15 May 2008, Volume 20 Issue 3

    

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  Tagging and Mapping of QTL for Yield and its Components in Upland Cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.）Population with Varied Lint Percentage

  LI Cheng-Qi, GUO Wang-Zhen, MA Xiao-Ling, ZHANG Tian-Zhen

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 163-169.

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  A genetic linkage map with 88 loci from 6111 pair SSR primers was constructed using 188 F₂ plants obtained from a cross between two upland cotton cultivars, which differ remarkably in lint percentage and have relatively high levels of DNA marker polymorphism. The map covered \{666.7 cM\} with an average distance of 7.57 cM between two markers, or approximately 14.9% of the recombination length of the cotton genome. Composite interval mapping was used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) in F₂ and F_2:3 family lines. Eighteen QTLs for yield and its components were identified including two QTLs for lint percentage, four QTLs for seed yield, four QTLs for lint yield, two QTLs for lint index, three QTLs for bolls per plant, two QTLs for boll size, and one QTL for seed index. These QTLs separately explained 6.9%～16.9%, 5.6%～16.2%, 4.8%～15.6%, 7.7%～13.3%, 8.2%～11.6%, 6.1%～7%, and 6.6% of the phenotypic variance. Different QTLs affecting yield traits were detected within the same chromosome region, suggesting that genes controlling yield traits may be linked closely or the result of pleiotropy. The QTLs controlling yield and its components were mainly dominant and overdominant. The molecular markers linked closely to the major QTLs may be used in MAS (marker-assisted selection) to improve cotton yield and its components.
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  Comparative Analysis of Heritability and Heterosis of Main Economic Traits of High Fiber Quality Varieties Crossed with Different Types in Upland Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

  TANG Fei-Yu, CHENG Jin, HUANG Wen-Xin, XIAO Xiao-Hong, XIAO Wen-Jun

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 170-173.

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  wo types of crosses were made by NCⅡdesign.The typeⅠwas made between five high fiber quality upland cotton varieties as female and two other high fiber quality varieties as males. The typeⅡwas made between the five same females and three Bt transgenic lines as males. Gene action and heterosis of main characters of the two types of crosses were analyzed using the genetic model of addictive dominance. The 25 crosses and their parents were planted at agricultural experiment station of Jiangxi Agricultural University in Jiangxi Province. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with three replicates. 50 normal opened bolls per plot were picked for assaying the boll weight, lint percentage. Seed cotton was harvested eventually. All the fiber samples were tested with HVI system in Cotton Research Institute of CAAS. The results showed: there existed very significantly additive and dominant effects for the seed cotton yield of the two types. Only dominant effects were found to be statistically significant for the bolls per plant and boll weight in the typeⅠ, which were controlled by additive and dominant effects in the typeⅡ. The fiber quality traits were mainly controlled by additive effects in both types, but strong dominant effects also existed in fiber length. Positive F₁ heterosis over betterparent value was found for the seed cotton yield and bolls per plant in the typeⅠ.The contrary result appeared in the typeⅡ.There were relatively low F₁ heterosis over mid-parent value for the fiber length and micronaire value and negative F₁ heterosis for fiber strength in the two types. It was suggested that the crosses between high fiber quality lines could be used to increased yield in large extent and preserve the excellent fiber quality.
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  Study on a New Rapid Inoculation Method for Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt of Cotton

  PENG Shan, Lü Xue-Lian , GAO Feng, LI Guo-Ying, LI Hui

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 174-178.

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  A rapid and effective inoculation method is the basic technique for identifying cotton varieties’ resistance to Verticillium wilt and/or Fusarium wilt and differentiating the pathogenicity of these pathogens. This study was carried out to search a new inoculation method with high efficiency for cotton Verticillium  wilt and/or Fusarium wilt. The experiment was developed in the field and the greenhouse whose temperature and light was adjustable.  Three non-injured cotton root inoculation methods: the whole stage field disease plot appraisal, dipping cotton seedling roots cultured in liquid with spore suspension, and irrigation cotton seedling roots cultured in soil with spore suspension,were compared for their effectiveness in infection and development of Verticillium wilt and/or Fusarium wilt of cotton. Results showed that, among the three inoculation methods,  entire test period with method of field disease plot appraisal needed six months or more, method of irrigation cotton seedling roots cultured in soil with spore suspension needed two months, but dipping cotton seedling roots cultured in liquid with spore suspension (the inoculation concentration was 10⁷conidia·mL^-1) needed only 30 days. Besides,by the third inoculation method, not only the cotton varieties’ resistance to Verticillium wilt and/or Fusarium wilt, but also the strains’ pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae and/or Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Vasinfectum could be appraised. The result was accorded with the field appraisal. Furthermore, for this method  need not injure any parts of the plant,so it can make the result more accurate and the plants were suitable for the quite precise research. The different inoculation times（20 min，30 min，40 min，60 min） were also optimized, and the results were showed that the inoculation time lasted for 40 min was the most optimum and got the consistent results with that by field disease plot. Dipping cotton seedling roots cultured in liquid with spore suspension is a rapid, reliable and steady inoculation method for Verticillium wilt and/or Fusarium wilt of cotton. Presently, improvement of this method is tried to use in the screening of cotton mutant for resistance to Verticillium wilt and/or Fusarium wilt and in the testing of function for pathogenicity genes.
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  Molecular Marker and QTL of Yield-related Traits in Transgenic Insect-resistant Cotton Varieties

  ZHANG Jian-Hong, WANG Shu-Fang, SHI Yu-Zhen, ZHANG Gui-Yin, LIU Ai-Ying, LI Jun-Wen, MA Zhi-Ying, YUAN You-Lu

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 179-185.

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  The cross of sGK9708×0-153 was made, which included one parent with high fiber strength, 0-153, originating from crossing of G.hirsutum L. with G.arboreum L., and backcrossing with G.hirsutum L. as the recurrent parent, and the other commercial transgenic variety with resistance to budworm, sGK9708. A total of 3869 pair SSR primers were used to screen polymorphism among two parents and their F₁, which resulted in 150 polymorphic loci from 125 pair primers in F₂ population. Linkage test indicated that 100 loci could be mapped to 20 linkage groups, which covered a total genetic distance of 660 cM, approximately 14.67% of cotton genome. The average distance of neighbor markers was 6.6 cM. 13 linkage groups were assigned to corresponding chromosome, respectively. Based on Composite Interval Mapping (CIM) method, the result showed that 28 QTLs for fiber yield related traits were detected in F₂ and F_2∶3 populations. These QTLs of yield-related trait existed in the five linkage groups only, clustered on the same locus in different chromosomes. Two QTLs of lint yield clustered with many QTLs of other yield related traits in two different linkage group segments with same direction of genetic effects. So it is necessary to study the effect of the marker-assisted selection for the two QTLs in the future. No same QTL for the yield-related trait could be detected in different generations, which shows multiple self-crossing lines should be developed for QTL analysis of yield-related traits. 
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  Effect of Protein Elicitor from Alternaria Tenuissima on Main Characters of Cotton and Enzymatic Protection System of Plant

  ZHANG Zhi-Gang, QIU De-Wen, GUAN Chun-Yun, MEI Zheng-Ding, YANG Xiao-Ping, LIU Kai-Zhi, HE Yun-Xin

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 186-191.

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  The effect of protein elicitor from Alternaria tenuissima on cotton fiber quality and biological characteristic of plant is described. By analyzing the main agronomic and economical characters，the boll number was significantly promoted by Alternaria protein elicitor. The plant height，weight of single bell，lint-index，seed-index and lint-percent were increased in different degrees，whereas the weight of single boll hull was decreased. The protein elicitor promoted cotton plant to be precocious,and increased cotton yield. By the treatment of soaking seeds，the unginned-yield and lint-yield reached 3800.6 kg·hm^-2 and 1596.2 kg·hm^-2，respectively，which were 15.12% and 17.19% higher than those of control. As to the fiber quality，many parameters were remarkedly improved by applying the protein activator at the right moment with the appropriate concentration. The treatment of soaking seeds plus spraying at bud period had the top comprehensive value，which was 6.1% higher than that of control. In the aspect of biological characteristic，the results showed that Alternaria protein elicitor influenced enzyme activity of POD，NR，SOD, and MDH in various degrees. POD，NR, and SOD increased in all treatments，while MDA decreased. Based on the above results，possible role of inducing the plant growth and enhancing the cotton fiber quality with Alternaria protein elicitor was discussed.
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  Primary QTL Mapping of Upland Cotton RIL CRIG6 by SSR Marker

  ZHANG Xian-Liang, WANG Kun-Bo, SONG Guo-Li, LIU Fang, LI Shao-Hui, WANG Chun-Ying, ZHANG Xiang-Di, WANG Yu-Hong

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 192-197.

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  Two typical upland cotton (Acala1517 and Dezhou 047)  were applied to construction of intraspecific recombinant inbred lines (RIL). The agronomic trait of RIL were studied. The trait difference of two parents were significant or extremely significant based on field investigation. The agronomic trait performances of the RIL completely matched the heredity characters of multi-loci quantitative trait. The polymorphism screening result of molecular marker indicated that the genetic relationship of two parents was near. So it was difficult to construct the high density linkage map using the RIL. But the RIL should raise the accuracy when it was applied to the gene location study. 51 SSR markers were assigned into 15 linkage groups. The total length of the linkage map is about 504.05 cM, covering 10.08% of the whole cotton genome. 15 QTLs were detected based on two years agronomic trait data, including three concerned with earliness, seven with fiber quality and five with yield trait. Seven SSR marker tightly linked with the QTL site were valuable to the marker assisted breeding.
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  Effects of Mixture of DPC and DTA-6 on Yield, Yield Components and Lint Quality of Transgenic Bt Cotton

  FAN Xi-Feng, ZHOU Yong, TIAN Xiao-Li, DUAN Liu-Sheng, HE Zhong-Pei, LI Zhao-Hu

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 198-202.

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  This experiment was conducted in Wuqiao experimental station (located in Hebei Province) of China Agricultural University from 2004 to 2005, to investigate the effects of single application of mepiquat chloride (DPC) or in mixture with DTA-6（DPC+）on the yield, yield components and lint quality in transgenic Bt cotton with Xinza 2 (XZ DPC2, hybrid Bt cotton) and Guokang 12 (GK 12, conventional Bt cotton).The results indicated that DPC increased the lint yield by 4.7% in 2004 and 12.1% in 2005,respectively, whereas DPC+ increased boll numbers and boll weight more than single application of DPC, and therefore resulted 14.5% higher lint yield areraged across varieties and years. Among lint quality parameters, only micronaire value was significantly but slightly increased by DPC (except for that of GK 12 in 2005). Taken together, DPC+ is more advantageous in increasing the yield of transgenic Bt cotton compared with DPC, which enables its practical application in current cotton production in China.
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  Combined Effects of Waterlogging and Salinity on Plant Growth and Some Physiological Parameters in Cotton Seedling Leaves

  LUO Zhen, DONG He-Zhong, LI Wei-Jiang, TANG Wei, ZHANG Dong-Mei

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 203-206.

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  Salinity and waterloging are two important abiotic stresses to agricultural production. Since the period of plant growth and development of cotton and the rainy season overlap, a combination of waterloging and salinity may occur in saline cotton field, but the effect of the combined stress on cotton is still not well documented. In attempt to investigate the single and the combined effects of waterlogging and salinity on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), two cotton varieties (SCRC17 and SCRC28) were cultured and treated with either fresh water (CK), salinity, waterlogging or a combination of both stresses at the 3 true-leaf stage in a greenhouse. The photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll contents in seedling leaves and plant dry weight were examined at 14 d after stress. The results showed that salinity, waterlogging or the combination significantly reduced Pn and dry weight for both cultivars，but the effect of waterlogging was significantly greater than that of salinity, and that of the combination of both stresses was greater than either stress alone. A significantly combined inhibitory effect on plants growth and leaf photosynthesis was observed in the combination treatment. The decreased Pn under salinity stress was greatly attributed to the decline of leaf chlorophyll contents, while the decreased Pn under waterlogging and a combination of both stresses might be attributed to the reduced stability of chloroplast and PSⅡ. It is suggested that improvement in irrigation and drainage in saline cotton field is a practical way to enhance cotton yield and fiber quality.
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  Studies on Morphometrics and Cytological Features of Cotton （Gossypium hirsutum）Dwarfing Strains

  FENG Xiu-Min, LIU Ai-Yu, CHEN Jin-Xiang, YI Jiu-Hong, FENG Zheng-Rui, LI Rui-Lian

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 207-211.

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  Taking the dwarf line “97004D”, average line “97004H”,and the genetic standard line “TM-1” as materials, the growth trend of main stem and the cytological anatomical structure of stem meristem were studied.The height of cotton plant has no prominent difference among 97004D, 97004H, and TM-1,from seedling to the squaring period，but there has difference in the height of plant after the squaring stage. There were no prominent difference in number of main stem internode and fruiting shoot among 97004D, 97004H and TM-1 in every period. Cytological research showed that：there have characteristics compared with TM-1 in transverse section of stem in 97004D,such as bigger surface area of parenchyma cell, less number of vascular bundle,and more  developed cambium,etc. There are more parenchyma cells of infant stem in TM-1 than 97004D,and these parenchyma cells start to develop at the first period and speed up the growth. The internode length of stem elongated because of many stem cells unceasing mitosis and growth.
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  Effect of Sand Priming on the NaCl Tolerance of Seed of Transgenic Insect Resistant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

  JIANG Yu-Rong, SUN Yu-Qiang, TONG Xu-Hong, ZHU Shui-Jin

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 212-216.

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  The effect of seed priming with sand on the seed germination, seedling emergence, the characters of seeding growth and development of the transgenic insect resistant cotton stressed with different concentrations of NaCl was studied, using two extending transgenic insect resistant cotton cultivars, CCRI 41 and Z-905, as materials and their genetic background cultivar, CCRI 23, as check. The results indicated that it was harmful for the seed germination and field emergence of the upland cotton seeds when they were treated with different concentration of NaCl. The germination percentage and field emergence of the transgenic insect resistant cotton cultivars stressed by NaCl were much lower than those of their genetic background check. However, priming treatment with sand could alleviate the harm of the NaCl stress significantly. After the treatment of seed priming, the germination percentage and seedling emergence on the condition of NaCl stress were increased significantly, and the seed tolerance to the salt stress was enhanced greatly, especially for the transgenic insect resistant cotton cultivars. There were great differences in the effect of the seed priming treatments on the seed germination and field emergence, stressed by NaCl, between the transgenic insect resistant cotton and their genetic background one; and the formers, with weaker tolerance against NaCl stress, had a better effect than that of their genetic background one without exogenous insect resistant genes. The results of biochemical analysis showed that the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cotyledons and roots of cotton seedling increased significantly, but decreased dramatically for the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), when they were treated by seed priming with sand, comparing with the check. This experiment indicated that sand priming for cotton seed could enhance the salt tolerance of seedlings due to increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulating in the cotton seedlings, which suggested that sand priming may help to improve seedling establishment and enhance the ability of salt tolerance in cotton.
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  Hyperspectral Estimating Modelings of Cotton LAI and the Above-ground Dry Matter Accumulation

  MA Qin-Jian, WANG Deng-Wei-*, HUANG Chun-Yan, YUAN Jie, CHEN Yan, ZHAO Peng-Ju

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 217-222.

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  Hyperspectral data of cotton canopy were measured with ASD FieldSpec during different growth stages, and simultaneously, leaf area index(LAI), above-ground dry biomass accumulation(ADMA) were acquired. The correlations between the reflective spectra data and cotton canopy LAI, ADMA were analyzed, respectively. The result indicated that the maximum correlation coefficients between reflective spectra data and LAI, ADMA of cotton were occurred at wavelength 783 nm(r=0.6394^**) and 766 nm(r=0.6287^**), respectively. Reflective spectra data were statistically analyzed to establish five function modelings of LAI, ADMA of cotton, based on ratio vegetation index(RVI), and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI). The RVI modeling has a higher precision. According to correlation analysis between the first derivative spectra data and LAI, ADMA of cotton, the sensitivity wavelength has take placed at 736 nm(r=0.6769^**) and 742 nm(r=0.6847^**),respectively. Using derivative spectra value of wavelength 736 nm and 742 nm to establish the linear regression modelings of LAI and ADMA, all reached 1% significant level. It showed that value of sensitivity wavelength of the first derivative spectra has certain estimating capacity for LAI and ADMA of cotton.
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  Molecular Biology Research Advance on Cotton Reproductive Organ Development

  ZHOU Tao, ZHANG Rui, MENG Zhi-Gang, SUN Guo-Qing, SUN Shu-Qi, GUO San-Dui

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 223-230.

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  Cotton reproductive organ development is correlative with cotton economic value tightly, \{it's\} always the focus of cotton molecular biology research. Research in this field by molecular biology, is not only helping us understand cotton reproductive organ development mechanism, but also can be applied in cotton production. At present, researchers have made great progress in this field. For example, researchers get more information about cotton cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and genome male sterility (GMS), restorer fertility gene 1 (Rf¹) had been located in two BAC clones spanning an interval of approximately 100 kb, Rf² gene had been located in a genetic map with 9 markers in a genetic distance of 2.9 cM; cotton GMS line with yellow bud marker had been found. On the other hand, cotton fiber development related genes had been mapped by quantitative trait loci (QTL); by studying the transcriptome and regulation of cotton fiber development, some cotton fiber elongation related genes had been cloned; furthermore, some cotton reproductive organ specific promoters had been cloned. It's hoped that the review could provide reference for further research and application the research results on breeding high quality, high yield and high resistance cotton varieties.
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  Method Comparison of Total RNA Isolation for Young Cotton Buds

  SONG Yang, WU Qiao-Wen, GUO San-Dui

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 231-234.

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  RNA extraction efficiencies of leaves and young buds from cotton and tobacco were investigated by using hot borate /protease K method and Trizol method, respectively. The result indicated that RNA extracted by hot borate method showed better quality and integrity.
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  Study on the Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum of Cotton Using New Hybrids between G. barbadense and G. hirsutum

  LIU Ze-Hui, WU Gang, SHUI Yong, FU Hong-Qi, QIN Wen-Bin

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 235-238.

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  Identification of disease resistance of four new germplasms of G. barbadense at disease nursery，serious infected field and resistance differentiation strains of Fusarium oxysporum had made.The results showed that four new germplasms have strong resistance. With  high production and quality, the heredity of disease resistance are strong and stable. The new germplasms provided new resistance sources for G. barbadense disease resistant breeding.
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  Dynamics of Carbohydrate and Pigment Content During Fiber Development in Brown-colored Cotton

  HUA Shui-Jin, WANG Xue-De-*, ZHAO Xiang-Qian, NI Mi, YUAN Shu-Na, JIANG Li-Xi

  Cotton Science. 2008, 20(3): 239-封三.

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  One of the most distinctive points of brown cotton fiber is a lot of pigment accumulation during fiber development compared with white cotton fiber. So, dynamics of carbohydrate and pigment content during fiber development was characterized using dark brown, brown, light brown, and white fiber cotton as plant materials. Results showed that white cotton fiber had the hightest soluble sugar and sucrose content from the day of anthsis to 10 DPA (days post anthesis). Brown and dark brown cotton fiber  had lower sugar content, and their sugar content was similar at the same development stage. From 15 DPA on, total soluble sugar and sucrose content both in brown and white fiber was close. As for fructose content, variation between brown and white cotton fiber was not obvious and showed a decline trend during whole fiber development stage. Pigment content in cotton fiber was dark brown>brown>light brown>white from anthesis to fiber maturation indicating that carbohydrate would be partially consumed due to pigment synthesis in brown cotton fiber.