Cotton Science 2005,17(4):232-239
Research and Appraisal of Short Season Upland Cotton Breeding Achievements in China Abstract: Through the analysis on the genealogical records of 198 short seasons upland cotton varieties, indicated that 64.7% of the short season cotton idioplasmic originated from King series, 13.6% from the Deltapine series, 19.8% from the former Soviet Union varieties. Therefore the King series are main gene source to short seasons upland cotton in China . Based on the genotype value of the short season upland cotton varieties: (1) Lint yield of 1990s' varieties came up to 1183.5 kg per hectare, increased by 50.29% compared with varieties of 1950s', 51.44% with the 1960s', 26.6% with the 1970s', and 20.8% with the 1980s'. (2)The increase of lint percentage and boll weight are two main factors for yield. (3)Cotton breeding technology has obtained the extremely vital role to increase the varieties' output in last 50 years, from conventional selection to cross breeding, hybrid breeding, radioactive breeding, spatial technology breeding, biological technology breeding, etc. Specially effective while using biochemistry heredity breeding to solve the problem of short season cotton precocious early ageing, to breed precocious with green leaves, high quality, and multi-resistance. (4) The routes of breeding technology are different between CCRI series varieties and the Liao series varieties. The breeding of Liao series emphasized on reducing vegetative growth, enhancing early maturity, lengthens the boll growing time, increasing the boll weight, and enhancing the output and fiber quality. While CCRI series cotton was used development mature biochemistry heredity breeding technology in 1990's,in the base of reducing the period of all growing stages, and suitably lengthening the preliminary nutrition vegetal period, increasing photosynthesis product accumulation, delaying plant premature senility, increasing later period photosynthesis. Depends on large scale enhancing lint percentage, lint yield was increased. Depends on reducing the procreation period and etc，the early maturity was enhanced. Depends on enhances SOD enzymes and other anti oxidase system, Enhanced the resistance and delay senility, Achieved various characters synthesis coordination enhancement.
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