15 November 2015, Volume 27 Issue 6
    

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  • Song Guicheng, Wang Miaomiao, Chen Quanzhan, Zhang Peitong, Tang Canming
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 495-505. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506001
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    The development of floral organs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is related to squares and yield formation. The germination percentage of pollen grains, the rate of anther dehiscence and the length of filaments and styles of 11 upland cotton cultivars were determined before and after high-temperature periods by pollen grain culture in vitro. We aimed to analyze the effects of high temperature on pollen germination in styles and on stamen characteristics. The number of pollen tubes in styles and cytological structure of anthers were also tested under simulation of high temperatures by paraffin sectioning of cotton anthers. We found that the germination percentage of pollen grains and rate of anthers dehiscence of Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 were greater than those of other cultivars under high field temperatures. There was no significant difference in the length ratio of filaments and styles and filaments length between 11 upland cotton cultivars under high field temperatures. After high-temperature periods in the field, the difference in pollen germination percentage, anther dehiscence, style and filament length between the 11 cultivars was not significant. The number of pollen tubes in Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 was greater than those of other cultivars under the high simulation temperature. The number of deformed pollen grains in anthers was also less than those of other cultivars. These results were consistent with the field conditions. This experiment indicated that germination percentage of pollen grains and the rate of anther dehiscence are useful as indicators for screening high-temperature tolerance. The length ratio of filaments and styles and the filaments length could be used as parameters for screening high-temperature tolerance cultivars.
  • Jiang Pengfei, Lu Cairui, Zou Changsong, Cheng Hailiang, Yang Wencui, Feng Xiaoxu, Zhang Youping, Wang Qiaolian, Song Guoli
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 506-514. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506002
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    The expression changes of transcriptome of tender leaves of Z12/Z12YW were analyzed by RNA-Seq to reveal the molecular mechanism of gland formation. Z12/Z12YW are cotton near-isogenic lines with a common genetic background but contrasting a gland phenotype. A total of 306 differentially expressed genes were uncovered, of which 282 were down-regulated and 24 were up-regulated in the glandless material Z12YW. Gene Ontology functional annotation showed that the cell part, the extracellular matrix part and the cell killing played important roles in the process of gland development. Clustering of Orthologous groups and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that the upstream key genes of the mevalonate pathway had a great influence on the biosynthesis of gossypol and other terpene compounds. In addition, we screened 13 transcription factors with different expression levels, which might display key function in gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis.
  • Li Yue, Xu Pengfei, Chen Quanjia, Dai Peihong, Liu Chao, Qu Yanying, Liu Xiaodong
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 515-523. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506003
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    bZIP transcription factors are important proteins involved in response to abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, a gene encoding bZIP transcription factor was isolated in cotton using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) according to bioinformatic analysis. The gene was named GhbZIP15 (GenBank accession No. KP938299). Sequence analysis showed that the full-length of GhbZIP15 gene was 1980 bp, containing a 966 bp open reading frame which encoded a protein of 321 amino acids with predicted molecular weight of 37.1 kD and an isoelectric point of 7.44. SMART analysis showed that GhbZIP15 contains a typical BRLZ motif (basic region domain and leucine zipper domain) of the B-zip1 family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GhbZIP15 belonged to the AREB subfamily of the bZIP family and was related closely to AtbZIP12, AtABF1 and AtABF2. GhbZIP15 was localized inside the nuclei of transformed onion epidermal cells. RT-PCR analysis indicated that GhbZIP15 gene expression changed with different response to various abiotic stresses (dehydration, high salinity, and low temperature), indicating that it may play important roles in the adaptation to abiotic stresses in cotton.
  • Xiao Songhua, Liu Jianguang, Zhao Jun, Wu Qiaojuan, Yu Jingzhong, Yu Deyue
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 524-533. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506004
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    To create new germplasm lines resistant to Verticillium wilt in upland cotton, 65 distant hybridization germplasm lines (DHGLs) in upland cotton genetic background were cultivated by interspecific hybridization between Gossypium hirsutum and wild species including G. anomalum, G. armourianum, G. aridum, G. raimondii, G. mustelinum, interspecific F1 backcrossing with G. hirsutum for four generations, and selfing for four generations, followed by a conventional breeding program. The results of agronomic trait identification during 2011-2012 indicated that average plant heights of DHGLs were closely similar to commercial cultivars of upland cotton, while average fruit branches, fruit nodes, bolls of DHGLs individual plant were lower than those in commercial cultivars of upland cotton. Average single boll weight and lint percentage of DHGLs were lower than commercial cultivars of upland cotton. Fiber length, strength, fineness and maturity of DHGLs were reasonably collocated. Fiber of most lines was suitable for spinning extra high count yarn, but the main fiber quality indices of commercial cultivars of upland cotton were not well coordinated. Identification of resistance to Verticillium wilt in defoliation disease nursery during 2012-2013 indicated that five DHGLs resistant to Verticillium wilt . Suyuan 040, Suyuan 045 and Suyuan 061 were highly resistant to Verticillium wilt with a disease index of 8.33, 4.35 and 7.79, respectively. Suyuan 030 and Suyuan 034 were resistant to Verticillium wilt with a disease index of 12.35 and 13.70, respectively. The genetic relationship of new germplasm lines resistant to Verticillium wilt were traced and showed that Suyuan 040 and Suyuan 045 were DHGLs of G. raimondii, Suyuan 061 was DHGL of G.mustelinum, Suyuan 030 and Suyuan 034 were DHGLs of G. aridum.

  • Yang Beifang, Han Yingchun, Mao Shuchun, Wang Guoping, Fan Zhengyi, Feng Lu, Du Wenli, Li Yabing
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 534-541. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506005
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    Digital images of cotton canopy growth information, which was determined using the grid sampling method to obtain the parameter Hue of HIS color system in conventional light conditions, were used to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of the canopy image H value and the relationship between the digital image H value and agronomic traits. We used these data to obtain information on cotton growth on June 21, 2014, then analyzed the spatial variation characteristics of cotton growth in the field. We found that the spatial distribution of cotton canopy digital image H value was moderately correlated with space, and the semi-variogram function model was spherical. In addition, we found that there was a logarithmic relationship between the H value and Leaf Area Index(LAI) (R2 = 0.8123), which suggests that the canopy digital image H value is a potentially reliable index to describe cotton growth across a cotton field. These results can provide guidance for improved production methods, and also lay a foundation for collection of field information and rapid detection methods for precision agriculture.
  • Li Pengcheng, Dong Helin, Liu Jingran, Liu Aizhong, Sun Miao, Li Ruyi, Li Yabing, Zhang Siping, Zhao Xinhua, Mao Shuchun
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 542-549. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506006
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    We studied the response of urease activity of soil in cotton field to different long-term urea (amide nitrogen) application (N application rates were 0, 90, 180, 270, 360, 450 kg·hm-2), as well as responses of dehydrogenase and proteinase activity of soil at the harvest stage of cotton. The results showed that urease activity of soil increased with increased urea application rate, and urease activity at 0-20 cm soil depth were close to those at 20-40cm soil depth. In contrast, urease activity of soil greater than 40 cm soil depth decreased with increased soil depth. There was a significant positive correlation between urease activity and total N content, organic matter content, and available N content of soil. Dehydrogenase and proteinase activities increased with increased urea application rate (0-360 kg·hm-2); however, at the urea application rate of 450 kg·hm-2, dehydrogenase and proteinase activities declined. When the urea application rate was 270-360 kg ·hm-2, urease, dehydrogenase and proteinase activities were much higher than those of the urea application rate less than 270 kg ·hm-2, and there was no significant effect on urease, dehydrogenase and proteinase activities when urea application rate was 270-360 kg·hm-2 in the cotton field.
  • Guo Lixue, Shi Yuzhen, Li Junwen, Gong Juwu, Liu Aiying, Shang Haihong, Gong Wankui, Chen Tingting, Ge Qun, Sun Jie, Yuan Youlu
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 550-560. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506007
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    In this study, F2 populations from two chromosome segment substitution lines MBI7455 and MBI7358, were quantified using SSR to evaluate the parents' genotype and detect QTL related to fiber quality plus yield traits of cotton. Results show that the recurrent parent (CCRI45) hosted 96.70% and 95.60% of chromosome segment substitution in MBI7455 with 12 chromosome segments and in MBI7358 with 16 chromosome substitution segments of Gossypium barbadense, respectively. In the F2 population, the average rate of chromosome substitution of the recurrent parent (CCRI45) was 96.44%, and the average segments of chromosome substitution of Gossypium barbadense was 13.42, with an average segments of homozygous donor chromosome value of 3.90. Analysis showed 19 fiber quality-related QTL with a phenotypic variance of between 2.52%-13.11% and seven yield traits-related QTL with a range of 2.93%-11.40% phenotypic variance, resulting in a total of 26 QTL. The CSSLs could be used to detect QTL for fiber yield and quality traits, which offer an important foundation for the cotton molecular-assisted breeding.
  • Lu Zhihui, Yan Jun, Xin Wenhui, Xu Xiaojian, Zhu Shuijin, Chen Jinhong
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 561-569. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506008
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    Cottonseed meal is an important plant protein resource of feed industry and breeding industry, although it contains many antinutritional factors. Phytic acid, as one of the mainly antinutritional factor, cannot be digested easily by monogastric animals, such as fowls and pigs, consequently results in the decreased bio-availability of material elements and leads to the environment pollution by the phytate in excreta. Thus far, study of breeding cottons containing low phytic acid gradually becomes the hotspot, and the method of fully extracting phytic acid from cotton seeds and precise measurement is becoming more and more important and necessary. A new method for the rapid extraction and determination of phytic acid in cottonseed kernels by ion chromatography was developed in this study. After the diethyl ether treatment of dry cottonseed kernel powder, the samples were suspended in 10ml 0.66 mol·L-1 HCl and boiled for 1 hour. Then the samples were shaken at 4 ℃ for 12 hours and centrifuged. The supernatant was diluted and purified for loading. To analyze the sample, DIONEX ICS-2000 ion chromatography, AG11-HC Guard (4 mm×50 mm) protection column and AG11-HC Guard (4 mm×250 mm) separation column were used in controlled conditions (washing buffer: 30.0 mmol·L-1 KOH; ream speed: 1.0 mL·min-1; collecting time: 25 min; 75 mA current; temperature: 30 ℃; loading amount: 20 μL). The results showed that R2 of linear regression is 0.999, which means the regression relation is great. In addition, the standard deviations of all the indexes are within 5% and the average recovery rate is 98.64%-102.31%. The detection limit, showing the minimum detectable concentration of analyte in the sample, is 0.059 μg·mL-1, and the quantitation limit, showing the minimum amount of analyte in a sample can be quantitatively determined, is 0.196 μg·mL-1. This method is easy and accurate with great reproducibility, showing a strong application value. 
  • Cai Xiaoyan, Liu Fang, Zhou Zhongli, Wang Xingxing, Wang Chunying, Wang Yuhong, Wang Kunbo
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 570-575. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506009
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    The distribution of chloroplast microsatellites in the chloroplast complete sequence of Gossypium hirsutum was analyzed with bioinformatics software. The results showed that the chloroplast microsatellites of G. hirsutum were mainly distributed in the large single-copy region and the small single-copy region, and most microsatellites were complete repeats. Mononucleotide repeat motifs, dinucleotide repeat motifs and trinucleotide repeat motifs accounted for 76.4%, 20.8% and 2.8% of the total, respectively. Repeats A and T were the main base in the mononucleotide motif, accounting for 92.7% of the total. The most common repeat number of (A)n and (T)n was 10 and 11, respectively, and the repeat number of the dinucleotide repeat motif was 5 or 6. These results are available for use in developing general primers from chloroplast DNA in Gossypium.
  • Yang Shenqiang
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 576-582. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506010
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    The objectives of the present study were to assess the antifungal effect of dill seed essential oil (EO) against V. dahliae and describe its mechanism of action. The microbroth dilution method was used at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the dry mycelium weight and spore germination of the tested V. dahliae were also determined in a liquid culture to evaluate the anti-V. dahliae activity in vitro. The results showed EO was active against V. dahliae and MIC was 0.625 μL·mL-1. Mycelial growth, mycelium weight and spore germination were inhibited by the EO in a dose-dependent manner. The results show that upon treatment of cells with EO, propidium iodide penetrated V. dahliae through a lesion in its plasma membrane. Thus, our results demonstrated that EO could be a potential source of plant-derived fungicides to control V. dahliae.
  • Jiang Weili, Ma Xiaoyan, Ren Xiangliang, Peng Jun, Ma Yajie, Ma Yan
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 583-588. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506011
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    We analyzed the effects of glyphosate to the index of salinization and alkalization by simulation in soils collected from cotton fields in Anyang, Henan and Anqing, Anhui, China, in 2014. The results showed that application of glyphosate changed electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH of soil in both regions,compared with the blank control. With increased frequency of glyphosate application and increased concentration applied, all indices increased in the Anqing cotton fields soil which were treated with concentrations of 2.5-20 g·L-1 . However, EC, TAL and ESP increased dynamically in Anyang soil to which high concentrations of 20 g·L-1 were applied only four consecutive times. After different glyphosate treatments, the soil pH value showed an upward trend but smaller changes. Therefore, after repeated use of glyphosate to soils of two different region soils, although the changes of all indices were within the range of non-saline and non-sodic soils, the soils affected by salt in the glyphosate aqueous solution tended towards saline-sodic soils.  
  • Li Fangzhou, Xin Huihui, Zhou Guangwei, Li Zhe, Hou Zhen'an, Ye Jun
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 589-594. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506012
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    The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the different concentrations of the seed film coating salicylic acid on the cold tolerance of cotton seedlings using the sand culture method. The physiological response of cell membrane permeability, protective enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment of cotton seedling were measured before and after at low temperature stress and at normal temperature. The results showed that 1-10 mmol·L-1 of seed film coating with salicylic acid seed coating treatment could effectively alleviate damage to cotton seedlings at low temperature, and the accumulation of the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde were reduced on cotton seedlings. The activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline contents increased sharply. These results indicate that film coating with salicylic acid can alleviate the effects of low temperature stress on seedling growth inhibition and improve the cotton seedlings by providing chilling tolerance, and the optimum treatment concentration salicylic acid is 5 mmol·L-1.
  • Huang Ting, Ni Jieqiang, Xu wenxia, Zhai Yong, Ye Jun, Hou Zhen’an
    Cotton Science. 2015, 27(6): 595-600. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201506013
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    The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biochar addition on the soil N balance and cotton yield in a drip-irrigated cotton field. The experiment included four soil amendments: control, cotton straw biochar, corn cob biochar, and poultry manure biochar. The biochar was applied at a rate of 4.5 t·hm-2 except control. The results showed that all three types of biochar significantly reduced both the apparent soil N loss and the N surplus. The effect of cotton straw biochar treatment was most significant, relative to the control. Plant nitrogen uptake differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order cotton straw biochar > poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar. Cotton yield also differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar, and cotton straw biochar.