15 May 2012, Volume 24 Issue 3
    

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  • YANG Dai-Gang, MA Xiong-Feng, ZHOU Xiao-Jian, ZHANG Xian-Liang, BAI Feng-Hu, WANG Hai-Feng, MENG Qing-Qin, PEI Xiao-Yu, YU Shu-Xun
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 191-198.
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    The general and specific combining ability of ten upland cotton strains for ten traits was assessed in 45 hybrids using an incomplete diallel analysis. The genetic distance between the ten upland cotton strains was estimated using molecular marker data. All ten parents contributed both additive and non-additive genetic effects to their offspring. The analyses of combining ability of the parents indicated that the ten parents showed significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA). Furthermore, correlation analyses showed that the GCAs of seed cotton yield, lint yield and lint percentage were significantly correlated with heterosis, as well as that between the SCAs of the fiber length, fiber strength, micronaire, plant height, number of fruit branch, boll number per plant, single boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint yield and lint percent characters and heterosis, while the correlations between SCAs of 10 characters and genetic distance (GD) were not.  Heterosis of boll number per plant, single boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint yield and lint percent were significantly or highly significantly correlated with genetic distance. Therefore, all of the significant or highly significant traits could have a high potential for improvement in cotton breeding programs.
  • Lin- Ling, ZHANG Ru-Yi, ZHANG Xin, DENG Sheng, XU Jing-You, ZHOU Yi-Jun
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 199-206.
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    To evaluate the cultural characteristics and pathogenicity differentiation of Verticillium dahliae, 37 strains of the pathogen were isolated from diseased cotton in Jiangsu Province in 2008. According to the quantity of microsclerotia of the colonial morphology on PDA, the strains were divided into three cultural types; The sclerotium type, the hyphal type and the intermediate type accounted for 54.1%, 24.3% and 21.6% of the total, respectively. The sclerotium type rose to the main type and the velum sclerotium type came forth. The results of special PCR primer(D-1/D-2 and ND-1/ND-2) assay showed that the defoliating and nondefoliating strains accounted for 83.8% and 16.2% of the total, respectively. The defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae was dominant in Jiangsu cotton region, and distributed in every main cotton production cities of Jiangsu Province at present. In addition, the determination of pathogenicity in the cotton seedling stage also showed that the pathogenicity varied among the strains isolated from Jiangsu. Strong, moderate and weak pathogenicity strains accounted for 27.0%, 40.5% and 32.4% of total strains and existed among the defoliating and nondefoliaing strain groups.
  • BAI Jing, NIE Yi-Chun, LIN Zhong-Xu, GUO Xiao-Ping, ZHANG Xian-Long, WANG Bin, LIU Chuan-Xiang
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 207-214.
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    In order to find a set of SSR core primers with distinct polymorphic bands, good repeatability and high resolution for identification of genuineness and purity of hybrid cotton varieties,we screened 2300 SSR primers from the Cotton Microsatellite Database (http://www.cottonssr.org) used on 79 cotton hybrid varieties. After two rounds of selection, 56 SSR primers were obtained, which generated 95 polymorphic loci with 1-3 loci per primer in 37 conventional hybrids; and a total of 161 genotypes were detected with 2-3 alleles per locus. Ten core SSR primers were randomly picked out, and they could clearly separated the 37 conventional hybrids by combinations. Further, 37 conventional hybrids were clustered based on UPGMA, when taking the similarity coefficient as 0.54, 20 conventional hybrids from the Yangtze River were divided into one subgroup and the other 17 ones from the Yellow River Valley into another. The results reflected the difference among different ecological regions due to the different breeding goals. The results showed this set of core primers is typical, practical, effective well to distinguish cotton hybrids.
  • ZHANG Shuai, CUI Jin-Jie-, Lü Li-Min , WANG Chun-Yi, LUO Jun-Yu
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 215-221.
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    Using qPCR, responses of three metabolizing gene including ATP synthase beta subunit(Atp β), light-harvesting complex II protein(lhcb2)and Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase(LRR- RLK) to damage caused by Aphis gossypii in cotton were studied. In four cotton varieties including CCRI 41, CCRI 44, CCRI 49 and CCRI 79, there was great difference of LRR-RLK expression in response to aphid damage, so the amount of LRR-RLK expression was related to aphid damage. The change of Lhcb2 expression quantity in response to aphid damage was great in CCRI 41's euphylla and cotyledons, CCRI 44's cotyledons, CCRI 49's euphylla and CCRI 79's cotyledons. The change of Atpβ expression quantity in response to aphid damage was great in CCRI 41's euphylla, CCRI 44's euphylla and cotyledons, CCRI 49's euphylla and CCRI 79's cotyledons, but weak in CCRI 79. Further analysis indicated that different cotton varieties might use different metabolic networks to response insect damage.
  • XU Qi-Jun, HU Xiao-Ping, CHEN Ting, ZHAO Jun-Xing
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 222-228.
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    The cell walls of young hypha of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum(FOV) FOV1 and FOV4 strains were lyzed with enzymes to generate protoplasts, which were used to insert the exogenous DNA randomly under PEG8000 mediated transformation. Twenty seven and thirty nine transformants of FOV1 and FOV4 that showed hygromycin resistance and fluorescence signal were obtained, respectively. The transformation frequency of FOV1 was 1350 transformants per mg DNA and that of FOV4 was 1950 transformants per mg DNA. Three representative transformants of FOV1 and FOV4 were tested for their sporulation, fluorescence stability, and pathogenicity during five generations of sub-culture, and none of the transformants showed significant changes over this time. Therefore, the protoplast transformation is a stable and efficient genetic transformation method for FOV.
  • KUANG Meng, YANG Wei-Hua, XU Hong-Xia, WANG Yan-Qin, ZHOU Da-Yun, FENG Xin-Ai, ZHANG Yu-Cui, WANG Fei, SU Chang
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 229-237.
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    36 core primers were used for constructing a DNA fingerprint database of 138 leading cotton varieties based on multiplex fluorescence detection technology. The fingerprint data was analyzed by the software of the cotton DNA fingerprint database system. Among the 138 varieties, 36 pairs of primers had 143 polymorphic alleles, and each primer pairs amplified an average of 3.97 polymorphic alleles with a range from 2 to 8. The homozygous DNA locus ratio of sampled varieties was 45.6%, and that of the CCRI series was 61.6%. There were five types of heterozygous DNA loci, and the two mixed genotypes rank the first in which the genotype of the ratio of 5∶1 was the most type. The contrastive analysis of fingerprint among four type varieties with the same name indicated that they contained different number loci, ranging from 0 to 2. A high throughput platform for cotton varieties DNA detection and data analysis was established. A threshold for DNA fingerprint-based variety identification on cotton was proposed.
  • JIAO Tian-Qi, WU Shen-Jie, LIU Rui-Na, LI Jing, ZHANG Huan-Yang, JIAO Gai-Li, ZHU Jian-Bo
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 238-243.
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    Somatic embryogenesis of leading variety in Xinjiang Xinluzao42 was studied, and compared with another variety Xinluzao33. Calli were effectively produced on media with four different hormone regimes and embryonic calli were only induced on media with IBA 1.0 mg·L-1 + KT 0.5 mg·L-1 or 2,4-D 0.1 mg·L-1 + KT 0.1 mg·L-1 hormones. Embryonic calli of Xinluzao42 were effectively initiated in 46 d on medium with IBA 1.0 mg·L-1 + KT 0.5 mg·L-1, otherwise Xinluzao33 did not unless whose calli were transferred to medium of MSBP for subculture 48 d. Embryonic calli appeared after 71 d and 81 d respectively in Xinluzao42 and Xinluzao 33. For both cultivars, callus produced on the medium with 2,4-D 0.1 mg·L-1 + KT 0.1 mg·L-1 must be transferred to medium of MSBP for subculture. Embryonic callus in the MSBF medium covered with filter paper differentiated into embryo and then plants regenerated. It took about 140 d to obtain regenerated plants(height 7-8 cm) for somatic cell of Xinluzao42, but about 180 d for Xinluzao33. A successful regeneration system were established for Xinluzao42, embryogenic and regeneration ablity of whom is better than Xinluzao33.
  • SUN 恩Hong, LI Ya-Bing, HAN Ying-Chun, MAO Shu-Chun, FENG  Lu, WANG Guo-Ping, ZHU Qiao-Ling, FAN Zheng-Yi, DONG Chun-Wang
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 244-252.
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    A spatial statistics simulation method was applied to study the spatial distribution of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) within cotton canopy grown at different densities. Spatial pattern of PAR transmittance rate was reflected depending on the semivariograms and contour maps. The average PAR transmittance rate was calculated using the Kriging interpolation and the Simpson3/8 rule. The regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between average PAR transmittance rate and leaf area index(LAI). Cross validation was used to evaluate the predict accuracy of PAR transmittance rate by the Kriging interpolation. The results showed that PAR transmittance rate had strong spatial autocorrelation that perfectly fitted the Gaussian semivariogram model. The coefficients of determination were above 0.9 in all treatments. There were similar spatial patterns of PAR transmittance rate among different plant densities, but variance degree increased with increased plant density. There was an exponential correlation between average PAR transmittance rate of the canopy and leaf area index, which was consistent with previous studies. Applying spatial statistics to study the spatial distribution pattern of PAR will help to estimate PAR accurately. It will also be useful for optimizing co-cultivation methods and adjustment of crop canopy.
  • ZHANG Xiang, LIU Xiao-Fei, WANG Gui-Xia, Lü Chun-Hua , LUAN Na, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-Hua
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 253-258.
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    Eight cotton cultivars, applied in Yangtse River basins, were grown and used to investigate nitrogen uptake and use efficiency difference among cotton cultivars. The results showed that there were large differences in nitrogen recovery efficiency (RE) for eight cotton cultivars, which varied from 29.0%~48.2%. And the cultivars of high RE had appropriate nitrogen accumulation in leaf and stem, higher nitrogen accumulation in bolls and total nitrogen accumulation. There were also large differences in nitrogen use efficiency for seed cotton production (NUEsp) among the eight cultivars. The NUEsp for Simian 3 and Kemian 6 were higher, 20.67 kg·kg-1 and 20.35 kg·kg-1 respectively. Based on a cluster analysis of RE, the cultivars were divided into three groups: a high-efficiency RE type, a middle-efficiency RE type, and a low-efficiency RE type. The cluster analysis of NUEsp showed that the cultivars were divided into two groups: a high-efficiency NUEsp type, and a low-efficiency NUEsp type. Further analysis of RE and NUEsp data indicated that the cultivars were divided into four types: The first group was high-efficiency type both in RE and NUEsp, the second type was low-efficiency type both in RE and NUEsp, the third type was high-efficiency in NUEsp and low-efficiency in RE, and the forth type was high-efficiency in RE and low-efficiency in NUEsp.
  • WU Lan-Tu-Ya, HONG Mei, ZHAO Jian-Ning, LI Gang, YANG Dian-Lin
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 259-264.
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    In order to determine the effects of different fertilizer treatments on enzyme activities and nutrient contents of rhizosphere soil in transgenic cotton fields, the changes of the enzyme activities (urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase) and nutrient content (nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus) in rhizosphere soil under six fertilizer treatments were examined in field experiments, using trans Bt plus CpTI gene cotton sGK321 as material, and its parental conventional cotton Shiyuan321 as control. The results showed that under 100% organic fertilizer, compared to the parental conventional cotton, the soil enzyme activities (urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase) of trans Bt plus CpTI gene cotton were significantly higher after planted for 120 days. But for the nitrate nitrogen content, the difference between trans Bt plus CpTI gene cotton and conventional cotton decreased with the increasing of the amount of organic fertilizer applied; there were no significant difference between transgenic cotton and conventional one in ammonical nitrogen contents except for control and 50% organic fertilizer, 50% urea mode.
  • YANG Mei-Sen, HU Xiao-Bing, LUO Hong-Hai, ZHANG Ya-Li, ZHANG Wang-Feng
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 265-271.
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    Cotton varieties with different temperature sensitivities were used to explore the effect of the exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on chilling tolerance and germinability of cotton seed during the imbibition period. The results showed that, under low temperature stress, nitric oxide treatment increased activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and soluble protein and proline (Pro) contents, and decreased the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the embryo of cotton seed. The nitric oxide treatment also significantly increased the average germination rate and shortened the germination time. After 48 h of seed imbibition at low temperature, the germination rate was increased by 29.85% and the germination time was decreased by 3 d in the SNP treatment compared with the control. These results indicate that nitric oxide treatment can improve the chilling tolerance during the seed imbibition period and enhance seed germination ability.
  • PENG Jun, MA Yan, LI Xiang-Ju, MA Xiao-Yan, XI Jian-Ping, MA Ya-Jie, LI Xi-Feng
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 272-278.
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    The effects of an alien invasive weed Flaveria bidentis with different densities or symbiotic periods on the growth of cotton were studied in cotton field. The results indicated that the cotton budding stage was postponed with increasing weed density up to 0.5 plants·m-1 of row; Meanwhile, stem diameter, sympodial branch number, and square and boll number were reduced. However, plant height, number of plants per 4 m of row and fiber quality could not be affected obviously. If the symbiotic period for cotton and F. bidentis over four weeks, cotton stem diameter decreased obviously. When the symbiotic period was over eight weeks, the cotton yield was decreased sharply. In conclusion, Flaveria bidentis are strong invasive and competitive to cotton, and should be controlled before its density to 0.5 plants per meter of row and the symbiotic period to eight weeks. And primarily  determined the economic threshold was 0.25 plants·m-1 of row.
  • LUO Jun-Yu, CUI Jin-Jie, WANG Chun-Yi, XIN Hui-Jiang
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(3): 279-283.
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     The different resistance levels of different cotton varieties to Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür and the relationship between contents of GAA and tannin in cotton leaf and resistance to Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür were studied in the net room and laboratory. The results showed that the contents of GAA and tannin differed among different cotton varieties and among different growing periods. The contents of leaf GAA and tannin at the bolling stage indicated a strong positive correlation with the resistance to Apolygus lucorum.