15 July 2010, Volume 22 Issue 4
    

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  • SONG Jun-Qiao, SUN Pei-Jun, ZHANG  Xia, ZHANG Xian-Long, NIE Yi-Chun, GUO Xiao-Ping, ZHU Long-Fu
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 291-296. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100401
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    A total of 61cultivars from two main cotton cultivated species (Gossypium hirsutum L., and Gossypium barbadense L.) were employed to investigate the content of cottonseed oil. Apparently difference was found between the two species in content of cottonseed oil with average content of 30.42% and 37.25% in upland cotton and sea-island cotton, respectively. The cottonseed oil contents varied widely from 25.27% to 35.42% in cultivars from upland cotton compared with 34.77% to 38.87% in cultivars from sea-island cotton. Meanwhile, ‘Pima90-53’, a sea-island cotton cultivar, ‘Xu142’ and  ‘T586’, two upland cotton cultivars, were selected to study the development of oil in contents and ingredients during the development of seed. The results showed the content of oil increased coupled with the development of seed, and arrived the content peak when the seed matured. The major ingredients of fatty acid included palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid by means of gas chomatography. Among them, linoleic acid could be up to 50%. The content of linoleic acid decreased during the development of seed, while opposite result was found in palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. Therefore, the content of cottonseed oil could be improved potentially based on the great variation in content of cottonseed oil among the upland cotton cultivars and between the two main cultivated cotton species.
  • ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Shuai, CUI Jin-Jie
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 297-303. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100402
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    In 2007 to 2009, we used genetic method of isofemale lines F1/F2 to detect the frequency of Bt resistance genes in Helicoverpa armigera populations which collected from Anyang County, Henan Province, Weixian County, Hebei Province and Wucheng County, Shandong Province. A conservative estimation was carried out and showed that the resistance gene frequencies to Cry1Ac in Anyang County population were 0, 0.00090 and 0.00103 in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. While in Wucheng County population, the resistance gene frequencies were 0.00086, 0.00097 and 0.00052 in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. In Weixian County population we didn't detect resistance genes in 2007, 2008 or 2009. In Anyang County population, the relative average development rate (RADR) of cotton bollworm larvae in F1 test has increased significantly year by year. In Weixian County population, the RADR in F1 test has no significant change. In Wucheng County population, the RADR in F1 test showed an obvious induced tendency. In general, the field populations of H. armigera in Northern China have not evolved prominent resistance to Cry1Ac, and their resistance frequency to Cry1Ac is at a normal level. But the tolerance of Helicoverpa armigera to Cry1Ac toxin tended to increase, and the early resistance detection and alarm system should be initiated in China as early as possible.
  • DONG Na, LI Cheng-Qi, WANG Qing-Lian, AI Ni-Jiang, HU Gen-Hai, ZHANG Jin-Bao
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 304-311. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100403
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    Major gene-polygene mixed inheritance model was generated to analyze the genetics of earliness and its related traits of short-season cotton by using six generations including earliness variety Baimian 2 (P2) and genetic standard line TM-1 (P1) in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and their F1, B1, B2, and F2 grown in the Yellow River Valley Region (Xinxiang, Henan, Environment Ⅰ) and Northwest Inland Region (Shihezi, Xinjiang, Environment Ⅱ), respectively. The results indicated that major genes were always detected under two environments in all traits except flower and boll period as well as lint percentage. Under two environments, optimum genetic models of growth period were identical, and the tendencies of their major gene heritability proportion were also consistent as well as that of polygene. Although optimum genetic models of fruit branch beginning site and boll weight under two environments were identical, the tendencies of their major gene heritability proportion were opposite as well as that of polygene. Optimum genetic models of seedling period, bud period, flower and boll period, lint percentage and height of fruit branch beginning site were all different under two environments. Under two environments, total heritability tendencies of growth period, seedling period, bud period, height of fruit branch beginning site and fruit branch beginning site were more stable than other traits, in which total heritability of growth period was always the highest of all, indicating selection was efficient in early generations under different ecological environments, height of fruit branch beginning site and fruit branch beginning site might be considered as credible morphological indices to identify earliness of short-season cotton. Under two environments, growth period, bud period and height of fruit branch beginning site were all mainly controlled by major gene; seedling period, flower and boll period, fruit branch beginning site and lint percentage were all mainly controlledby major gene and polygene, respectively; boll weight was mainly controlled by polygene and major gene, respectively. To improve breeding efficiency, single cross recombination or simple backcross should be adopted for the traits mainly controlled by major gene, while polymerization backcross or recurrent selection to cumulate positive alleles should be adopted for the traits mainly controlled by polygene.
  • Article
  • PENG  Zhen, SONG Mei-Zhen, YU Shu-Xun, FAN Shu-Li, YU Ji-Wen, FENG Li-Na, GONG Wen-Fang
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 312-318. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100404
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    Dry seeds of ten cotton varieties were carried by the Shijian-8 satellite for space mutation treatment. The SP1 and SP2 offspring of cotton varieties were used to screen mutants and analyze DNA molecular polymorphism and investigate the agronomic traits. The aim was to study sensitivity of cotton varieties under space mutation. The results showed that seven susceptive varieties were confirmed and expressed high polymorphism and changed significantly on the agronomic traits. These results indicated that the outer space mutation would be an effective method to develop new cotton varieties.
  • SUN Fu-Ding, LI Jun-Wen, LIU Ai-Ying, SHI Yu-Zhen, WANG  Tao, ZHANG Jian-Hong, WANG Shu-Fang, YUAN You-Lu
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 319-325. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100405
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    A RIL population with 196 F6:8 lines was developed from an F2 population of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cross of sGK9708×0-153. sGK9708 is the commercial transgenic variety with Bt+CpTI genes resistant to budworm, and 0-153 with high fiber quality. The RIL population were normally distributed for fiber quality and yield related traits and the range of distribution exceeded the two parents. Analysis of genetic variability indicated that the effects of the genotypes and environments were significant for the fiber quality and yield related traits. With the exception of fiber elongation, heritability estimated for fiber quality and yield related traits measured in the RIL population were high with above 0.75. Six lines could be considered as excellent germplasm with high fiber quality. A number of phenotypic correlations were observed among the fiber quality and yield related traits of the RIL population, some lines may be with positive correlation between fiber quality and yield traits.  The different genetic units for the RIL population were indicated by analysis of cluster. This RIL population will be the good materials for the basic research related to fiber quality.
  • CHEN Xi-Yuan, ZHU Miao-Liang, CHEN Jin-Xiang
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 326-332. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100406
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    Field investigation was conducted in Huarong County, Anxiang County, Datonghu District and Li County of Hunan Province from 2004 to 2005 to analyze the characteristic of yield constitution and the percentage of total seed-cotton yield by fruiting branch according to different types of growth and development of transgenic hybrid cotton. The different growth and development types were studied and classified into normal type, early-development and early-aging, early-development and early-maturing, late-development and late-maturing, two phase-growth. Six simulation models of percentage of total yield by fruiting branch corresponding to the different growth type were developed. Six simulation models were exponential-decrease, positive-skewness, negative-skewness, normal-distribution, double-peak and fluctuation-distribution, respectively. Test plots were conducted to study different growth and development types in the four counties and Hunan Agricultural University from 2006 to 2009. Models were validated by the data collected from test plots in different survey sites in different years. Models matched the different growth and development types well, and the simulated values agreed well with the observed values.The result showed that the model was accurate and applicable under different conditions, with the root mean square errors ( RMSE) between simulated and observed values of the six simulation models varied from 0.3419 to 0.7092.
  • SANG  Qian, YUAN Hong-Xia, WANG Zhen-Yue, LI Hong-Lian, WANG  Min
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 333-338. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100407
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    In order to research pathogenicity differentiation of Verticillium dahliae on cotton in Henan, 33 Verticillium dahliae isolates were isolated and identified from the main cotton-producing regions in Henan Province. The results of pathogenicity tests on cotton seedings indicated that the V. dahliae isolates from cotton in Henan could be divided into three pathotypes: the highly aggressive isolates, the moderate aggressive ones and the weakly aggressive ones, accounting for 48.5%, 21.2% and 30.3%, respectively. The results also showed that the pathogenicity of isolates had no significant difference among different regions, but the pathogenicity of isolates from the same region showed significant difference. The wilting capability of the crude toxin secreted by V. dahliae isolates were also tested, the results showed that the crude toxin of different isolates had different wilting capability; the crude toxin secreted by the highly aggressive isolates had strong wilting capability. The average wilt index of the highly aggressive isolates, moderate aggressive ones and weakly aggressive ones at 72 h were 63.82, 52.38 and 45.83 respectively at the same concentration. The crude protein contents secreted by different isolates were also tested by the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 method. The crude protein contents of different isolates of V. dahliae had a significant positive correlation with the pathogenicity index. Highly aggressive isolates secreted more proteins than the weakly aggressive ones.
  • WANG Hai-Jiang, CUI  Jing, CHEN  Yan, Lü Xin
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 339-346. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100408
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    The objective of this research was to define management zones of oasis cotton field in Xinjiang Province. The variables of organic matter, available N, available P and available K data determined in 100 top soil (0~30 cm) samples were selected as data sources. The results indicated that the whole field was divided into four optimum management zones, the average confusion index was 0.23 in all management zones and the spatial distribution of membership grades was unambiguous. It showed that variation coefficient of soil nutrients decreased in every management zone than total field and differed significantly. It is recommended that the method of spatial prediction based on the fuzzy set theory could achieve a zoning result, it can be used for fertilizer recommendation and scientific direction to manage soil nutrient.
  • LI Ling-Li, FANG Wei-Ping, XIE De-Yi, MA Zong-Bin, DU Yuan-Fang, ZHANG Dong-Lin
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 347-353. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100409
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    Nitrogen application rates of 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 and 375 kg ·hm-2 on dry matter accumulation and distribution as well as the N, P, K uptake and utilization of hybrid cotton were studied under high yield conditions. The results showed that the nitrogen utilization and dry matter content were significantly positive correlated with N, P, K accumulation. The nitrogen can improve the dry matter and N, P, K accumulation. But the effect that applying nitrogen was no longer significant when the nitrogen application rate increased to 300 kg·hm-2. The analysis of nitrogen content on dry matter accumulation of different organs indicated that nitrogen content was positive correlated with leaves and negative correlated with stems in the middle stage of cotton growth periods and positive correlated with stems in the latter growth stage. The nitrogen content was positively correlated with cotton bud and flower in the middle growth stage while negative in the latter growth stage. When the nitrogen application rate increased to 300 kg·hm-2, nitrogen decreased the proportion of N, P, K and dry matter distributed to reproductive organs and increased the proportion of leaves and stems. The vegetative growth of the hybrid cotton was excessively vigorous. In this experiment, applying the nitrogen of 300 kg·hm-2 had the highest seed cotton yield which was 1.66% higher than the nitrogen of 225 kg·hm-2, but there was no significant difference. When nitrogen rate increased to 375 kg·hm-2, the seed cotton yield decreased by 2.23% and 3.92% compared with N 300 kg·hm-2 and 225 kg·hm-2, respectively. The nitrogen utilization decreased distinctly while the phosphorus and potassium utilization increased with the more nitrogen fertilizer added.
  • ZHU Jian-Fen, ZHANG Yong-Jiang, SUN Chuan-Fan, LIU Lian-Tao, SUN Hong-Chun, LI Cun-Dong
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 354-359. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100410
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    Physiological effects of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on cotton functional leaves were studied by using the material of SCRC 28. Four treatments were conducted with N2K2, N2K1, N1K2 and N0K0. The results indicated that fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, ФPSⅡ and qP of the functional leaves showed “V”-shaped changing trend of high-low-high in a day at boll forming stage, typically the ФPSⅡ. The value of each fluorescence parameter under N2K1 treatment was generally the highest, while the lowest under N0K0 treatment. Chlorophyll content under N2K2, N1K2 and N2K1 treatments increased by 38.0%, 24.0% and 20.7% than of N0K0  at the boll forming stage. In addition, the soluble protein content and SOD activity of functional leaves were lowest under N0K0 treatment at middle and later stages, while the MDA and ABA contents were the highest. It can be concluded that maintaining a certain level of nitrogen and potassium nutrition is helpful to improve physiological performance of functional leaves and delay in senescence.
  • XUE  Yan, ZHANG Xin-Yu, SHA  Hong, LI Xue-Yuan, SUN  Jie, LI Bao-Cheng
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 360-366. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100411
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    The research on 42 earliness cultivars planted in Xinjiang was conducted, using SSR molecular markers. Among 2300 pairs of primers, 52 pairs with steady polymorphism were selected. Three to 24 polymorphic loci were detected by each pair of primers. There were 506 polymorphic fragments detected in total. The average number of polymorphic fragments detected were 9.7 per pair of primers. The band size ranged from 100 to 2000 bp. The 52 SSR fingerprint maps were combined and analyzed comprehensively, it turned out to be that all the cotton cultivars could be identified by two primer pairs. The results indicated that the SSR markers can help to construct fingerprint map with high efficiency and accuracy rapidly, and it is feasible and effective to identify cotton cultivars with SSR molecular markers. This study will lay a solid foundation for rapid authentication and quality control of cotton seeds with large sample size.
  • FAN Jun-Hua, LIU  Ming, ZHANG Jian-Hua, HE Jiang-Zhou
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 367-371. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100412
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    Explorie and assess the relationship between soil enzymatic activities and soil nutrients to screen several biological attributes in soil quality indication. cotton field soil in south Xinjiang was used as tested samples, soil enzymatic acitivites as well as soil nutrients were determined. Correlation analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis were employed for data processing. Significant correlations were found within soil enzymes and soil nutrients as well as the interaction of soil enzymes and soil nutrients. Total N and organic matters contents were the most important factors determining soil enzymatic activities, which discovered by path analysis. Soil enzymatic is a crucial component in soil fertility and quality. Conclusion catalase, acidic invertase and alkaline phosphatase can be used as applicable biological indicators in the assessment of cotton soil fertility.
  • Ma-Xiao-Yan, MA  Yan, PENG  Jun, XI Jian-Ping, MA Ya-Jie, LI Xi-Feng
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 372-380. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100413
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    The recent development and current status of research on the cotton weed in China were summarized, including the weed occurrence, distribution rule, population dynamics, weed damage and control techniques. Although the research on basic theory and chemical management technologies of cotton weed in China has got a faster development, problems of frequent herbicide injury, dominant weed population changes, lag in control techniques and deficiencies of transgenic resistant herbicide cotton still exit. Therefore, the study on basic theory should be strengthened. On the basis of chemical control, we should speed up the creation of novel chemical herbicide, strengthen the monitoring and management of herbicide resistant weeds, and carry out further research on biological weed control and herbicide resistant cotton.
  • ZHANG Hui-Jie, DUAN Guo-Qi, ZHANG Zhan-Bei, WANG Jiao-Juan
    Cotton Science. 2010, 22(4): 381-384. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs100414
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    Cotton red leaf is a kind of physiological premature senescence phenomenon in cotton, which occurred in most of cotton plant countries in the world. In history, there were many hypotheses put forward on its causes, such as: 1. insect damage hypothesis; 2. infectious disease hypothesis; 3. hypothesis of imbalanced minerals; 4. improper soil, climate and farming condition hypothesis. With the development of research, the first two hypotheses were denied. The third hypothesis have wide contents, it can hardly give a satisfied answer to the disease cause. The fourth hypothesis played a dominate role for a long time, so people thought lack of potassium was the main cause factor. Recent years, our research results indicated disorder ratio of sink and source (mainly the ratio of bolls and leaves) was the main cause of cotton red leaf. The disease common English names are red leaf disease, red leaf blight. According to the analysis of documents, the bronze wilt of cotton that occurred in US is likely to be red leaf.