15 November 2023, Volume 35 Issue 6
    

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    RESEARCH REPORTS
  • Gao Shengqi, Shao Wukui, Zhao Zhun, Shao Panxia, Hu Wenran, Huang Quansheng
    Cotton Science. 2023, 35(6): 447-458. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs20230039
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    [Objective] This research aims to investigate the role of calcium B-like protein (CBL) gene GhCBL3-A01 in resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton, so as to provide genetic resource for cotton disease resistance breeding. [Methods] The homologous sequences of GhCBL3-A01 gene were obtained from cotton genomic database for bioinformatic analysis. The relative expression levels of GhCBL3-A01 under Verticillium dahliae, methyl jasminate (MeJA) and H2O2 treatments were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The function of GhCBL3-A01 in cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt was analysed by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique. The functional mechanisms of GhCBL3-A01 were analyzed by detecting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression levels of related genes. [Results] GhCBL3-A01 and its three homologous proteins in upland cotton all contain three typical EF-hand domains of the CBL family. The expression level of GhCBL3-A01 was significantly increased under the treatment of Verticillium dahliae, MeJA, and H2O2. Silencing GhCBL3-A01 by VIGS resulted in a significant decrease in rate of diseased plants and disease index, a reduction in the browning degree of vascular bundles, and a decline in the number of hyphae in stem segments, which enhanced the resistance of cotton plants to Verticillium wilt. The expression levels of disease resistance-related genes (PR1, NPR1, PR4, and PDF1.2) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway genes (AOS1, OPR3, MYC2, and LOX2) were increased, and ROS accumulation was enriched in GhCBL3-A01 silenced cotton plants. [Conclusion] GhCBL3-A01 negatively regulates the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt by regulating the expression levels of defense-related genes and JA signaling pathway genes as well as the accumulation of ROS, which is a candidate gene for improving the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt.

  • Wang Hongbin, He Liqiang, Zhang Dongfeng, Song Meizhen, Wang Haijuan, Wang Zhigang, Liu Haiyan
    Cotton Science. 2023, 35(6): 459-472. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs20230033
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    [Objective] This research aims to investigate the optimum plant spacing and density for "Kuanzaoyou" planting pattern in the 7th Division of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, so as to provide a theoretical foundation for establishing a high-yield and efficient cultivation system for local cotton fields. [Methods] Field trials were carried out in 2021-2022, and the planting pattern of "Kuanzaoyou" (76 cm equal row spacing, the film width of 2.05 m) with one film-three rows-three belts was employed. Split-plot design was adopted; the main plot was cotton variety (Xinluzao 61 and K07-12), and the subplot was plant spacing(5.5 cm, 7.5 cm, 9.5 cm, 11.5 cm, 13.5 cm, and 15.5 cm, a total of six levels). The effects of different treatments on cotton growth period, agronomic traits, soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, dry matter mass, canopy structure, yield and fiber quality were studied. [Results] With the increase of plant spacing, the growth period of tested cotton varieties was shortened, the number of fruiting branches per plant, plant height, and stem diameter generally increased, the height of the first fruiting branch node exhibited a fluctuating decrease. SPAD values showed no significant difference under different plant spacing treatments. At the full flowering, peak boll setting and boll opening stage in 2022, with the increase of plant spacing, the dry matter mass of reproductive organs initially increased and then decreased, and the leaf area index (LAI) exhibited a fluctuating decrease, and diffuse non-interceptance (DIFN) showed a fluctuating increase. The differences were not significant for lint percentage, seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield of same cotton variety under different plant spacing treatments in 2021. In 2021 and 2022, the seed cotton yield and lint yield of Xinluzao 61 and K07-12 were higher and the fiber quality was better under the 9.5 cm plant spacing. The fiber quality of Xinluzao 61 was more stable, as there were no significant differences in upper half mean length, uniformity index, micronaire, breaking strength and breaking elongation of the fiber among different plant spacing treatments. [Conclusion] Under the "kuanzaoyou" planting pattern, when the plant spacing was 9.5 cm (theoretical planting density was 138 500 plants·hm-2), Xinluzao 61 and K07-12 could obtain better LAI and dry matter mass, higher seed cotton yield and lint yield, and better fiber quality could be maintained.

  • Chen Dandan, Wang Jinyu, Peng Jie, Xie Xiaoqi, Lu Liwen, Du Xuan, Meng Linghao, Yang Guozheng
    Cotton Science. 2023, 35(6): 473-486. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs20230023
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    [Objective] This study aims to screen the suitable nitrogen (N) concentration and investigate its effects on the growth, macronutrients uptake and N use efficiency of cotton at seedling stage. [Methods] HM3097 was used and cultured with nutrient solution for 21 d of six N concentrations with 0, 0.04, 0.4, 1, 4, 8 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2, named N0, N0.04, N0.4, N1, N4, N8, respectively. The root and shoot morphology, biomass, absorption and distribution of macronutrients, photosynthetic capacity, N uptake efficiency (NUpE) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) of cotton seedlings were determined. [Results] With the increase of N concentration, the growth (include root and shoot), biomass, macronutrients accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of cotton seedlings increased first and then decreased, and 4 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2 was the most appropriate N concentration for cotton at seedling stage, at which the cotton growth was the most vigorous. The maximum accumulations of N, P, K, and Ca of cotton seedlings were 34.4 mg, 6.3 mg, 41.6 mg, and 16.5 mg per plant, respectively, with the ratio of 1∶0.2∶1.2∶0.5. NUpE and NUtE were positively correlated with root-shoot ratio, and the change trend were also consistent with the root biomass distribution proportion, root average diameter, and the root macronutrients distribution proportion, which decreased with the increase of N concentration. In the range of 0-4 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2, the contents of N, K, and Ca, leaf biomass and the shoot macronutrients distribution proportion all increased with the increase of N concentration. [Conclusion] 4 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2 was the most appropriate N concentration for cotton at seedling stage, which could significantly promote the absorption of N, P, K, and Ca of cotton seedlings. 1 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2 could increase the root macronutrients distribution proportion, promote root elongation and proliferation, and improve NUpE and NUtE.

  • Li Pengfei, Zheng Yixiang, Gou Changqing, Wu Gang, Wang Lan, Feng Hongzu
    Cotton Science. 2023, 35(6): 487-496. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs20220066
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    [Objective] Alternative application of pesticides is one of the main strategies for pest resistance management. This study aims to select the insecticides against Aphis gossypii as well as safe to the dominant predatory natural enemy Hippodamia variegata in cotton fields in Xinjiang for further utilization. [Methods] The toxicity of five insecticides, a neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid 20% (active ingredient mass fraction) soluble concentrate (SL) as the control, afidopyropen 50 g·L-1 dispersible concentrate (DC), and three compound pesticides, flonicamid thiamethoxam 60% water dispersion granules (WG), flonicamid acetamiprid 35% WG, and spirotetramat buprofezin 39% suspension concentrate(SC), against A. gossypii and H. variegata were evaluated, and their field control effects against A. gossypii were investigated. [Results] The indoor toxicity test results showed that the toxicity of afidopyropen (LC50=11.66 mg·L-1) to A. gossypii was higher than that of the control agent acetamiprid (LC50=46.48 mg·L-1), while the toxicity of flonicamid thiamethoxam, flonicamid acetamiprid, and spirotetramat buprofezin (LC50 > 70 mg·L-1) was lower than that of the control agent. The toxicity of afidopyropen and three compound agents to H. variegata was lower than that of the control agent. The toxicity of afidopyropen, spirotetramat buprofezin, and flonicamid acetamiprid against A. gossypii was obviously higher than H. variegata, and showed a positive selectivity, while flonicamid acetamiprid and flonicamid thiamethoxam had negative selectivity. The field efficacy test showed that the four tested agents had higher control efficiencies than the control agent. The control efficiency of flonicamid thiamethoxam, afidopyropen, spirotetramat buprofezin, flonicamid acetamiprid, and acetamiprid on A. gossypii at 7 d after treatment was 93.41%, 91.22%, 89.43%, 87.90%, and 79.72%, respectively. [Conclusion] afidopyropen 50 g·L-1 DC, flonicamid acetamiprid 35% WG, and spirotetramat buprofezin 39% SC not only had better control effect on A. gossypii than acetamiprid 20% SC, but also had higher safety to H. variegata. It is suggested that afidopyropen, flonicamid acetamiprid and spirotetramat buprofezin can be used alternately in the control of A. gossypii in cotton fields of Xinjiang.

  • Wang Liuyu, Wang Li, Zhu Xiangzhen, Zhang Kaixin, Li Dongyang, Ji Jichao, Cui Jinjie, Ma Weihua
    Cotton Science. 2023, 35(6): 497-508. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs20230024
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    [Objective] This study aims to clarify the sequence structure and expression pattern of two insulin receptor genes in three kinds of winged aphids of Aphis gossypii. [Methods] Based on the whole genome data of A. gossypii, amino acid sequence analysis of two insulin receptor genes (insulin receptor 1, AgInR1; insulin receptor 2, AgInR2) was identified, and phylogenetic analysis of insect InR1 from 17 insects and InR2 from 14 insect was performed. The protein conserved structural domains of insulin receptors were analyzed and motif analysis was conducted using online software. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression patterns of AgInR1 and AgInR2 in wingless female and three kinds of winged aphids at different developmental stages. [Results] The physicochemical analysis showed that AgInR1 and AgInR2 were hydrophilic transmembrane proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that InR1 and InR2 of the analyzed insects were clustered into two distinctive groups. The InR1 and InR2 of Hemiptera Aphididae were clustered together with very high bootstrap values, showed close affinity. Conserved domains and motif analyses showed that conserved domain arrangement of InR1 and InR2 from A. gossypii were relatively similar. Compared with AgInR1, AgInR2 lacked one FN3 domain. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of AgInR1 in the 4th instar and adult stages of the three winged aphids, namely, parthenogenetic wing female, gynoparae, and male was significantly higher than that of parthenogenetic wingless female at the same instar. Meanwhile the expression pattern of AgInR2 in the three kinds of winged aphids was different from that of AgInR1. [Conclusion] AgInR1 might involve in regulating the wing development process in the 4th instar and adult stages of three winged aphids. AgInR2 had a different expression pattern from AgInR1 and might have different biological functions. The study provides theoretical support for further investigation of the role of insulin signaling pathway in wing differentiation of A. gossypii.

  • RESERACH NOTES
  • Zheng Deyou, Zuo Dongyun, Lü Limin, Wang Qiaolian, Cheng Hailiang, Gu Aixing, Song Guoli
    Cotton Science. 2023, 35(6): 509-518. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs20220050
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    [Objective] This research aims to study the effects of the combination of Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 and chemical fungicides on the control of cotton Verticillium wilt, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the control of cotton Verticillium wilt. [Methods] The virulent Verticillium dahliae strain Vd080, a pathogen causing cotton Verticillium wilt was used as the object, and the virulence of 5 fungicides (tebuconazole, fluazinam, prochloraz, mancozeb and chlorothalonil) were determined by growth rate method. The toxicity of NCD-2 to Vd080 was determined by dual-culture method. The fungicides with better compatibility with NCD-2 were selected, and the volume ratio of fungicides and NCD-2 was further determined by Horsfall method. The control effects on cotton Verticillium wilt of different compound treatments were evaluated in the indoor pot experiment. [Results] Among the 5 fungicides, prochloraz had the best inhibitory effect on Vd080, and its median effective concentration (EC50) was 0.027 mg·L-1, followed by tebuconazole and fluazinam. The EC50 of NCD-2 to Vd080 is 2.56 × 107 mL-1(cell concentration). The compatibility of 0.4 mg·L-1 fluazinam with 2.56 × 107 mL-1 NCD-2 was best, reaching 79.19%. The compatibility of 2.0 mg·L-1 fluazinam and 0.02 mg·L-1 prochloraz with 2.56 × 107 mL-1 NCD-2 were 71.29% and 63.20%, respectively. The synergistic effect of 2.56 × 107 mL-1 NCD-2 was the strongest when mixed with 0.4 mg·L-1 fluazinam, 2.0 mg·L-1 fluazinam, and 0.02 mg·L-1 prochloraz at the volume ratios of 3∶7, 9∶1 and 1∶1, respectively, and the inhibitory effect on Vd080 was the best. The indoor pot experiment showed that when 2.56 × 107 mL-1 Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 and 0.02 mg·L-1 prochloraz were mixed at the volume ratio of 1∶1, the disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt was the lowest, the control effect was the best (82.81%), and the synergistic effect was good (synergistic coefficient was 23.46). [Conclusion] The combination of 2.56 × 107 mL-1 Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 and 0.02 mg·L-1 prochloraz at the volume ratio of 1∶1 has a good control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt, and good synergistic effect.