不同熟性棉花品种冠层温度分布特点

doi:10.11963/1002-7807.ajlyb.20210113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确不同类型棉花品种冠层温度的分布特点,探究冠层温度与光合特性之间的关系,寻求判断棉花熟性的可能指标。【方法】选择6个常用的供试棉花品种,利用搭载热红外测温仪的无人机获取棉花花铃期冠层温度的数字图像,同时测定同一时间段的蒸腾速率、气孔导度等光合指标。【结果】中棉所50不同部位气冠温差表现为上层>下层>中层,中棉所60则正好相反。在同一天中,6个棉花品种表现为13:30的冠层温度大于10:30的冠层温度。此外,不同类型品种叶片蒸腾速率与气孔导度呈正相关,冠层温度和蒸腾速率呈负相关。通过聚类分析得出,在欧式距离12.5处,6个品种可以聚类成2类。在欧式距离5处,每一类还可分为2个亚类,其中第Ⅰ类的第一亚类包括中棉所60和冀棉研228,第二亚类仅有中棉所3799;第Ⅱ类的第一亚类包括中棉所50和通骞一号,第二亚类仅有0式品系。【结论】不同棉花品种冠层温度的变化规律不同。结合冠层温度和光合指标对棉花品种进行聚类分组与其基于生育期长短的熟性分组大致相同。

关键词: 棉花品种; 冠层温度; 光合指标; 熟性

Abstract:

[Objective] The distribution characteristics of canopy temperature in different types of cotton varieties were clarified; the relationship between canopy temperature and photosynthetic characteristics was explored, and the possible index for evaluating cotton maturity was identified. [Method] Six cotton varieties were selected, and the digital images of canopy temperature were obtained by using UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) carried thermal infrared thermometer from the flowering to the first boll opening period. Meanwhile, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and other photosynthetic indexes in the same period of time were measured. [Result] The results showed that the temperature depression of different levels of CCRI 50 were in the following order: the upper layer > the lower layer > the middle layer, and CCRI 60 is just the opposite. In the same day, of all cotton varieties, canopy temperature at 13:30 was greater than 10:30. In addition, transpiration rate of different types of cultivars was positively correlated with stomatal conductance and negatively correlated with canopy temperature. At the Euclidean distance of 12.5, six cultivars could be clustered into two categories. At the Euclidean distance of 5, each category could be divided into two subcategories by the clustering analysis. The two subclasses within the first category were as follow, the first subclass: CCRI 60 and Ji 228; the second subclass: CCRI 3799. The two subclasses within the second category were as follow, the first subclass: CCRI 50 and TQ No.1; the second subclass: 0 Shi. [Conclusion] The change of canopy temperature of different cotton varieties was different. The cluster grouping of cotton varieties based on canopy temperature and photosynthetic index roughly correspond to the maturity types according to the growth period.

Key words: cotton varieties; canopy temperature; photosynthesis indexes; maturity

安杰,韩迎春,张正贵,冯璐,雷亚平,杨北方,王国平,李小飞,王占彪,邢芳芳,熊世武,辛明华,李亚兵. 不同熟性棉花品种冠层温度分布特点[J]. 棉花学报, 2021, 33(2): 134-143.

An Jie,Han Yingchun,Zhang Zhenggui,Feng Lu,Lei Yaping,Yang Beifang,Wang Guoping,Li Xiaofei,Wang Zhanbiao,Xing Fangfang,Xiong Shiwu,Xin Minghua,Li Yabing. Characterization of canopy temperature distribution in different maturity types of cotton varieties[J]. Cotton Science, 2021, 33(2): 134-143.

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链接本文: http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/10.11963/1002-7807.ajlyb.20210113

http://journal.cricaas.com.cn/Jweb_mhxb/CN/Y2021/V33/I2/134

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品种 varieties	蒸腾速率Transpiration rate /(mol·m^-2·s^-1)	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate /(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度Intercellular CO₂ concentration /(μmol·mol^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance /(mol·m^-2·s^-1)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency
0式品系 0 Shi	0.015 a	44.854 a	298.665 ab	0.952 ab	2.944 a
中棉所50 CCRI 50	0.018 a	44.232 a	319.547 a	1.284 a	2.481 b
中棉所60 CCRI 60	0.010 b	27.215 d	292.773 b	0.508 c	2.862 a
冀棉研228 Ji 228	0.013 a	37.112 bc	302.441 ab	0.801 b	2.775 a
中棉所3799 CCRI 3799	0.015 a	41.606 a	303.767 a	0.936 ab	2.706 a
通骞一号 TQ No.1	0.016 a	40.593 ab	317.180 a	1.098 ab	2.604 a

		A	C_i	G_s	WUE	E	T_c
0式品系	A	1.000
0 Shi	C_i	-0.996^**	1.000
	G_s	-0.990^**	0.999^**	1.000
	WUE	0.986^**	0.971^**	0.962^**	1.000
	E	0.588	0.534	0.511	0.714	1.000
	T_c	0.425	0.495	0.534	0.298	-0.343	1.000
中棉所50	A	1.000
CCRI 50	C_i	0.882^**	1.000
	G_s	0.963^**	0.975^**	1.000
	WUE	-0.923^**	-0.995^**	-0.992^**	1.000
	E	0.982^**	0.954^**	0.996^**	-0.979^**	1.000
	T_c	0.719	0.664	0.707	-0.698	-0.723	1.000
中棉所60	A	1.000
CCRI 60	C_i	0.284	1.000
	G_s	0.903^*	0.573	1.000
	WUE	-0.254	0.131	0.099	1.000
	E	0.570	0.112	0.273	-0.930^*	1.000
	T_c	-0.178	0.671	0.020	0.024	-0.013	1.000
		A	C_i	G_s	WUE	E	T_c
冀棉研228	A	1.000
Ji 228	C_i	-0.994^**	1.000
	G_s	-0.960^**	0.985^**	1.000
	WUE	-0.988^**	-0.989^**	-0.949^*	1.000
	E	-0.978^**	0.957	0.902^**	-0.988^**	1.000
	T_c	0.449	-0.356	-0.197	0.484	-0.575	1.000
中棉所3799	A	1.000
CCRI 3799	C_i	-0.991^**	1.000
	G_s	-0.977^**	0.997^**	1.000
	WUE	0.991	-0.983^**	-0.967^**	1.000
	E	-0.938^*	0.931	0.910^**	-0.976^**	1.000
	T_c	-0.593	0.686	0.740	-0.550	-0.450	1.000
通骞一号	A	1.000
TQ No.1	C_i	-0.730	1.000
	G_s	0.960^**	-0.510	1.000
	WUE	0.988^**	-0.828	0.904^*	1.000
	E	0.963^**	-0.520	1.000^**	0.909^**	1.000
	T_c	-0.534	-0.088	-0.727	-0.414	-0.713	1.000

熟性 Maturity	品种（系） Varieties (lines)	株型分类 Plant types	主要株型特征 Characteristics
早熟（生育期<120天） Early-maturity (Growth period<120 d)	0 式品系 0 Shi	紧凑型 Compact type	植株筒形,株型紧凑,株高较矮,果枝短,果节少,叶片偏小 Tube type, compact type, short plant height, short fruit branches, few fruit nodes, small leaves
早熟（生育期<120天） Early-maturity (Growth period<120 d)	中棉所50 CCRI 50	紧凑型 Compact type	植株塔形,株型紧凑,叶片中等偏小,叶呈深绿色 Tower type, compact type, medium to small leaves, dark green leaf
中熟（生育期121~130天） Mid-maturity (Growth period 121-130 d)	中棉所60 CCRI 60	稍紧凑型 Slight compact type	植株塔形,株型中等,株高较高,果枝长度中等,叶片中等大小,叶色较深 Tower type, medium compact plant type, high plant height, medium fruit branch length, medium leaf size, dark leaf color
中熟（生育期121~130天） Mid-maturity (Growth period 121-130 d)	冀棉研228 Ji 228	松散型 Loose type	植株塔形,株型松散,株高较高,果枝较长,叶片多且偏大 Tower type, loose type, high plant height, long fruit branches, more and larger leaves
中晚熟（生育期141~150天） Mid-late maturity (Growth period 141-150 d)	中棉所3799 CCRI 3799	松散型 Loose type	植株塔形,株型松散,果枝较长,叶片偏大 Tower type, loose type, long fruit branches, larger leaves
	通骞一号 TQ No.1	松散型 Loose type	株型松散,叶片呈鸡爪样,叶片偏大,果枝长 Loose type, leaves like chicken feet, larger leaves, long fruit branches