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棉 花 学 报 Cotton Science 2008，20(2)：141-147
Advance in Research on Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Abstract：Induction of embryogenic callus (EC) is a key course of the whole plant regeneration process of plant tissue culture. Recent progresses in plant somatic embryogenesis, including the dynamic change of amino acid, enzyme and phyto hormones, protein marker and gene different expressions, and the heritability of regeneration capacity in vitro plant were reviewed. In the process of inducing callus to EC by tissue culture, the changes would happen to protein components, enzyme activity, phyto-hormone contents with cell functions transforming, and a series of genes expressing in plant, and how these affect the induction were the hot point of tissue culture researches. The research results of the increased content of nucleic acid, amino acid, and protein of EC were applied into the improvement of culture medium which was added more amino acids like Arg and Glu. It was proved that POD, APase and Esterase Isoenzymes played important roles in the differentiation of EC. In the same time, High ABA among of phyto-hormone was benefit to increase the ability of EC differentiation with low PEP. The study on differentia expression of gene was just at the initial stage, in which the common sequencings of protein of 35～55 kD was found as the marker of EC. The differentia expression gene had never been cloned. The researches on proteomics, which should be enhanced, were so far at initial research period of isoenzyme and protein marker. In genetics researches, though the genotype limitation existed in most of plants, the materials with high differentiation rates were only selected in few crops. So it is necessary to further search for the main genes of embryogenic callus and to select the high differentiation materials rapidly.
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