15 September 2008, Volume 20 Issue 5
    

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  • WU Qiao-Wen, SONG Yang, ZHANG Rui, WANG Yuan, GUO San-Dui
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 323-329.
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    Y18R×P30A hybrid F1 generation then inbred, so judge the fertility according to stamen morphological character. Total RNA were extracted  from young buds of  3~5 days from fertile and sterile cotton, respectively. EST sequence from cotton restorer line was obtained through suppression subtractive hybridization. Designing primers according to the EST sequence, then doing rapid amplification cDNA ends, so full length cDNA sequence was obtained. The gene was named by GH18Rorf392 because it came from Gossypium hirsutum restorer line Y18R and codes 392 amino acids. The 5’ end of GH18Rorf392 is a new sequence and its 3’ end contains 26S rRNA partial sequence. This gene can be used to study cotton fertility associated function.
  • LAI Tong-Fei, JIA Yin-Hua, DU Xiong-Ming
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 330-334.
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    The whole proteins of ovules and water-soluble proteins from seed in cotton fiber mutant were extracted and the variation of the protein contents of cotton ovules during different growing stage were analyzed. Through comparing the SDS-PAGE patterns between the wild types and their mutants, three distinct bands which are probably relatived to the initiation of the ovule epidermal cell have been found between the mutant and its wild type of the diploid cotton.Moreover, we also discovered five distinct bands in the wild type and its mutant of the species from SDS-PAGE profile of seed water-soluble proteins. This research provides some information for further detecting the molecular mechanics about the differentiation and development of cotton fiber. 
  • DI Jia-Chun, XU Nai-Yin, CHEN Xu-Sheng, WU Qiao-Juan, XIAO Song-Hua, LIU Jian-Guang, YIN Jian-Mei
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 335-341.
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    In  recent  years,  cotton  leaf  roller(Sylepta derogata)  caused  more  damage  to  cotton  than  before. Three  targets,  the  number  of  cotton  leaf  roller  per  100  plants(NRP), the  number  of  rolled  leaf  per  100  plants(NLP)  and  the  percentage  of  rolled  plant(PRP) were  investigated  among  31  cotton  varieties  enrolled in  the  cotton  regional  trial  of  the   Yangtze  River  Valley in 2006,  under  the  field  condition  with  the  natural  population  of  cotton  leaf  roller.  The  results  showed  there  was  significant  difference  of  the  resistance  to  cotton  leaf  roller  among  the  31  varieties  and  significant  positive  relationship  between  each  two  of  NRP、 NLP  and  PRP.  NRP, NLP  and  PRP  all  could  be  used  as  the  resistance  index  to  cotton  leaf  roller. The  resistance  of  the  varieties  to  cotton  bollworm(Helicoverp armigera)  was  significantly  negative  correlated  with  NRP, NLP  and  PRP;  the  correlation  coefficients   were  -0.774**,-0.816**,-0.827**, respectively.  The  resistance  of  transgenic cotton  to  cotton  bollworm  was  defined  as  high  resistance、moderate  resistance  and  low  resistance , the  occurrence  and  harm  of  cotton  leaf  roller  were  aggravated  with  the  reduced  resistance  to  cotton  bollworm;  Compared  with  transgenic  cotton,  non-transgenic  cotton’s  NRP, NLP  and  PRP  was  11.1, 7.2, 4.6  times  of  transgenic  cotton  respectively.         By  observing  the  rolled  leaves  with  dissecting  microscope,  it  was  found  that  there  was  correlation  between  the  hair  density  of  cotton  leaf  and  the  cotton  leaf  roller’s   ability  of  rolling  leaf.  So  the  hair  density  of  cotton  leaf  was  studied.  The  results  showed   that  there  was  significant  difference  of  the  hair  density  among  the  31  varieties.  Though  no  significant  liner  correlation  was  founded  between  the  hair  density  and  the  resistance  to  cotton  leaf  roller,  it  indicated  that  non-hairy  character  was  resistant  to  cotton  leaf  roller,  also  hairy  character  was  resistant  to  cotton  leaf  roller.
  • ZHANG Wen-Jing, ZHOU Zhi-Guo, HU Hong-Biao, WANG You-Hua
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 342-347.
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    By choosing four cultivars with significant difference in fiber strength as materials, we studied the relationship between fiber strength and activity of enzymes associated with cotton fiber development in cotton seasonal boll (pre-summer boll, summer boll, early autumn boll and later autumn boll). The results showed that the activities of POD and IAA oxidase promoted with anthesis date postponing, while the activities of sucrose synthetase and β-1,3-glucanase declined. In PSB (pre-summer boll) and SB (summer boll) fiber, the higher activities of related enzyme they had, the better characteristic cellulose deposition and the higher strength fiber they got. The EAB (early autumn boll) had higher activities of key enzymes and better cellulose deposition characteristic than PSB, and EAB had higher fiber strength than PSB in the end. In LAB (later autumn boll) fiber, the activity peaks of related enzymes delayed with the temperature got lower than 20 ℃ and cotton plant was senescing, and these resulted in lower strength fiber formation. Cotton seasonal bolls had differences in enzyme activities and cellulose deposition. And these physiological differences might be one important reason for different fiber strength formation in cotton seasonal bolls.
  • JIANG Wei, ZHU Hong-Bo, HE Jue-Min
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 348-353.
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    The genetic diversity of 48 cotton accessions were analyzed by using ISSR markers.11 primers were screened out of 60 primers. Total of 92 bands were detected, 77 of them were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 83.70%. UPGMA Cluster analysis based on ISSR data showed that the genetic similarity (GS)coefficient of 48 accessions ranged from 0.27 to 0.93. 48 germplasm resources could be categorized into four major groups, wild cotton of Zhanjiang and Lianjiang, Guangdong province, showed great genetic difference from other materials, fell into one group, belong to primitive group. G.barbadense cotton were obvious genetic diffrent from G.hirsutum, also fell into one group, and high similarity among the rest cultivars from different provinces formed other groups. The study indicated that ISSR molecular marker is an efficient tool with high polymorphism and stability for analysis the genetic diversity and relationship of cotton germplasm resources.
  • ZHANG Yan-Hong, HUANG Le-Ping, ZHOU Xiao-Yun, WANG Dong-Mei
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 354-358.
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    Upland cotton pollen as the receptor,Sucrose Synthase Gene( Susy ) was transfered to Xinluzao19 by Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration, the suitable conditions of vacuum infiltration method were determined .The medium consisting of 45% (ρ) sucrose was suitable, could maintain a proper infiltration press and the lower exploded pollen rate . Under pressure of -80 Pa , OD6000.6~1.2, in order to maintain the lower exploded pollen rate and higher transient transformation, the appropriate time of vacuum infiltration was 15~25 minutes. For the normal pollen, Agrobacterium infected and Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltrated pollen, a transient GUS expression assay and the exploded pollen rate proved that the Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltrated pollen became blue. Those activated pollen would be pollinated on the stigma emasculated, respectively. Result showed that pollen using Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration were activated and could germinate pollen tubes.
  • JIA Bian-Tao, SHEN Jin-Liang
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 359-363.
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    Several classes of new insecticides with novel mode of action, such as emamectin benzoate, abamectin, indoxacarb, chlorfenapy, methoxyfenozide, JS118 and tebufenozide were developed or introduced to control the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (Hübner) in China. Resistance of this pest to many conventional insecticides has been reported in different countries and areas, but there is few evidence of resistance to these new insecticides in beet armyworm as yet. In order to make good use of these new insecticides and implement effective resistance management strategy, susceptibility to several classes of new insecticides was determined using leaf-dipping method in field populations of Spodoptera exigua from six areas of Jiangsu and Henan Province, in China. The results showed that in all six field populations tested with abamectin, three populations from Fengxian and Fu’ning counties, Jiangsu province and Henan province were susceptible or had decreased susceptibility (2.5~4.4-fold), one population from Dafeng county, Jiangsu province developed low level resistance (5.2-fold), and two populations from Jiangning and Sheyang counties, Jiangsu province first developed moderate levels of resistance (10.4~14.2-fold). In all four populations tested, three populations from Henan province and Jiangning, Fu’ning and Fengxian of Jiangsu province were susceptible (2.3~2.9-fold) to indoxacarb except that one population from Fengxian of Jiangsu province had low level of resistance (6.8-fold) to indoxacarb. Four populations from Henan province and Jiangning, Fu’ning and Sheyang counties of Jiangsu province were susceptible to emamectin benzoate (RR0.6~2.0-fold). In case of chlorfenapy, all four populations tested were susceptible (1.5~2.7-fold). Similarly, all populations tested were susceptible to methoxyfenozide (0.4~1.7-fold) and JS118 (0.3~1.3-fold). In all six populations tested with tebufenozide, four populations from Dafeng, Jiangning and Fengxian of Jiangsu province and Henan province were susceptible (1.6~2.5-fold), and two populations from Fu’ning and Sheyang, Jiangsu province had decreased susceptibility (3.2-fold). These results provide a guideline for developing a more effective resistance management program for beet armyworm.
  • XU Nan, ZHANG Hui-Xia, YANG Jia-Rong, LI Yan
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 364-367.
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    Because Jingyang strain is the highest aggressive strain which comes from the area of Guanzhong,  Shaanxi. We studies on vegetative compatibility tests for the 18 strains of Verticillium dahliae of Guanzhong, Shaanxi and the Hetian strain from Xinjiang, Jingyang strain, Anyang strain which supplied by the Institute of Plant Protection Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Science. According to their phenotypes on the media containing only one of the three different nitrogen sources, respectively, the results are: there were about 364 mutants obtained from 21 strains induced on KPS media , in which 289 mutants were nit1, it accounted for 79.40% of the total; 72 mutants were nitM, 19.78%; only three mutants were nit3.  All except three strains, could be assigned to one vegetative compatibility group designated VCG1,  the Hetian strain belongs to VCG2, the Anyang strain belongs to VCG3.B18 doesn′t product the mutants.The morphological characters of vegetative compatibility zone among different compatible isolate pairs were different and stable. In a word, the main reason for Verticillium dahliae of the strains of Guanzhong leading to seriously lost on the economy is that their dominant population belong to the VCG1.
  • WANG Deng-Wei, HUANG Chun-Yan, ZHANG Wei, MA Qin-Jian, ZHAO Peng-Ju
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 368-371.
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    Single leaf and canopy hyperspectral reflectance data were recorded at the key growth stages  in a cotton filed experiment with cultivars and planting densities level,at the meantime,cotton single leaf chlorophyll content(CHL.C) and canopy chlorophyll density (CH.D.) were tested in the laboratory.Utilizing multivariate regression method analyzes the correlation between hyperspectral data and its CH.D.The results showed that the maximum correlation coefficients of CH.D occurred at the reflectance bands of 762 nm(RCH.D=0.8134**,n=94); the highest correlation coefficients between the first derivative spectral data and CHL.C, CH.D both occurred at band of 750 nm, based on the first derivative value of band at 750 nm, the linear function model was established (RCHL.C=0.7382**, RMSE=0.1831,n=66;RCH.D =0.9027**, RMSE=0.3078,n=94). This research shows that chlorophyll information of reflecting cotton growing status can be preciously obtained by using hyperspectral remote sensing.
  • CUI Ai-Hua, MAO Shu-Chun, HAN Ying-Chun, LI Ya-Bing, FAN Zheng-Yi, WANG Guo-Ping, WANG Xiang-He
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 372-378.
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    The purpose of experiment was to study the antioxidant enzyme activity and chlorophyll contents in naked-seedling transplanting cotton on recovering stage. Three treatments were designed in single cropping field including directly sowed cotton,seedling raised with nutritive soil cube  and transplanted cotton, seedling raised with soilless-substrante and root-naked transplanted cotton. Two treatments including film-mulched, or no film-mulched were designed in double cropping system of wheat-cotton. SOD,POD and CAT activity, chlorophyll content in functional leaves were measured in 40 days after cotton was transplanted. The results showed that: transplanting cotton had distinct recovering stage because of the damaged roots during transplenting. During the recovering stage, SOD,POD and CAT activity,chlorophyll content in functional leaves were all going up at first, then descending or in a steady situation. CAT、POD were more sensitive to the negative environment than SOD, the activity went up quickly in the negative environment and went down quickly when the negative environment was relieved; film-mulched is beneficial to shorting the recovering stage and promoting the cotton seedling delivery early.
  • LI Ling-Li, FANG Wei-Ping, MA Zong-Bin, XIE De-Yi, DU Yuan-Fang, ZHANG Dong-Lin-
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 379-384.
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    Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield & quality of shortseason cotton were studied under field experiments. Two urea (N) levels 225 kg·hm-2  and 300 kg·hm-2 and three KCl (K) levels 0 kg·hm-2,120 kg·hm-2 and 195 kg·hm-2 were used in the experiments. The results indicated that photosynthetic capability in leaves of cotton and yield were higher applied more N than less N under the same K levels, and N utilize efficiency increased when applying more K. Meanwhile, photosynthetic capability in leaves of cotton , yield and quality was higher applied K than no K under the same N levels, and seed cotton yield were significantly different when applying different K levels. The highest yield was gained when applying urea 300 kg·hm-2  and KCl 195 kg·hm-2  under this experiments condition. So, supplying suitable K to keep balance of N and K is extremely important to improve N utilize efficiency, yield and quality of cotton under enough N.
  • LI Cheng-Wei, DING Jin-Ping, LIU Dong-Mei, ZHOU Rui-Yang, LI Fu-Guang
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 385-390.
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    In this review,we mainly summarized the recent research advances on cotton Verticillium wilt in the following aspects:mechanism of Verticillium pathogenicity,mechanism of host resistance,cotton resistance breeding against Verticillium wilt.We analyzed the different factors lagging the resistance breeding,such as limited resistant resources and lack of efficient breeding methods,and proposed measures for accelerating the Verticillium wilt resistance breeding progress.
  • HAN Xin-Cai, PENG Kun-Bo, LI Xi-Shu, SHI Zhang-Peng
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 391-393.
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    Agricultural antibiotic 120 and carbendazim are both systemic fungicide, and the premix develops a new pesticide formulation to control cotton wilt disease.This premix not only has environmental pollution-free characteristics of the biological pesticide, but also can delay the progress of pathogen's resistance to the carbendazim, significantly improve efficiency.In order to develop new effective fungicide mixed with carbendazim and agricultural antibiotic 120 to protect and treat cotton wilt, the method to determinate toxicity coeffcient and synergies of the protect and treat cotton wilt, the method to determinate toxicity coeffcient and synergies of the premix by using indoor colony diameter dish bioassay is taken. Agricultural antibiotic 120 and carbendazim by weight ratio is 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 for a total of 3 mixed compounds, setting up agricultural antibiotic 120, carbendazim two single dose control and a blank control, a total of six, repeated three times, the concentrations of pharmacy were between 200 and 1000 mg·L-1  with five concentration gradients. The drugs will be different with double distilled water in five different concentration gradients in the sterile table with a straw draw 1 mL liquid (water control) into the 8 cm dish, then added 9 mL syringe melting about 50°C to 60°C PDA medium, drugs and medium mixing, cooling to room temperature, then to 5 mm in diameter dish inoculated cotton Fusarium oxysporum block, in 25°C incubator in the culture 5~7 d, the control is going to be covered dish, the colony size measurement, repeated three times, averagedly calculated pharmacy the inhibitory rate of mycelium. For the pharmaceutical concentration on the numerical variable (x), mycelium to inhibit percentage probability value of the dependent variable (y), the toxicity regression equation and the correlation coefficient (r), the regression equation obtained EC50value, and the theoretical EC(th)50  value,  mixture of different ratio coefficient of efficiency (SR) were calculated.The results showed: with respect to cotton wilt, inhibitory concentration of agricultural antibiotic 120 is 285.7~666.7 mg·L-1 ,while the carbendazim is 333.3~1000 mg·L-1. Compared with the EC-50- value 574.5 mg·L-1of carbendazim,  agricultural antibiotic 120 is-407.4 mg·L-1and showed better performance on toxicity. And the EC50for the compound agent of agricultural antibiotic120 and carbendazim is 223.5~230.9  mg·L-1, which proves that the toxicity coeffcient of the compound agent is stronger than any of the individuals. The synergies indexes are 2.13,2.19,1.99 when compound agricultural antibiotic 120 with carbendazim at the proportion of 1:1,1:2,2:1, respectiuely. The results are  all larger than 1.5 of which shows notable synergies, the SR value comes to top when the proportion is 1:2 while the lowest if 2:1 was adopted, thus the best compound proportion of the said individuals is 1:2. The experiment provides scientific evidence for controlling cotton wilt by compound fungicide
  • QIN Hong-De, ZHANG Tian-Zhen
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 394-398.
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    In order to explore the genetic basis for photosynthesis and its related physiological trait of cotton, a mapping population of 273 F2:3 inbred lines derived from a four-way cross of Simian 3/Sumian 12//Zhong 4133/8891 was employed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) of leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates in cotton by interval mapping method with MAPQTL5.0. The results showed that a total of three QTLs were detected for leaf chlorophyll content on chromosome D6,D8 and A10, respectively, which explained 4.3%,4.5% and 5.2% of the phenotypic variance, and a total of three QTLs were detected for photosynthetic rates on chromosome D5,D6 and A11,respectively, which explained 3.8%, 7.4% and 8.4% of the phenotypic variance. Additive effects were mainly genetics effects for all QTLs of two traits. These QTLs concerned with leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates in cotton were first reported, and these results should be very useful for marker-assisted selection in cotton high photosynthetic rates breeding program.
  • ZHANG Rong-Zhi, WANG Sheng-Fen, MA Zhi-Ying, ZHANG Gui-Yin, CHI Ji-Na
    Cotton Science. 2008, 20(5): 399-封三.
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    With the rapid development of biotechnology and the exponent increase of cotton molecular biology data, in order to further dispose, analyze and use these data, it is necessary to establish the corresponding bioinformatics databases. Based on the research data of our laboratory and of public cotton molecular biology, we constructed a cotton molecular biology database system in the Linux operating system. In the database system, MySQL database was used as a background, and the open environment depended on Apache+PHP. In the Linux operating system, the standalone of wwwBLAST alignment system services was accomplished based on Apache environment. The blast could be operated in the offline state. The service could make up the blast deficiencies of public databases which were complicated and of weak pertinence. Since the local data were added into databases, the analysis and comparison of data became safer, quicker and more detailed. The database was put out by local area network and could be accessed at author’s permission. This database, in our laboratory, has been put into application in related gene cloning of fiber development and Verticillium wilt resistance.