15 March 2012, Volume 24 Issue 2
    

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  • WANG Lin, LIU Fang, LI Shao-Hui, WANG Chun-Ying, ZHANG Xiang-Di, WANG Yu-Hong, HUA Jin-Ping, WANG Kun-Bo
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 97-105. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120201
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    In this study, the F2 mapping population was assembled using the parents of hybrid Lumianyan 15(613 and R55) to construct a genetic linkage map with SSR markers using JoinMap 3.0 software. The QTLs for fiber quality properties in three F2:3 subpopulations were mapped by the composite interval mapping method. A genetic linkage map included 116 SSR loci and 25 linkage groups, covering 892.25 cM and accounting for 20.05% of the cotton genome. The average number of markers per linkage group was 4.64 and the average distance of markers was 7.76 cM. A total of 19 groups were anchored to the chromosomes based on the results of previous studies. Based on data analyses, 46 QTLs were identified in three F2:3 subpopulations, including 16 QTLs for fiber length, 7 for fiber strength, 12 for fiber micronaire, 6 for fiber elongation, and 5 for fiber uniformity. Some QTLs were clustered on chromosomes Ah05, Ah08, Ah09, and Dh02. The results revealed that some QTLs could be stably inherited and durable in different environments among the three subpopulations. These QTLs can be used for molecular breeding of fiber quality traits in cotton.
  • FAN Jian, LIU Xu, FAN Chun-Fen, HUANG Jiang-Feng, LUO Bing, PENG Liang-Cai, XIA Tao
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 106-113. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120202
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    Cotton fibers are single-celled seeds almost entirely constructed of cellulose, thus serving as model plants for cellulose synthesis. Previous research has reported that CESA1, CESA2, CESA3, SUSY1, β-1,4-glucanase, β-1,3-glucanase, callose synthase and other proteins have very important functions during cellulose synthesis. In order to validate the mechanisms by which these proteins act, antibody preparation is necessary. Here we prepared the CESA2 and CESA3 antigens by chemical synthesis, and the other antigens by prokaryotic expression. The CESA1 antigen is a solute recombinant protein; the SUSY1 antigen is a recombinant and refolded inclusion body; β-1,4-glucanase, β-1,3-glucanase, and callose synthase antigens are fold inclusion bodies. All the antibodies were detected by Western blotting, and the results suggest that all the antibodies, with the exception of CESA3, can be used to check the target protein. This study finds that the inclusion bodies can be directly used as the antigen for antibody preparation.
  • LIN Wei, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Guo-Wei, MENG Ya-Li, CHEN Bing-Lin, WANG You-Hua, ZHOU Zhi-Guo
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 114-119. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120203
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    In order to apply software engineering to monitor the water and salinity content of cotton in saline soil, we developed a remote sensing monitoring system by integrating an estimation model for the water and salinity content of cotton leaf with a soil dielectric properties' model based on remote ground sensing. Through inputting hyper-spectral reflectance for functional leaves and microwave dielectric properties for saline soil as essential parameters, we were able to calculate and predict the water and salinity content of these systems. The running result was output, demonstrating the simple but reliable operation of this system. This system can provide digital and scientific decision support in cotton farming for farmers, agronomists, and researchers.
  • ZHANG Yu-Cui, YANG Wei-Hua, KUANG Meng, XU Hong-Xia, WANG Yan-Qin, ZHOU Da-Yun, FENG Xin-Ai, SU Chang-
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 120-126. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120204
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    Thirty-two leading cotton cultivars were used as materials in the construction of DNA fingerprinting and analysis of genetic diversity with simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. Forty primer pairs with high polymorphisms, good repeatability, and even distribution on the 26 chromosomes were screened out from 95 candidates. A total of 161 polymorphic genotypes were detected among the 32 cultivars using the 40 SSR primer pairs, with an average of 4.025. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2989 to 0.7585, with an average of 0.5407 per primer. Eleven primer pairs produced specific genotype bands on 13 cultivars. These 32 cotton cultivars could be absolutely identified by just 5 primer pairs. NTSYSpc v2.10 software was used to analyze genetic diversity of the cultivars. The results indicated that the cultivars from the Yangtze River valley had the highest polymorphic level, followed by those from the Yellow River valley, with the level of cultivars from the Xinjiang region being the lowest. The heritability of conventional cultivars was narrower than the hybrids.
  • XIAO Song-Hua, WU Qiao-Juan, LIU Jian-Guang, ZHAO Jun, CHEN Xu-Sheng, DI Jia-Chun, MA Xiao-Jie, XU Nai-Yin
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 127-132. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120205
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    In order to clarify the oil, edible value and healthy functions of kernels from new low-gossypol strains, seven new dominant glandless strains and two gossypol cultivars from upland cotton, Sumian 22 and Sikang 1, were selected to determine content of free gossypol, fatty acids, amino acids in kernels, and other characters. The results showed that the gossypol content of the kernels of four new strains were under the national edible standard (200 mg·kg-1). Suxianwu 154 and Suxianwu 156 are new upland cotton lines without gossypol. The rough fat content of kernels from new low-gossypol strains were higher than that from gossypol cultivars, and the total content of unsaturated fatty acids from low gossypol kernels was more than 70%. The relative amounts of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palm oleic acid, and total unsaturated fatty acids from low gossypol kernels were the same as that from gossypol ones, whereas the relative amounts of oleic acid from low gossypol kernels were slightly lower than that from gossypol ones. Tryptophan content of low gossypol kernels was significantly higher than that of conventional gossypol kernels, and the content of other essential amino acids as well as the total content of amino acids from low gossypol kernels were the same as that from gossypol ones. There were no adverse influences of the glandless gene Gl2e on the composition and content of fatty acids and amino acids in low gossypol kernels.
  • LIU Hong-Mei, ZHAO Jian-Ning, HUANG Yong-Chun, ZHANG Gui-Long, ZHANG Hai-Fang, YANG Dian-Lin
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 133-139. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120206
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    A pot experiment compared transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton cultivar sGK321 with conventional cotton cultivar Shiyuan 321 (check) to investigate the effects of nutrients in rhizosphere soil (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matter) and the activities of some enzymes (urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase) in four growing stages(seedling, budding, flower and boll, boll opening). Results showed that there were no significant differences between the two cotton cultivars in total and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil during the experimental period. Remarkable differences, however, existed between the transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton cultivar and its conventional check in terms of total nitrogen, organic matter, and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil. For transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton, total nitrogen at the budding stage, catalase activity at the seedling stage, and alkaline phosphatase activity at the seedling and budding stages were significantly higher than its conventional check Shiyuan 321. By contrast, organic matter in rhizosphere soil at the budding stage, catalase activity at the budding stage, urease activity at the seedling and flower and boll stages, and alkaline phosphatase activity at the seedling stage were significantly lower than the check. Cluster analysis showed that the changes of nutrients and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil were mainly affected by the growth stages, whereas the impact of transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton planting on the main nutrients and enzyme activities was very limited.
  • MO Wang-Cheng, TANG Fei-Yu, XIAO Wen-Jun
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 140-146. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120207
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    Six upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties (lines) with high fiber quality were used to create a genetic population according to a complete diallel cross design. The developmental genetic behavior of the dry matter weight of mid-summer bolls and their subtending leaves (boll-leaf system) was investigated by using additive-dominant developmental genetic models and corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that the dry weight of the leaf subtending the boll was mainly controlled by additive effects in the former half period of boll development, and by dominant effects in the latter half period. Boll shell weight was affected by additive and dominant effects in the whole developmental process, but additive effect genes mainly acted. Boll weight was mainly governed by dominant effects in the early-middle period, and by additive effects in the late period. The results of conditional genetic variance components indicated that net genetic effects for the dry weight of the leaf subtending the boll reached a peak at 38-45 days post anthesis. Meanwhile, the expression of additive genes closed. Gene expression for the boll shell weight was most active at 17-24 days and 38-45 days after flowering. The net dominant effects played major roles. The two summits of gene expression amounts for the boll weight appeared at 17-24 days and 31-38 days after flowering, and the dominant genes were expressed in larger amounts than the additive genes. From then on, the expression of genes decreased dramatically. The maximum of net genetic effects for the boll weight appeared earlier than those of the dry weight of the leaf subtending the boll and the boll shell weight, which was consistent with the observation of more dry matter accumulation in the boll shells of high quality upland cotton varieties than low-medium quality ones. Dominance correlation coefficients between the boll shell weight at diverse developmental stages and the boll weight finally attained were positive and significant at the 0.01 probability level.
  • HAN Hong-Wei, REN Yu-Zhong, LIU Pei-Yuan, ZHANG Li, LI Chun, LI Guo-Ying
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 147-152. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120208
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    To explore the pathogenicity differentiation and variability of a Verticillium dahliae population from cotton in southern Xinjiang, 36 representative strains were collected and the pathogenicity types determined on the basis of differential host tests and PCR assays. The results of differential host tests inoculations showed that strong, moderate, and low pathogenicity strains occupied 75.0%, 11.1%, and 13.9% of total examined strains, respectively, which was different from a 2004 investigation showing 14.3%, 45.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Results of a special PCR primer (ND1/ND2 and D1/D2) assay showed that the defoliating and non-defoliating strains occupied 33.3% and 66.7%, of total examined strains, respectively. Generally, the severity of cotton infection by the defoliating strains was higher than in non-defoliating strains, and the corresponding average index was 43.8 and 31.8, respectively. Defoliating symptoms appeared in cotton infected by defoliating and non-defoliating strains. Thus, the defoliation is not only related with the pathogenicity and pathotype of Verticillium dahliae, but also with the resistance of cotton cultivars.
  • ZHANG Xiang, LIU Xiao-Fei, Lü Chun-Hua , WANG Gui-Xia, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-Hua
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 153-158. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120209
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    We investigated the effects of low temperature on nitrogen metabolism and the content of the insecticidal protein CryIAc in the leaf of Bt transgenic cotton. This study was undertaken on two transgenic cotton cultivars, one conventional (Sikang 1) and the other a hybrid (Sikang 3). In the 2007 growing season, potted cotton plants were exposed to 18 ℃ for 24 hours under glasshouse conditions at three growth stages: peak square, flowering, and peak boll development. In the 2008 growing season, plants of the same two cultivars were exposed to the same temperature for 48 hours at three growth stages. The results showed that the CryIAc content of the leaf was significantly affected by the temperature stress during the three periods. However, the reduced extent CryIAc content was the greatest from exposure to low temperature at the peak boll period. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity, total free amino acids, soluble protein content, and protease activity in the leaf showed similar changes of reduction in response to low temperature. These parameters decreased most at the peak boll period as well. The results suggest that low temperature may result in the reduction of soluble protein synthesis in the leaf, with a resulting decline in the level of CryIAc. It is believed that this may be the cause of the reduced efficacy of Bt cotton in typical growing conditions, where temperatures during the cotton growth season often decrease by 15-20 ℃. The results suggest that low temperature may result in the reduction of soluble protein synthesis in the leaf, with a resulting decline in the level of the toxin CryIAc.
  • ZHU Hua-Guo, ZHANG Xian-Long, JIN Shuang-Xia, LIU Guan-Ze
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 159-166. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120210
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    The two most commonly used plant growth regulator regimes(PGR) are the IK and DK treatments for somatic embryogenesis. Segments from hypocotyls of Gossypium hirsutum cv. YZ-1 were cultured on callus induction medium for 4 weeks, and sub-cultured on differentiation medium for somatic embryogenesis. The results demonstrated that somatic embryogenesis occurred in the two treatments. In the IK treatment, somatic embryos appeared on day 33 after inoculation, the ratio of differentiation was 97.6%, and somatic embryos commonly appeared prior to an obvious embryogenic callus. One the other hand, somatic embryogenesis was represented at a late stage in the DK treatment, somatic embryos developed from obvious embryogenic calli, and the ratio of callus differentiation was distinctly lower than that with IK treatment, being only 28.6%. Furthermore, adventitious roots almost appeared on the surface of all explants in the IK treatment, but none were found in the DK treatment. Therefore, two distinct patterns of somatic embryogenesis occurred in the two treatments, with histological observation suggesting that the majority of somatic embryos originated from primary meristem and cortex in the DK and the IK treatments, respectively.
  • SHANG Hai-Hong, YUAN You-Lu, LIU Chuan-Liang, ZHANG Chao-Jun, WU Zhi-Xia, ZHANG Xue-Yan, LI Fu-Guang
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 167-175. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120211
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    Research on somatic embryogenesis of Gossypium hirsutum L. significantly contributes to the progress in cotton genetic engineering breeding. Dynamic variations in structure during cotton somatic embryogenesis were observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A net-like structure formed on the surface of the proembryo callus as the normal callus developed into an embryogenic callus, gradually degrading with the development and formation of embryos. This phenomenon was not observed in the callus and non-embryogenic callus. The results suggest that the extracellular matrix is linked to the acquisition of embryogenic competency of cotton embryogenic calli.
  • Zhan-Man-Man, WANG Ning, TIAN Xiao-Li
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 176-182. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120212
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    Potassium (K) is a major plant nutrient with many biochemical and physiological functions. Cotton has a high demand for K. However, widespread K deficiency in cotton occurs in many countries. Cotton varieties differ in their K uptake efficiency. This review accessed the available literature on K uptake and utilization efficiency in cotton related to genotype differences. Genotypes efficient in K uptake may have a larger root system and/or efficient physiological uptake characteristics(such as greater Imax [maximum influx rate], and lower Km [the Michaelis constant] and Cmin [the minimum concentration for net uptake]). Furthermore, genotypes efficient in K utilization may have active K transport and remobilization, high net photosynthetic ability, better balance between carbon and nitrogen metabolism, greater ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, and increased capacity to substitute Na+ for K+. Future research areas regarding K efficiency in cotton are suggested.
  • PING Wen-Chao, ZHANG Yong-Jiang, LIU Lian-Tao, SUN Hong-Chun, LI Cun-Dong
    Cotton Science. 2012, 24(2): 183-190. https://doi.org/10.11963/cs120213
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     Root morphological and physiological characteristics play important roles in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and development. However, root studies have been less thorough than those of above-ground studies because of difficulties in root observation. In this paper, the recent development and current status of research on the cotton root is summarized, including research methods, root growth and distribution characteristics and their influencing factors, as well as root physiological characteristics. Several problems in root studies are discussed and research prospects in this field are presented.