不同棉花品种及施钾量对黄萎病抗性生理机制的影响

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.lycbl.20181220

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究黄萎病菌胁迫下钾素对棉花黄萎病抗性生理机制的影响,对棉花黄萎病综合防治技术的提出具有理论指导意义。【方法】在人工黄萎病病圃中,利用3个对黄萎病有不同抗性的品种冀棉11号（JM-11,感病品种）、中植棉2号（ZZM-2,抗病对照）、农大601（ND-601,抗病品种）,研究5种施钾量（0、75、150、225、300 kg·hm^-2）对棉花黄萎病发生、棉株抗病性相关物质含量及酶活性的影响。【结果】（1）感病品种JM-11抗黄萎病相关物质（木质素、总酚）含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶活性受病情的影响较抗病品种ZZM-2和ND-601大;根和叶木质素、总酚含量多少及棉叶苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性高低影响感病品种JM-11抗黄萎病性,根和叶中总酚是影响抗病品种黄萎病发生程度的关键物质。（2）JM-11根对钾含量的敏感性强于ND-601,弱于ZZM-2,对叶中钾含量的敏感性强于ZZM-2、ND-601。（3）JM-11、ZZM-2、ND-601黄萎病最大缓解效果分别为32.5%、26.4%、16.5%,对应施钾量分别为290.5、253.5、229.5 kg·hm^-2。【结论】抗黄萎病性弱的品种通过适量施钾可增强其对黄萎病抗性,减轻黄萎病的发生。

关键词: 棉花; 品种; 施钾量; 抗黄萎病性; 生理机制

Abstract:

[Objective] It has theoretical guiding significance for the comprehensive control technology of Verticillium wilt of cotton to explore the effect of potassium nutrition on mechanism of cotton Verticillium wilt resistance under the condition of pathogen stress of Verticillium dahliae. [Method] Three cotton cultivars Jimian 11 (JM-11 as susceptible cultivar), Zhongzhimian 2 (ZZM-2 as control cultivar), Nongda 601 (ND-601 as resistant cultivar) were adopted, and each cultivar had 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg· hm^-2 potassium levels represented by K0, K75, K150, K225, K300. Two factors split plot experiment was designed under artificial nursery inoculated Verticillium dahlia, to observe disease index of Verticillium wilt, and researched resistance associated substances content and enzyme activity. [Result] (1) The lignin, total phenol contents and POD, PAL activity in leaves or roots of JM-11 were more greatly influenced by Verticillium wilt compared with ZZM-2, ND-601; the crucial disease resistance substances and enzymes were lignin, total phenol and PAL for JM-11, total phenol for ZZM-2 and ND-601. (2) The lignin, total phenol contents and POD, PAL activities of JM-11 were more sensitive to root potassium than ND-601, but weaker than that of ZZM-2. The sensitivity of POD, PAL activities in functional leaves of JM-11 to potassium were more sensitive than ND-601 and ZZM-2. (3) The best effect of potash fertilizer for relieving disease index for JM-11, ZZM-2, ND-601 were 32.5%, 26.4%, 16.5%, and corresponding potassium application amounts were 290.5 kg·hm^-2, 253.5 kg·hm^-2 and 229.5 kg·hm^-2, respectively. [Conclusion] Application of potassium could increase the resistance to Verticillium wilt and reduce the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt.

Key words: cotton; cultivar; potassium; Verticillium wilt resistance; physiological mechanism

李岩,张希鹤,郁凯,霍钰阳,王友华,陈兵林. 不同棉花品种及施钾量对黄萎病抗性生理机制的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2019, 31(1): 40-52.

Li Yan,Zhang Xihe,Yu Kai,Huo Yuyang,Wang Youhua,Chen Binglin. Physiological Mechanism of Different Varieties and Potassium Application Amounts on Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt[J]. Cotton Science, 2019, 31(1): 40-52.

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年份 Years	速效氮含量 Available N content / (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available P content / (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available K content / (mg·kg^-1)	全钾含量 Total K content/(g·kg^-1)	pH
2016	23.1	17.8	152.5	15.8	7.9
2017	23.8	18.2	135.7	14.9	7.6

年份 Years	品种 Cultivars	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	X_Y_max / （kg·hm^-2）	Y_max/ %	Y_mean / %
2016	JM-11	Y=3.326+0.164X-1.855×10^-4X²	0.907^**	300	35.8	26.1
	ZZM-2	Y=-9.637+0.328X-6.567×10^-4X²	0.880^**	250	31.3	24.1
	ND-601	Y=-7.407+0.263X-5.659×10^-4X²	0.891^**	232	23.2	18.0
2017	JM-11	Y=3.925+0.180X-3.205×10^-4X²	0.720^*	281	29.2	24.3
	ZZM-2	Y=9.079+0.096X-1.868×10^-4X²	0.744^*	257	21.4	19.2
	ND-601	Y=-4.006+0.050X-1.100×10^-4X²	0.743^*	227	9.7	8.7

年份 Years	钾处理 Potassium treatments	根 Roots	叶 Leaves	根 Roots	叶 Leaves	根 Roots	叶 Leaves
年份 Years	钾处理 Potassium treatments	JM-11		ZZM-2		ND-601
2016	K75	3.9	7.8	1.0	18.7	8.1	2.0
	K150	3.5	11.6	1.2	20.3	7.4	4.8
	K225	5.2	10.9	1.4	26.9	13.2	7.9
	K300	6.0	13.1	1.2	25.2	10.1	6.6
	平均Mean	4.7	10.9	1.2	22.8	9.7	5.3
2017	K75	4.4	8.0	5.1	13.6	9.7	2.9
	K150	5.3	9.7	5.2	19.5	11.7	1.2
	K225	6.5	10.9	5.7	19.9	11.6	4.3
	K300	6.8	12.4	5.2	18.6	11.4	4.2
	平均Mean	5.8	10.3	5.3	17.9	11.1	3.2

年份 Years	品种 Varieties	钾含量 K contents		木质素含量 Lignin contents		总酚含量 Total phenols contents		叶苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性Leaf PAL activities	叶过氧化物酶活性Leaf POD activities
年份 Years	品种 Varieties	根 Roots	叶 Leaves	根 Roots	叶 Leaves	根 Roots	叶 Leaves	叶苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性Leaf PAL activities	叶过氧化物酶活性Leaf POD activities
2016	JM-11	-0.950^*	-0.921^*	-0.931^*	-0.939^*	-0.893^*	-0.951^*	-0.957^*	-0.869
	ZZM-2	-0.901^*	-0.978^**	-0.874	-0.803	-0.900^*	-0.923^*	-0.824	-0.835
	ND-601	-0.947^*	-0.858	0.828	0.864	-0.968^**	-0.912^*	0.864	-0.607
2017	JM-11	-0.984^**	-0.954^*	-0.999^**	-0.944^**	-0.894^*	-0.973^**	-0.933^*	-0.867
	ZZM-2	-0.895^*	-0.980^**	-0.831	-0.937^*	-0.961^**	-0.963^**	-0.712	-0.887^*
	ND-601	-0.984^**	-0.582	-0.921^*	-0.848	-0.884^*	-0.949^*	-0.622	-0.474