Cotton Science 2005，17(5)：299-303
Study of Agricultural Tri-dimension Pollution on Ecological System in Cotton Field and Its Control Tactics Abstract: Cotton stands first constantly in the using of pesticide, fertilizer and plastic film comparing to the other crops in China . Presently, the negative effects have emerged severely and have been embodied in the agricultural tridimension pollution (ATriP) from water, soil and organism to the air in the ecological system in cotton field. This paper firstly analyzed three key factors of ATriP of ecological system in cotton field and summarized the present situation of the AtriP. First, plastic film remained in the soil largely. These remnants destroyed the soil structure, blocked the ventilation and thus resulted in the bad soil quality. Meanwhile, during the decomposition, these remnants produced poisonous matters and then inhibited the root growth and reduced production. Secondly, while the overfertilization and the incorrect ways led to the seriously ecological environment pollution and endangering human health badly. Thirdly, the controls of diseases, pests and weeds in cotton crop were highly depended on pesticide of strong toxicity. On one hand, it was liable to arouse the pesticide scathe; on the other hand, some natural enemies of pests were subjected to fatal poison during the malign recycle of antipesticide and increasing using quantity and toxicity of pesticide. Consequently, it broke the ecological balance. Especially, the lower utilization and misuse of pesticide and fertilizer have made poisonous matters remain in the soil, released into water environment or escaped into the atmosphere. These poisonous remnants certainly contributed to the ATriP from water, soil to the air after long time of accumulation and cooperation, and accordingly had deep effects on the crop quality, world climate and human health. On the basis of AtriP states in the ecological system of cotton field, we put forward the corresponding control tactics from four aspects. First is to control the source of AtriP by means of effective techniques, and constitute IPM technology system so as to reduce the chemical control and to realize the balanceable fertilization. Second is to found an AtriP-preventing technology system by way of researching and generalizing environment-friendly pesticide and slow-releasing fertilizer and improving the means of applying pesticide and fertilization; establishing an environmentfriendly and efficient planting and cultivation measures; developing a type of biomaterial and decomposable multifunction agricultural membrane. Third is to found an AtriP-renovating technology system. A quick-diagnosis information database should be established firstly based on the AtriP distribution situation and the AtriP mechanism. Researches should be intensified to realize the bio-decomposition or bio-elimination of the plastic membrane remainders and poisonous remnants of pesticide and fertilizer. As to the transgenic insect-resistant cotton, it is necessary to set up a technology norm for detecting and monitoring the remaining and decomposition regularly. The last tactic is to cultivate new varieties of high quality and multiple fastnesses, such as insect-resistance, diseaseresistance, droughtresistance, salt and alkali-tolerance and high fertilizer-efficiency by biotechnology so that we can elevate the bio-control level in the cotton field.
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