湖南省棉籽中重金属污染调查及评价

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.xsjml.20190122

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过调查与评价湖南省棉籽中重金属污染水平,为保障棉花产品的质量安全以及探讨替代种植的可行性提供数据支撑。【方法】采集了湖南省所辖6个县区56个代表性的棉籽样品,测定棉籽中镉、铅、铜、铬、汞及砷的含量。采用污染指数法、相关性分析及聚类分析法评价湖南省六县（区）棉籽样品的重金属污染状况和分布特征。【结果】君山区、安乡县、南县、望城区及鼎城区棉籽样本重金属含量均处在安全水平,综合污染指数变化范围为 0.366 5~0.577 0;仅衡阳县镉单项污染指数相对偏高,综合污染指数（0.801 6）相比其他地区略高,存在一定的安全隐患。【结论】湖南棉籽样本中重金属镉、铅、铜、铬、汞及砷的污染状况总体尚好,在重金属污染土地上用棉花替代粮食作物种植是可行的。

关键词: 棉籽; 重金属; 污染指数法; 相关性分析; 聚类分析法

Abstract:

[Objective] In order to guarantee the quality and safety of cotton products and to explore the feasibility of alternative planting, the contamination condition of the heavy metals in cotton seeds in Hunan province was investigated and evaluated. [Method] Fifty-six cotton seed samples, collected in 6 counties of Hunan province, were collected to determine 6 indicators including cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and inorganic arsenic contents. This was followed by pollution index calculation, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. [Results] The range of comprehensive pollution indexes of Junshan district, Anxiang county, Nanxian county, Wangcheng and Dingcheng districts varied between 0.366 5-0.577 0, which belonged to a secure level. However, the single pollution indexes of Hengyang county are relatively high. The comprehensive pollution index of Hengyang county was 0.801 6, meaning a mild pollution level. [Conclusion] The pollution status of cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and arsenic in Hunan cottonseed samples are generally acceptable. Cotton could be a substitute for rice on contaminated soil.

Key words: cotton seeds; heavy metal; cluster analysis; correlation analysis; pollution index calculation

徐双娇,方丹,田新权,时萌,马磊. 湖南省棉籽中重金属污染调查及评价[J]. 棉花学报, 2019, 31(1): 72-78.

Xu Shuangjiao,Fang Dan,Tian Xinquan,Shi Meng,Ma Lei. Analysis and Assessment on Heavy Metal Contamination in Cotton Seeds of Hunan Province[J]. Cotton Science, 2019, 31(1): 72-78.

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链接本文: http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/1002-7807.xsjml.20190122

http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2019/V31/I1/72

图/表 4

表1

棉籽中重金属含量统计结果"

地区 Regions	重金属元素 Heavy metal elements	ω/（mg·kg^-1）			检出率/% Detection rates	超标率/% Over-limit ratio
地区 Regions	重金属元素 Heavy metal elements	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	标准差 Standard deviation	检出率/% Detection rates	超标率/% Over-limit ratio
南县（n=10） Nanxian county (n=10)	铜 Cu	9.094 5	13.049 7	1.265 5	100	0
	铬 Cr	0.874 5	4.117 1	0.971 9	100	0
	镉 Cd	0.114 7	0.161 1	0.012 1	100	0
	砷 As	0.025 1	0.096 7	0.021 3	100	0
	铅 Pb	未检出Not detected	0.095 9	0.033 2	40	0
	汞 Hg	0.000 2	0.009 0	0.003 3	100	0
君山区（n=7） Junshan District (n =7)	铜 Cu	8.343 5	11.033 4	0.887 2	100	0
	铬 Cr	1.133 6	2.315 6	0.424 4	100	0
	镉 Cd	0.130 8	0.225 0	0.037 2	100	0
	砷 As	0.031 5	0.058 1	0.008 8	100	0
	铅 Pb	未检出Not detected	0.035 1	0.013 4	57	0
	汞 Hg	0.002 2	0.007 8	0.001 9	100	0
衡阳县（n=7） Hengyang county (n =7)	铜 Cu	7.973 7	11.052 1	1.358 6	100	0
	铬 Cr	1.087 4	1.426 0	0.106 6	100	0
	镉 Cd	0.231 1	0.762 8	0.224 3	100	71
	砷 As	0.032 3	0.040 9	0.003 2	100	0
	铅 Pb	未检出Not detected	0.080 6	0.028 8	71	0
	汞 Hg	0.001 3	0.004 0	0.000 9	100	0
鼎城区（n=12） Dingcheng district (n=12)	铜 Cu	7.920 1	11.917 2	1.183 9	100	0
	铬 Cr	0.683 7	1.285 6	0.191 2	100	0
	镉 Cd	0.139 2	0.327 3	0.050 2	100	0
	砷 As	0.026 7	0.048 2	0.006 4	100	0
	铅 Pb	0.006 8	0.495 7	0.166 3	71	0
	汞 Hg	0.000 3	0.004 3	0.001 3	100	0
安乡县（n=10） Anxiang county (n=10)	铜 Cu	7.970 4	11.823 4	1.266 4	100	0
	铬 Cr	1.107 5	1.200 1	0.032 5	100	0
	镉 Cd	0.125 9	0.247 4	0.085 1	100	0
	砷 As	0.030 9	0.043 9	0.004 1	100	0
	铅 Pb	0.013 8	0.249 1	0.081 4	50	0
	汞 Hg	0.000 2	0.007 4	0.002 3	100	0
望城区（n=10） Wangcheng district (n=10)	铜 Cu	9.306 0	14.394 1	1.468 2	100	0
	铬 Cr	0.666 8	1.167 9	0.182 2	100	0
	镉 Cd	0.235 3	0.683 1	0.126 9	100	10
	砷 As	0.030 5	0.045 3	0.004 7	100	0
	铅 Pb	未检出Not detected	0.069 8	0.021 5	50	0
	汞 Hg	未检出Not detected	0.003 3	0.001 3	90	0

表1

表2

表3

图1

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地点 Regions	样品数量 Number	P_i						P_Z	污染水平 Pollution levels
地点 Regions	样品数量 Number	铜Cu	铬 Cr	镉 Cd	砷 As	铅 Pb	汞 Hg	P_Z	污染水平 Pollution levels
南县 Nanxian county	10	0.531	0.273	0.269	0.019	0.004	0.049	0.399 0	清洁Clean
君山区Junshan district	7	0.488	0.300	0.340	0.020	0.003	0.408	0.390 9	清洁Clean
衡阳县Henyang county	7	0.471	0.243	1.091	0.018	0.004	0.020	0.801 6	尚清洁Nearly clean
鼎城区Dingcheng district	12	0.483	0.220	0.371	0.018	0.022	0.014	0.366 5	清洁Clean
安乡县Anxiang county	10	0.509	0.230	0.377	0.018	0.015	0.017	0.385 3	清洁Clean
望城区 Wangcheng district	10	0.607	0.208	0.770	0.019	0.002	0.014	0.577 0	清洁Clean
全部样品 Total	56	0.515	0.246	0.536	0.019	0.008	0.087	0.413 9	清洁Clean

重金属Heavy metals	铜Cu	铬Cr	镉Cd	砷As	铅Pb	汞Hg
铜Cu	1
铬Cr	-0.403	1
镉Cd	0.051	-0.379	1
砷As	0.288	0.548	-0.407	1
铅Pb	-0.377	-0.499	-0.360	-0.458	1
汞Hg	-0.260	0.813	-0.327	0.833	-0.378	1