低磷胁迫对不同基因型棉花苗期根系形态及生理特性的影响

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.smdhl.20180103

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】磷是棉花生长发育必需的三大营养元素之一，缺磷会导致棉花生长受阻、棉株矮小、根系不发达、蕾铃脱落、生育期延迟，严重影响棉花的产量和品质。但施入土壤中的磷易被固定从而变成难以利用的闭蓄态磷，使土壤中的有效磷含量降低。因此，本试验旨在为研究不同基因型棉花对低磷胁迫的响应机制和磷高效吸收利用提供理论支持。【方法】水培条件下，选用中棉所79和鲁棉研28号为试验品种，研究2个磷水平：低磷P0（KH2PO4 1.0×10^－5 mol·L^－1）和适磷P1（KH2PO4 0.5 mol·L^－1）对棉花苗期磷吸收利用效率、叶片光合特性和根系形态学特征的影响。【结果】在低磷和适磷处理下，中棉所79磷利用效率分别为90.92 mg·mg^－1和23.09 mg·mg^－1，均高于鲁棉研28号。在低磷胁迫下，鲁棉研28号根干物质质量和净光合速率分别比中棉所79高37.05%和13.33%；鲁棉研28号总根长、根总表面积和根总体积分别增加13.05%,18.78%和10.50%，而中棉所79总根长、根总表面积和根总体积均显著降低；与中棉所79相比，鲁棉研28号磷吸收效率高56.75%，磷外渗率低27.72%。【结论】表明在低磷胁迫下，鲁棉研28号拥有较好的根系形态和生理特性适应逆境，中棉所79具有较高的磷利用效率。

关键词: 棉花; 低磷胁迫; 磷吸收利用效率; 光合特性; 根系形态

Abstract: [Objective] Phosphorus is one of three major required nutrients for cotton growth and development. A phosphorus deficiency will lead to retarded cotton growth, undeveloped roots, and the abscission of buds and bolls, which results in serious reductions in cotton yield and quality. While applied phosphorus is easily fixed in soils, it is mostly transferred to occluded P, which is not available to plants. Therefore, this study aimed to provide theoretical support for the study of response mechanisms to low phosphorus stress and the efficient phosphorus uptake and utilization of different cotton genotypes. [Method] The effects of phosphorus accumulation and utilization, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root morphology of two genotypes of cotton (CCRI 79 and SCRC 28) were studied in hydroponic cultures having different phosphorus concentrations. [Result] CCRI 79 had higher phosphorus utilization rates of 90.92 mg·mg^－1 at the low phosphorus level (KH2PO4 1.0×10^－5 mol·L^－1) and 23.09 mg·mg^－1 at the high phosphorus level (KH2PO4 0.5 mol·L－1) compared with SCRC 28. When phosphorus was deficient, the total root length, total root surface area and total root volume of SCRC 28 increased by 13.05%, 18.78% and 10.50%, respectively, while the total root length, total root surface area and total root volume of CCRI 79 decreased significantly. [Conclusion] Here, we found that SCRC 28 had a root morphology and physiological characteristics that allowed it to adapt to low phosphorus stress, while CCRI 79 utilized phosphorus more efficiently.

Key words: cotton; low phosphorus stress; phosphorus accumulation and utilization; photosynthetic characteristics; root morphology

中图分类号:

S562.01

孙淼, 李鹏程, 郑苍松, 刘帅, 刘爱忠, 韩慧敏, 刘敬然, 董合林. 低磷胁迫对不同基因型棉花苗期根系形态及生理特性的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2018, 30(1): 45-52.

Sun Miao, Li Pengcheng, Zheng Cangsong, Liu Shuai, Liu Aizhong, Han Huimin, Liu Jingran, Dong Helin. Effects of Low Phosphorus Stress on Root Morphology and Physiological Characteristics of Different Cotton Genotypes at the Seedling Stage[J]. Cotton Science, 2018, 30(1): 45-52.

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链接本文: http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/1002-7807.smdhl.20180103

http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2018/V30/I1/45

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