab	4.1 a	4.2	37.7	3 605.1 b	6.5	3.7	35.9
MT	6.6 a	5.0 b	3 297.0 abc	11.1 ab	3.2 ab	4.2	38.3	4 382.9 ab	7.5	3.5	35.4
P	*	*	*	*	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

长江流域麦（油）后直播棉增效缩节胺化学封顶技术研究

Research of chemical topping with fortified mepiquat chloride on direct-seeded cotton after wheat/rape harvest in the Yangtze River valley

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