湖南省棉花黄萎病菌致病力分化及致病型分布研究

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.lmzzg.20190314

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究湖南主产棉区黄萎病菌致病性变异情况,为湖南棉花抗病品种选育推广及棉花黄萎病综合防控提供理论依据。【方法】对湖南省各主产棉县（区）分离的77个黄萎病菌单孢进行培养特性观察,测定其中31个菌株生长速率、产孢量和致病力,并以SAS 9.1.3统计分析软件对供试菌株致病力聚类。以特异性引物（D-1/D-2 和ND-1/ND-2）经聚合酶链式反应检测24个菌株的致病类型。【结果】根据微菌核产量及在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基上培养的菌落特性,菌株可划分为菌核型、菌丝型和中间型3种培养类型,分别占总菌株数的14.28%、42.86%和42.86%。供试菌株生长速率为1.22~2.54 mm·d^-1,产孢量为5.3×10⁶~40.6×10⁶ mL^-1,各菌株之间存在明显差异。根据平均病情指数聚类结果将供试菌株划分为致病力强的Ⅰ型、致病力弱的Ⅱ型和致病力中等的Ⅲ型,分别占3.2%、12.9%和83.9%。【结论】湖南省棉花黄萎病菌以菌丝型和中间型为主要培养类型,且致病力存在明显分化;致病型检测结果表明目前湖南主产棉区黄萎病菌以落叶型为主。

关键词: 湖南; 棉花黄萎病菌; 致病力; 遗传分化

Abstract:

[Objective] The study of pathogenicity differentiation of Verticillium dahliae in the cotton growing areas in Hunan province could provide theories for breeding and promoting resistant varieties as well as integrated control of Verticillium wilt of cotton. [Method] Seventy seven strains of V. dahliae from major cotton growing areas in Hunan province were evaluated their cultural characteristics. The growth rate, sporulation quantity and pathogenicity of 31 strains among them were tested and SAS 9.1.3 statistical analysis software was used to cluster the pathogenicity of the tested strains. The special primer (D-1/D-2 and ND-1/ND-2) for polymerase chain reaction assay was used to test pathotype of 24 strains. [Result] According to their colony morphology on potato dextrose agar media and culture characteristics, the strains were classified into the sclerotium type, the hyphal type and the intermediate type accounted for 14.28%, 42.86% and 42.86%, respectively. The growth rate and sporulation quantity of the strains were 1.22-2.54 mm·d^-1 and 5.3×10⁶-40.6×10⁶ spore·mL^-1, which showed significant difference. In addition, based on the clustering results of average disease index,the strains were clustered into three groups which showed high (Type Ⅰ), low (Type Ⅱ) and moderate (Type Ⅲ) virulence to cotton with the proportion of 3.2%, 12.9% and 83.9%, respectively. [Conclusion] It is conclude that the main culture types of V. dahliae in Hunan province are the hyphal type and the intermediate type, and the strains showed pathogenicity differentiation. The result showed that defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae was dominant in the cotton growing areas of Hunan province.

Key words: Hunan province; Verticillium dahliae; pathogenicity; genetic variation

李敏,李彩红,赵瑞元,刘冰蕾,张志刚. 湖南省棉花黄萎病菌致病力分化及致病型分布研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2019, 31(2): 129-137.

Li Min,Li Caihong,Zhao Ruiyuan,Liu Binglei,Zhang Zhigang. Pathogenicity Differentiation and Pathotype Distribution of Verticillium dahliae from Cotton in Hunan Province[J]. Cotton Science, 2019, 31(2): 129-137.

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链接本文: http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/1002-7807.lmzzg.20190314

http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2019/V31/I2/129

图/表 6

图1

表1

77个菌株培养类型"

菌株 Strain	采集地点 Collection location	培养类型 Culturing type	菌株 Strain	采集地点 Collection location	培养类型 Culturing type
XVd1	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd42	南县Nanxian	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd2	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd44	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd3	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd45	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd4	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd46	南县Nanxian	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd5	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd47	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type
XVd6	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd48	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type
XVd7	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd49	南县Nanxian	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd8	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd50	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type
XVd10	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd51	南县Nanxian	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd11	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd52	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type
XVd12	鼎城Dingcheng	菌核型Sclerotium type	XVd53	澧县Lixian	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd13	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd54	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type
XVd14	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd55	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type
XVd15	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd56	南县Nanxian	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd16	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd57	安乡Anxiang	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd17	南县Nanxian	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd59	澧县Lixian	中间型Intermediate type
XVd18	南县Nanxian	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd60	澧县Lixian	中间型Intermediate type
XVd19	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd61	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd20	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd62	汉寿Hanshou	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd21	澧县Lixian	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd63	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd22	澧县Lixian	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd64	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd23	澧县Lixian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd65	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd24	澧县Lixian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd68	汉寿Hanshou	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd25	澧县Lixian	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd69	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd26	澧县Lixian	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd70	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd27	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd71	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type
XVd28	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd72	汉寿Hanshou	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd29	南县Nanxian	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd73	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd30	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd74	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd31	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd75	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd32	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd77	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd33	鼎城Dingcheng	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd78	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd34	汉寿Hanshou	菌丝型Hyphal type	XVd82	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd35	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd83	汉寿Hanshou	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd36	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd84	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd38	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd85	汉寿Hanshou	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd39	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd86	汉寿Hanshou	中间型Intermediate type
XVd40	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type	XVd87	澧县Lixian	菌核型Sclerotium type
XVd41	南县Nanxian	中间型Intermediate type

表1

表2

图2

表3

31个棉花黄萎病菌株对6个鉴别寄主的致病性"

菌株 Strain	中棉所41 CCRI 41		豫棉2067 Yumian 2067		鲁棉研28 Lumianyan 28		中棉所35 CCRI 35		冀棉11号 Jimian 11		中棉所8号 CCRI 8		平均病指 Average DI	致病力类型 Pathogenic-ity type
菌株 Strain	DI	RT	DI	RT	DI	RT	DI	RT	DI	RT	DI	RT	平均病指 Average DI	致病力类型 Pathogenic-ity type
XVd78	38.7	S	39.8	S	29.5	T	44.4	S	56.2	S	54.0	S	43.8	Ⅰ
XVd19	23.5	T	28.5	T	21.7	T	27.2	T	31.5	T	26.6	T	26.5	Ⅱ
XVd53	25.2	T	25.8	T	23.2	T	21.4	T	30.4	T	24.6	T	25.1	Ⅱ
XVd28	18.8	R	22.1	T	13.3	R	21.1	T	34.4	T	31.9	T	23.6	Ⅱ
XVd84	25.6	T	28.1	T	18.8	R	24.9	T	35.8	S	26.1	T	26.5	Ⅱ
XVd16	26.4	T	30.3	T	24.3	T	38.1	S	36.2	S	40.5	S	32.6	Ⅲ
XVd11	31.0	T	27.7	T	26.0	T	35.1	S	59.5	S	54.2	S	38.9	Ⅲ
XVd5	30.4	T	38.2	S	29.3	T	44.3	S	33.0	T	62.0	S	39.5	Ⅲ
XVd25	29.8	T	37.1	S	35.8	S	42.5	S	61.0	S	45.2	S	41.9	Ⅲ
XVd71	23.9	T	25.9	T	27.8	T	30.4	T	34.9	T	32.1	T	29.2	Ⅲ
XVd74	40.8	S	35.7	S	35.0	T	38.4	S	46.1	S	41.2	S	39.6	Ⅲ
XVd45	37.0	S	33.3	T	28.9	T	33.1	T	56.9	S	39.0	S	38.0	Ⅲ
XVd77	29.3	T	29.7	T	27.1	T	52.4	S	48.9	S	50.9	S	39.7	Ⅲ
XVd60	32.3	T	33.3	T	31.1	T	35.4	S	42.2	S	59.5	S	39.0	Ⅲ
XVd6	22.6	T	29.0	T	28.3	T	37.3	S	49.8	S	47.2	S	35.7	Ⅲ
XVd1	28.7	T	29.5	T	27.0	T	43.4	S	48.6	S	58.8	S	39.3	Ⅲ
XVd33	32.9	T	34.8	T	32.2	T	45.0	S	57.9	S	44.4	S	41.2	Ⅲ
XVd17	29.3	T	32.7	T	28.3	T	26.4	T	50.0	S	42.1	S	34.8	Ⅲ
XVd21	29.3	T	29.0	T	26.2	T	32.3	T	40.5	S	42.5	S	33.3	Ⅲ
XVd61	33.7	T	32.3	T	27.0	T	46.0	S	41.0	S	36.7	S	36.1	Ⅲ
XVd30	37.8	S	30.2	T	28.7	T	41.2	S	62.8	S	48.1	S	41.4	Ⅲ
XVd68	21.4	T	32.7	T	24.9	T	20.5	T	41.3	S	33.5	T	29.1	Ⅲ
XVd26	25.4	T	24.1	T	21.5	T	21.5	T	38.1	S	53.3	S	30.7	Ⅲ
XVd59	19.9	R	23.7	T	16.1	R	30.1	T	50.0	S	43.8	S	30.6	Ⅲ
XVd14	24.8	T	23.6	T	20.7	T	24.6	T	48.0	S	54.1	S	32.6	Ⅲ
XVd40	24.4	T	23.9	T	21.6	T	27.9	T	50.1	S	38.3	S	31.0	Ⅲ
XVd75	24.4	T	26.1	T	28.1	T	23.0	T	40.2	S	34.1	T	29.3	Ⅲ
XVd7	22.1	T	27.1	T	19.5	R	30.1	T	45.9	S	30.0	T	29.1	Ⅲ
XVd31	27.0	T	32.3	T	20.0	R	31.7	T	55.8	S	55.1	S	37.0	Ⅲ
XVd57	27.9	T	30.4	T	14.6	R	27.5	T	47.7	S	43.8	S	32.0	Ⅲ
XVd2	24.9	T	25.9	T	16.2	R	32.7	T	46.1	S	34.7	T	30.1	Ⅲ

表3

图3

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菌株 Strain	产孢量 Spore yield/（10⁶ mL^-1）	生长速率 Growth rate/（mm·d^-1）	菌株 Strain	产孢量 Spore yield/（10⁶ mL^-1）	生长速率 Growth rate/（mm·d^-1）
XVd60	24.4	2.54	XVd77	9.6	2.29
XVd57	20.1	2.10	XVd7	13.5	2.39
XVd59	11.3	2.16	XVd33	13.3	2.39
XVd21	33.9	2.35	XVd1	26.8	2.25
XVd61	24.6	2.54	XVd5	19.6	2.47
XVd53	32.2	2.27	XVd2	40.6	2.16
XVd75	16.4	2.36	XVd14	5.3	2.53
XVd26	15.1	2.33	XVd11	8.4	2.39
XVd25	34.4	2.16	XVd6	13.4	2.44
XVd31	13.0	2.19	XVd19	19.4	2.17
XVd78	35.8	2.33	XVd17	19.2	1.51
XVd74	16.4	2.21	XVd28	13.3	2.23
XVd68	10.5	2.32	XVd16	6.8	2.3
XVd30	24.7	2.28	XVd40	11.9	1.22
XVd71	26.6	2.16	XVd84	14.4	1.43
XVd45	21.3	2.19