15 January 2012, Volume 24 Issue 1
    

  • Select all
    |
  • ZHANG Chao-Jun, WANG Ye, WANG Yu-Fen, LI Feng-Lian, LI Fu-Guang
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 3-9.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Two high embryogenic callus-producing lines (W10 and W12) of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were selected by petiole callus culture from a commercial cotton cultivar CCRI 24. Five generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, and F 2:3) of two crosses (W10 × TM-1 and W12 × CCRI 12) were used as genetic populations. Using the model of the major gene plus polygene of quantitative traits, a joint analysis of five generations from the cross of two high embryogenic callus-producing lines was carried out to investigate the inheritance of the embryogenesis callus induction ratio. The inheritance of this ratio was controlled by two additive, dominant, epistatic major genes plus an additive, dominant polygene (E-1 model). Both the additive effects and the dominance effects of the two major genes were important. Heritabilities of the major genes were estimated to be 83.22% and 74.68% in F2. Heritabilities of the polygenes were estimated to be 10.47% and 16.78% in F2
  • NUSIRAT Osman, YU Shu-Xun, FAN Shu-Li, MEI Yong-Jun, YUAN Ri-Hong
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 10-17.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    We investigated the effects of the genetic contribution of mechanical harvesting traits to lint yield in upland cotton (Gossypum hirsutum L.) , in Alar and Shihezi, Xinjiang, China. We analyzed the data for lint yield per plant, five mechanical harvesting traits for eight parents and F1 and F2 hybrids, at two locations, using a genetic model with additive, dominant, additive × additive epistatic effects (the ADAA model). There were phenotypic contributions to lint yield from five mechanical harvesting traits (contribution ratios ranged from -20% to -14%). The height of first fruit branch had the greatest contribution to lint yield (CRD=10%), followed by internode length (CRD=8%), while there was greater restraining effect from yield percentage at pre-frost to dominance effect of lint yield (CRD=-25%). The largest ADAA effect on lint yield from yield percentage at pre-frost was 86%, followed by internode length of the first branch (CRAA=24%). Yield percentage at pre-frost had very high positive dominance contribution ratios (CRDE=78%) and an additive × additive epistatic restraining effect on lint yield in certain environments. Different parents had different dominance and additive × additive epistatic contributions depending on the particular mechanical harvest trait. The five mechanical harvesting traits had little contribution to lint yield, and yield percentage at pre-frost had different contributions (positive or negative) at two locations. There also existed a larger contribution to lint yield than the other four mechanical harvesting traits. The additive × additive epistatic effect was very important for lint yield, while yield percentage at pre-frost was mainly a selection trait for them. In special environments, there were different mechanical harvesting selection traits for the additive × additive epistatic effect of lint yield in different crosses.
  • WANG Dong-Mei, LI Hai-Qiang, DING Rui-Feng, WANG Fei, LI Hao-Bin, XU Yao, AHTAM Uwayis, LIU Jian
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 18-26.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To study the spatial and temporal expression of Bt insecticidal protein in transgenic Bt cotton planted in northern Xinjiang Province, Bt insecticidal protein levels in four transgenic Bt cotton varieties (CCRI 43, GK62, GK19, sGK321), were quantitatively tested and compared during different developmental periods in 2009 and 2010, using the ELISA method. Trends in the spatio-temporal expression of Bt insecticidal protein were basically consistent between 2009 and 2010, although the expression amount was different, and some varieties had significant differentiation. Bt insecticidal protein levels varied with organs and developmental periods. The Bt insecticidal protein content gradually decreased with cotton development. The Bt insecticidal protein content of the cotyledon was the highest, and levels in the tender leaves during the cotyledon period, the three-leaf period, and the seven-leaf period were higher than those in the tender leaves, squares, petals and young bolls during the squaring period, flowering period, bolling period, respectivesly. Bt insecticidal protein levels in squares during the squaring period were higher than those in the flowering period and bolling period, and the levels in petals during the flowering period were higher than those during the bolling period. In the squaring period, the tender leaves had more Bt insecticidal protein than the squares; but in the flowering period, the squares had more Bt insecticidal protein than the tender leaves or the petals. In the bolling period, Bt insecticidal protein levels in tender leaves and squares were higher than those in petals and young bolls. The expression level of Bt insecticidal protein in transgenic Bt cotton can thus be influenced by the kind of organ, the developmental period, variety, and planting season.
  • HAN Ji-Chun, CUI Hai-Feng, SHI Peng-Tao, ZHU Shui-Jin, YE Zi-Hong, YU Xiao-Ping
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 27-34.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    We have developed a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method to analyze the proteomics of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. leaves. We investigated and compared five processes for the extraction of total proteins from cotton leaves. Two different ranges of a linear immobilized pH gradient(IPG), four different sample loading, reductant gradients and carrier ampholytes in IPG buffer solution were compared. A high purity of cotton protein was extracted by TCA-acetone precipitation, and by cleaning the protein sample with solvent methanol or acetone. The parameters for obtaining a high resolution of cotton 2-D electrophoresis maps were optimized as follows: 24 cm strip with linear(IPG) in pH 5-8, 300 μg sample loading, Tributyl phosphate(TBP) substituting for DL-Dithiothreitol(DTT) in the IPG buffer, and a combination of two carrier ampholytes in the pH range of 5-8 and 3-10, with a volume ratio of 1∶1. This optimal 2-D electrophoresis system gave a higher resolution, protein yield, and spot intensity in 2-D electrophoresis analysis.
  • WANG Zi-Sheng, WU Xiao-Dong, GUO Wen-Qi, XU Min, NA Yan-Bin-, ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Zhi-Guo
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 35-43.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    We investigated the effects of planting density on biomass and nitrogen accumulation of cotton, and the relationships with yield and fiber quality. A field experiment was conducted using cotton cultivars Liaomian 19 and NuCTON 33B in Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province (latitude 41°26'N, longitude 123°14'E), in 2007 and 2008. The general pattern of cotton biomass and nitrogen accumulation followed a logistic curve; planting density was able to change biomass and nitrogen accumulation, and subsequently influence yield and fiber quality. The beginning and end of the high speed accumulation stage for nitrogen was about 10 days earlier than that for biomass; indicating that nitrogen and biomass are not synchronously accumulated. Fiber yield and quality were highest at a planting density of 9.75 × 104 plants·hm-2 for both cultivars. This density also gave the highest speed of accumulation of cotton dry matter and nitrogen, the longest duration of acceleration period, and the highest yield. A reduction in fiber yield would be caused by planting with excessive density.
  • FENG Guo-Yi, YAO Yan-Di, DU Ming-Wei, TIAN Jing-Shan, LUO Hong-Hai, ZHANG Ya-Li, ZHANG Wang-Feng
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 44-51.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To investigate the effects of different concentrations of dimethyl piperidinium chloride (DPC) on canopy architecture and photosynthesis in two hybrid cotton varieties, we conducted an experiment with two levels of growth regulator compare with two traditional varieties. With mild growth regulator and in cotton hybrids Biaoza A1 and Shiza 2, we observed a significant increase in internode length above the sixth internode which is the starting point of the canopy, a higher and slower decline in leaf area index, larger leaf angle, greater light interception, larger diffuse non-interceptance, and a higher canopy photosynthetic rate with longer duration. This meant that photosynthetic accumulation and yield increased significantly. In Xinluzao 13 and Xinluzao 36 the internode length above the sixth internode changed slightly, while the peak in leaf area was index higher, the diffuse non-interceptance was greater, leaf area index declined quickly and less light was intercepted, the group photosynthetic capability was significantly weakened, and the yield consequently decreased. The traditional growth regulator resulted in the deterioration of hybrid cottons' canopy structure, fall of the group photosynthetic capacity and yields. It showed that the mild growth regulator thus contributed to improve the efficiency of hybrid cottons' canopy structure and photosynthetic capability, and was thus beneficial for improved growth and cotton yield.
  • WANG Xue-Jiao, PAN Xue-Biao, CHEN Chao, LONG Bu-Ju
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 52-61.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Forecasting cotton chilling damage in Xinjiang Province, China, helps to defend against damage and mitigate its influence. Cotton growth in Shihezi, Xinjiang Province, 1961 to 2005, and in Kashi, Xinjiang Province, 1961 to 2009, was simulated using the cotton growth model COSIM. Statistical methods were applied to analyze the simulation. Boll opening date and cotton biomass on July 1st, August 1st, and September 1st were positively linearly correlated with cotton chilling damage. Priority degree evaluation of chilling damage indexes were carried out based on the ratio of correct forecasts, the ratio of missing forecasts, and the ratio of wrong forecasts. Evaluation indicated that the boll opening date, the growth index on July 1st, the proportion of leaf weight on August 1st in total dry weight, and the weight of reproductive organs on September 1st could be used as indexes for cotton chilling damage forecasting in Xinjiang Province.
  • JIA Pei-Song, DING Li-Li, ZHOU Bang-Jun, GUO Hui-Shan, GAO Feng
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 62-70.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    We constructed a mutant library by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), containing 15000 mutants from a virulent defoliating V. dahliae Kleb. V592 isolated from cotton originating from Xinjiang Province, China. The biological characteristics, pathogenicity, and T-DNA insertion of some mutants were analyzed. (1) Mutant phenotypes were divided into four groups according to colonial phenotype, number of sclerotium, such as sclerotium type, intermediate type, hyphal type and velum type, which accounted for 92.12%, 4.54%, 3.19%, and 0.15%. (2) The sporulation abilities of sclerotial type mutants were generally stronger than that of intermediate and hyphal type mutants, while growth speed and spore size showed no distinct differences from the wild-type V592. (3) The pathogenicity of sclerotial type mutants was generally stronger than of intermediate and hyphal type mutants. (4) Southern blot analysis indicated that T-DNAs were inserted randomly into the V. dahliae genome, and about 70.99% of the 131 transformants were single copy. This indicates that Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation could be used to create mutagenesis in Verticillium dahliae, and the mutant phenotype influences pathogenicity, sporulation, and T-DNA insertion.
  • ZHOU  Yi, YANG Ting-Xian, WANG Bin-Xian, SUN Zheng-Xiang
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 71-77.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To control cotton wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb, we collected endophytic antagonistic microorganisms during different growth stages and assayed the combined effects. One strain with strong activity against V. dahliae was isolated from cotton seedlings. This strain was preliminarily identified as Paenibacillus xylanilyticus YUPP-1 by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. This strain was able to successfully colonize cotton roots when it was at concentrations of more than 1×106 cfu per cotton seedling. A pot experiment of the effect of Paenibacillus xylanilyticus YUPP-1 on cotton Verticillium wilt showed the following: in comparison with a control with an infection rate of 96%, only 8%, 5%, and 2% infection rate was observed for the treatments with strain YUPP-1, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 cfu per cotton seedling, respectively. Field tests indicated that control of this disease could be achieved when strain YUPP-1 reached 1 × 108 cfu per cotton seedling. We have thus demonstrated that P. xylanilyticus YUPP-1 is an effective endophytic biocontrol agent for Verticillium wilt.
  • XUE Lei, XUE Quan-Hong, ZHAO Juan, SHEN Guang-Hui, TANG Ming, LU Jian-Jun
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 78-84.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    We investigated the antifungal mechanism of antagonistic Streptomyces on Verticillium dahliae Kleb, using pathogenic mycelium as the sole carbon source. The inducing effects of V. dahliae on extracellular proteases and antifungal active substance synthesis were examined in four tested Streptomyces isolates in liquid cultures. V. dahliae induced Streptomyces synthesis of extracellular protease and active antifungal substances, whereas an associated culture filtrate induced disintegration of V. dahliae mycelium. Optimal fermentation conditions for extracellular proteases synthesized by isolate Z13 involved addition of 10 g·L-1 of fungal mycelium at 28 ℃ for 7 d. The highest extracellular protease activity of this isolate was 4.24 U. With the addition of 20 g·L-1 of fungal mycelium, V. dahliae was 95.7% inhibited by a 5-fold dilution of a culture filtrate of isolate B49.
  • FAN Qiao-Lan, CHEN Geng, LI Yong-Shan, ZHANG Dong-Mei, CHAI Yong-Feng, LI Yan-E
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 85-90.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    We evaluated the effects of transgenic Bt cotton biomass on soil microbial communities using soil incubation and phospholipid fatty acid(PFLA) analysis. We used three transgenic Bt cotton lines(Jinmian 26, Jinmian 44, and CCRI 41) and their isogenic non-Bt cotton lines (Jinmian 7, Jihe 492, and CCRI 23). Different plant biomasses (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g ) were mixed with 200 g of soil for each line, and incubated at 28 ℃ for 45 days. The total concentration of PLFAs significantly increased with increasing cotton biomass, and the microbial community was characterized by a predominance of fungi in the soil amended with cotton biomass in comparison with the control(soil without cotton biomass). In contrast, the microbial community was characterized by a predominance of bacteria and actinomycetes in the control soil. Differences between Bt-cotton and non-Bt soils depended on cotton lines and cotton biomass in the soil.
  • MA Xiao-Yan, MA Yan, XI Jian-Ping, JIANG Wei-Li, MA Ya-Jie, LI Xi-Feng
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(1): 91-96.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to understand the degree of damage caused by mixed weeds, and the critical control period, a field experiment was conducted to investigate weed occurrence and the critical period of competition in a directly seeded cotton field in North Henan Province. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaerth, Portulaca oleracea L., Chenopodium aldum L., and Eclipta prostrata L. were dominant weed species in the cotton field over the whole growing season. Weeds germinated mainly between the seedling stage and the budding stage of the cotton, with three peaks in weed seedling emergence in mid-May, early to mid-June, and mid to late July. Duration of weed competition less than four weeks did not significantly affect cotton growth and yield because soil nutrients were sufficient for both weed and cotton seedlings. However, the number of cotton plants, stem diameter, and yield component factors including boll number per plant and boll weight, were reduced when weed competition lasted up to 8 weeks. Therefore, the critical period for weed control in cotton was between 4 and 8 weeks after cotton emergence, and effective weed control measures should be implemented to minimize cotton losses