新疆棉区植保无人机喷施棉花脱叶催熟剂效果研究

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.wlzbm.20210312

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确植保无人机喷施棉花脱叶催熟剂田间作业现状、作业效果,为构建新疆生产建设兵团棉花脱叶催熟剂喷施作业技术体系以及无人机在棉花脱叶催熟作业中的推广应用提供依据。【方法】以市场主流无人机对比喷杆喷雾机进行田间试验,评价和分析不同作业区棉花脱叶和吐絮效果。【结果】药后22 d,无人机两次施药的棉花脱叶率在82.2%~92.1%,吐絮率在85.8%~100%,脱叶效果显著好于地面喷杆喷雾机一次顶喷施药,催熟效果差异不大;不同无人机以及同一无人机不同作业区,对棉花的脱叶催熟效果不同,无人机喷雾施药的8个作业区中,仅有1个能同时满足兵团棉花机械采收对脱叶率和吐絮率的要求。无人机部分施药作业中存在作业参数选择不当、作业不规范以及因无人机自身设备性能未达最优而导致的药液喷施不均匀、漏喷等现象。【结论】采用无人机喷施棉花脱叶催熟剂施药技术有待进一步优化完善。

关键词: 棉花; 植保无人机; 脱叶催熟剂; 作业效果

Abstract:

[Objective] The aim of the present study is to investigate the harvest aids efficiency applied by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and to provide a basis for the construction of harvest aids application technology system by UAVs in Xinjiang area. [Method] Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the harvest-aid performance applied by different UAVs and ground-based machine. [Result] The defoliation rate and boll opening rate were 82.2%-92.1% and 85.8%-100% at 22 days after spraying twice by UAVs, respectively. The defoliation rate is significantly higher than that of spraying once with a ground-based machine. But the difference of boll opening rate is not obvious. In addition, the defoliation rate differs in UAVs types and spraying areas. Among the eight working areas of UAVs, only one can achieve the defoliation and boll opening rate required for mechanical harvesting of cotton. Using UVAs to spray harvest aids, improper selection of working parameters, irregular operations and poor performance of UAVs will cause uneven or missed spraying. [Conclusion] The technology of applying cotton harvest aids with UAVs needs to be further optimized.

Key words: cotton; plant protection UAVs; defoliation and ripening; spraying efficiency

王林, 张强, 马江锋, 朱玉永, 田英, 李红, 毕显杰, 宋敏, 王海标, 雷天翔, 李召虎, 田晓莉, 杜明伟, 张立祯, 赵冰梅. 新疆棉区植保无人机喷施棉花脱叶催熟剂效果研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(3): 200-208.

Wang Lin, Zhang Qiang, Ma Jiangfeng, Zhu Yuyong, Tian Ying, Li Hong, Bi Xianjie, Song Min, Wang Haibiao, Lei Tianxiang, Li Zhaohu, Tian Xiaoli, Du Mingwei, Zhang Lizhen, Zhao Bingmei. Study on the effect of spraying cotton defoliant by plant protection UAVs in Xinjiang cotton area[J]. Cotton Science, 2021, 33(3): 200-208.

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http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2021/V33/I3/200

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棉花品种 Cotton cultivars	施药器械 Sprayer type	作业区编号 Working area No.	单株叶片数 Number of leaves per plant	单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	吐絮率 Boll opening rate /%	株高 Plant height / cm
天佐42	约翰迪尔 R4023 John Deere R4023	1	50.6	11.4	12.0	83.5
	蜂巢 3WW-10B Beehive 3WW-10B	2	27.9	9.9	32.8	61.1
	大疆T16 Dji T16	3	25.6	6.7	49.7	53.9
		4	38.7	8.9	6.7	77.3
	极飞P30 XAG P30	5	32.6	8.2	28.9	68.3
中棉109	极飞P30 XAG P30	6	43.0	9.2	6.5	83.9
	约翰迪尔 P4023 John Deere R4023	7	27.4	6.4	8.5	88.5
	极飞P30 XAG P30	8	33.0	8.6	4.8	92.4
	蜂巢 3WW-10B Beehive 3WW-10B	9	38.6	7.7	11.1	75.6
	大疆T16 Dji T16	10	46.5	11.1	11.8	90.9

施药器械 Sprayer type	有效剂量 Effective dosage /（g·hm^-2）
	第一次施药（9月7日） The first spraying (Sept.7)					第二次施药（9月15日） The second spraying (Sept.15)
		540 g·L^-1噻苯·敌草隆 SC Thidiazuron dimethipin 540 g·L^-1 SC	280 g·L^-1烷基乙基磺酸盐SL An-idnic surfactant 280 g·L^-1 SL	40%乙烯利AS 40% ethephon AS		飞防助剂 Adjuvant for aviation plant protection	540 g·L^-1噻苯·敌草隆SC Thidiazuron dimethipin 540 g·L^-1 SC	280 g·L^-1烷基乙基磺酸盐SL An-idnic surfactant 280 g·L^-1 SL	40%乙烯利AS 40% ethephon AS
约翰迪尔 R4023 John Deere R4023	270	1 080	1 200	/	/	/	/
蜂巢 3WW-10B Beehive 3WW-10B	225	900	600	/	195	780	600
大疆 T16 Dji T16	225	900	600	150	195	780	600
极飞 P30 XAG P30	225	900	600	150	195	780	600

施药器械 Sprayer type	工作压力 Working pressure / Pa	作业高度 Working height /m	作业速度 Working speed /（km·h^-1）	喷幅 Single spraying swath /m	施药液量 Spraying volume /（L·hm^-2）
约翰迪尔 R4023 John Deere R4023	800	0.3	7.0	25.0	450.0
蜂巢 3WW-10B Beehive 3WW-10B	/	1.8	4.5	3.5	30.0
大疆T16 Dji T16	/	2.0	5.0	5.0	18.0~19.5
极飞P30 XAG P30	/	2.1	5.0	3.5	15.0±1.5

施药器械 Sprayer type	作业区编号Working area No.	棉花品种 Cotton cultivars	药前吐絮率 Boll opening rate before spraying /%	脱叶率 Defoliation rate /%
施药器械 Sprayer type	作业区编号Working area No.	棉花品种 Cotton cultivars	药前吐絮率 Boll opening rate before spraying /%	施药后7 d 7 d after spraying	施药后15 d 15 d after spraying	施药后22 d 22 d after spraying
约翰迪尔R4023 John Deere R4023	1	天佐42	(12.0±6.3) c	(41.3±6.3) a	(68.5±3.1) bc	(73.4±6.3) b
约翰迪尔R4023 John Deere R4023	7	中棉109	(8.5±3.3) c	(36.2±7.4) a	(65.7±2.9) c	(73.9±2.4) b
蜂巢3WW-10B Beehive 3WW-10B	2	天佐42	(32.8±7.1) b	(25.8±4.6) a	(74.1±5.1) abc	(82.2±3.0) ab
蜂巢3WW-10B Beehive 3WW-10B	9	中棉109	(11.1±8.9) c	(24.8±6.1) a	(80.0±4.1) abc	(88.8±2.9) a
大疆T16 Dji T16	3	天佐42	(49.7±5.5) a	(38.4±4.1) a	(80.3±2.5) ab	(88.4±2.3) a
	4		(6.7±1.7) c	(45.0±11.4) a	(75.6±2.7) abc	(85.3±1.6) a
	10	中棉109	(11.8±1.3) c	(27.8±5.5) a	(80.0±3.4) abc	(88.5±3.3) a
极飞 P30 XAG P30	5	天佐42	(28.9±5.4) b	(46.0±3.0) a	(85.3±6.2) a	(92.1±3.6) a
	6	中棉109	(6.5±3.8) c	(30.5±7.6) a	(87.6±3.7) a	(91.7±1.8) a
	8		(4.8±4.8) c	(20.8±10.5) a	(81.2±3.3) ab	(85.6±3.6) a

施药器械 sprayer type	作业区编号Working area No.	棉花品种 Cotton cultivars	吐絮率 Boll opening rate /%
施药器械 sprayer type	作业区编号Working area No.	棉花品种 Cotton cultivars	施药前 Before spraying	施药后7 d 7 d after spraying	施药后15 d 15 d after spraying	施药后22 d 22 d after spraying
约翰迪尔R4023 John Deere R4023	1	天佐42	(12.0±6.3) c	(15.6±1.2) d	(70.6±4.7) cd	(93.5±3.6) ab
约翰迪尔R4023 John Deere R4023	7	中棉109	(8.5±3.3) c	(30.2±6.5) cd	(85.4±4.7) abc	(100.0±0.0) a
蜂巢3WW-10B Beehive 3WW-10B	2	天佐42	(32.8±7.1) b	(51.3±7.2) b	(86.5±3.2) abc	(98.3±0.6) a
蜂巢3WW-10B Beehive 3WW-10B	9	中棉109	(11.1±8.9) c	(22.9±7.2) d	(62.6±6.3) d	(95.0±2.5) ab
大疆T16 Dji T16	3	天佐42	(49.7±5.5) a	(71.5±6.4) a	(96.0±2.2) a	(100±0.0) a
	4		(6.7±1.7) c	(16.4±4.6) d	(59.1±9.8) d	(85.8±6.2) b
	10	中棉109	(11.8±1.3) c	(26.1±2.8) cd	(69.5±8.9) cd	(93.5±4.4) ab
极飞 P30 XAG P30	5	天佐42	(28.9±5.4) b	(44.5±6.7) bc	(91.6±2.2) ab	(96.3±0.5) ab
	6	中棉109	(6.5±3.8) c	(21.3±3.4) d	(72.2±5.4) bcd	(92.0±3.5) ab
	8		(4.8±4.8) c	(15.0±12.3) d	(59.8±9.4) d	(93.0±5.0) ab